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Circuit Theory 3

circuit theory for engineering major students

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81 views

Circuit Theory 3

circuit theory for engineering major students

Uploaded by

spmz8011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circuit Theory (I)

lecture (3)
BY:
Eng:Khadija Mohamed
Series Networks

 Two or more elements are in series if they are cascaded


or connected sequentially and consequently carry the
same current.
Series circuits
 Figure shows three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected end to end, i.e., in series, with a
battery source of V volts. Since the circuit is closed a current I will flow and the p.d.
across each resistor may be determined from the voltmeter readings V1, V2 and V3.
 In a series circuit
(a) the current I is the same in all parts of the circuit and hence the same reading is
found on each of the two ammeters shown.
(b) the sum of the voltages V1, V2 and V3 is equal to the total applied voltage, V.
V = V1 + V2 + V3
Cont.…

 From Ohm’s law:


 𝑣1 = 𝑖𝑅1 and 𝑣2 = 𝑖𝑅2 and 𝑣3 = 𝑖𝑅3 and v= 𝑖𝑅
where R is the total circuit resistance.
 Since 𝑣 = 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 + 𝑣3
Then 𝐼𝑅 = 𝐼𝑅1 + 𝐼𝑅2 + 𝐼𝑅3 Dividing throughout by I
gives R = R1 + R2 + R3
Thus for a series circuit, the total resistance is obtained by adding
together the values of the separate resistances.
Example (1)

 For the circuit shown in Figure determine


(a) the battery voltage V.
(b) the total resistance of the circuit. And the values of resistance of
resistors R1, R2 and R3, given that the p.d.’s across R1, R2 and R3 are 5
V, 2 V and 6 V respectively.
Cont..

Solution:
(a) Battery voltage
V=V1+V2+V3= 5+2+6=13V
(b) Total circuit resistance
𝑽 𝟏𝟑
𝑹= = = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝜴
𝑰 𝟒
𝑽𝟏 𝟓
Resistance 𝑹𝟏 = = = 𝟏. 𝟐𝜴
𝑰 𝟒
𝑽 𝟐
Resistance 𝑹𝟐 = 𝟐 = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝜴
𝑰 𝟒
𝑽 𝟔
Resistance 𝑹𝟑 = 𝟑 = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝜴
𝑰 𝟒
(Check: R1 +R2 + R3 = 1.25+0.5 + 1.5 =𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝜴 =R)
Example(2)

 For the circuit shown in Figure


a)determine the p.d. across resistor R3.
V3 =25 -10 - 4 = 11 V
b) If the total resistance of the circuit is 100 . determine the current flowing
through resistor R1.
𝑽 𝟐𝟓
𝑰= = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝑨
𝑹 𝟏𝟎𝟎
c)Find also the value of resistor R2.
𝑽𝟐 𝟒
𝑹𝟐 = = = 𝟏𝟔𝜴
𝑰 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
Potential Divider

 The voltage distribution for the circuit shown in Figure b


is often referred to as a potential divider circuit.
Such a circuit can consist of a number of similar elements in
series connected across a voltage source, voltages being
taken from connections between the elements.
𝑹𝟏
𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽
𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐

𝑹𝟐
𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽
𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐

𝑹𝟐
𝑽𝑶𝑼𝑻 = 𝑽𝑰𝑵
𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐
Example(1)
 Determine the value of voltage V shown in Figure

𝑹𝟐 𝟔
𝑽𝑶𝑼𝑻 = 𝑽𝑰𝑵 = = 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎𝑽
𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 𝟒+𝟔
Example(2)

 Two resistors are connected in series across a 24 V supply and a


current of 3 A flows in the circuit. If one of the resistors has a
resistance of 2Ω determine (a) the value of the other resistor, and
(b) the p.d. across the 2 Ω resistor. If the circuit is connected for 50
hours, how much energy is used?
Cont..

Solution:
𝑽 𝟐𝟒
(a)Total circuit resistance 𝐑 = = = 𝟖𝜴
𝑰 𝟑
Value of unknown resistance, Rx=8-2=6𝜴
𝑹𝟏 𝟐
(b) P.d. across 2Ω resistor, 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽=𝑽𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟔𝑽
𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 𝟐+𝟔
Energy used=Power ×time
=V × I × t =(24 ×3w) ×(50h)=3.6kWH

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