Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Differentiation
3.1 Introduction to Derivatives and Differentiation

Quick Check
dy
1. It is given that = 2x + 1. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y at
dx
(a) x = 1, ______
(b) x = –1, ______
(c) x = 0, ______
1
(d) x =  . ______
2
2. Fill in the blanks.
d d 2
(a) (7) = ______ (b) ( x ) = ______
dx dx
d d  x5 
(c) (3x 8 ) = ______ (d)   = ______
dx dx  5 

3. It is given that v( x)  0 . Which of the following is true?

dv du dv du
uv u v
d u dx dx d u dx dx
A.   B.  
dx  v  v2 dx  v  v2
du dv du dv
v u v u
d u d u
C.    dx 2 dx D.    dx dx ______
dx  v  v dx  v  v

In each of the following, find the slope of the tangent to the curve y at the given value of x. (1 – 8)
dy dy
1. = 5, x = 0 2. = –1 + 8x, x = –1
dx dx
dy dy 3
3. = 2x2 – x + 7, x = 1 4. = ,x=2
dx dx ( x  5) 2
dy 1 dy 1
5. = ,x=4 6. = ,x=1
dx 3 x dx 2x  7
dy 2x  1 dy
7. = 2 , x = –3 8. = –6e4 – x, x = 3
dx x  x 1 dx

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 Differentiation

dy
9. It is given that = ax2 – 2x – 9, where a is a constant. The slope of the tangent to the curve y
dx
at x = –2 is 7.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Find the values of x at which the slope of the tangent to the curve y is –4.

dy
10. It is given that = 3x2 + 6k and the slope of the tangent to the curve y at x = 0 is –3.
dx
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the values of x at which the tangent to the curve y is a horizontal line.

11. It is given that f '(x) = 4(x + 8)3. If the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at x = k is perpendicular to
the y-axis, find the value of k.

12. It is given that f '(x) = 3(5 – x)2. If the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at x = k + 1 is perpendicular
to the y-axis, find the value of k.

Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x. (13 – 60)

1
13. y = 5 14. y =
2
15. y = –10e 16. y = x4
17. y = x7 18. y = –x11
19. y = 4x 20. y = 9x2
21. y = –5x3 22. y = –8x6
3 2 2 10
23. y = x 24. y =  x
4 5
25. y = x + 1 26. y = 5x – 7
27. y = 4 – x2 28. y = 2x3 – 6
29. y = 3x2 – 8x 30. y = –2x – x2
31. y = 5x2 – x + 1 32. y = x3 + 9x + 8
33. y = 2x4 – 7x3 – 3 34. y = 1 + 6x3 – 2x5
1 7 1 1 2
35. y = x + 2x5 – 6x3 + 1 36. y = x6 – x + – 4x3
7 3 2 5
37. y = x(x + 7) 38. y = 6x(x3 – 2x)
39. y = –3x2(x4 – 2x + 1) 40. y = (x – 1)(x + 4)

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Chapter 3

41. y = (x + 6)(2x – 5) 42. y = (2x – 7)(5x – 3)

43. y = (7x2 – 1)(x3 + x) 44. y = (x2 + 2x)(3x4 + x2)
1 3
45. y = 46. y = 
x 1 2x  1
x 3 x
47. y = 48. y =
7x 3 x
2
49. y = 5x–4 50. y =  x–3
9
1 2
51. y = 52. y =  4
x5 x
53. y = 4 – 8x–1 54. y = 7 + x–3 – 5x–6
1 –8
55. y = 2x–10 – 3x–6 – 9x 56. y = x + 4x–5 – x + 11
2
3 5 6 1 3 2
57. y =  2 3 58. y =   3 5
x x x x x x
1 2 8 1
59. y = 3x – – 60. y = 2x6 + –
4x 2 x x 3
3x 2

Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x. (61 – 80)

61. y = (x2 – 1)(2x2 + x + 5) 62. y = (4x – 5x3)(x3 – x + 1)
(2 x  5)(x  3)  1  1
63. y = 64. y =  2   9  
x 9
2
 x  x
 1  5
65. y =  3  2  x   66. y = (1 – 4x)2
 x  x
x
67. y = (2 – 5x + x2)2 68. y =
x 2
3

 4x2 1  x2
69. y = 70. y =
2x  5 x2  1
4 x  5x 2 8x2  1
71. y = 72. y =
3x 2  2 x3  5x
1 1 4 8
73. y =  74. y = 
x6 x6 x  2 2x  5
x x
75. y = (x + 3) 76. y = (2x – 1)
x7 4x  82

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 Differentiation

2 x3  7 x  1 4
77. y = 78. y = (2x3 + 6x + 1)
x x2
(5  2 x)(7  x)  3 7 
79. y = 80. y = x1   
x2  x2 x4 

81. (a) Factorize x3 + 6x – 7.

x3  6 x  7
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the derivative of y = with respect to x.
x 1

82. (a) Factorize 3x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 4.

3x 3  4 x 2  5 x  3
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the derivative of y = with respect to x.
x 1

83. (a) Let y = (2x + 1)2. Find y'.

1
(b) Using the result of (a), find the derivative of y = with respect to x.
(2 x  1) 2

84. (a) Given that f(x) = (x + 1)(2x + 1), find f '(x).

(b) Using the result of (a), find the derivative of y = (x + 1)(x + 2)(2x + 1) with respect to x.

85. (a) Given that f(x) = (x – 1)(x2 – 5), find f '(x).

(b) Using the result of (a), find the derivative of y = (x – 1)(x + 4)(x2 – 5) with respect to x.

86. Given that u(x) = (2x – 1)(3x + 4)(5x + 2), find u'(x).

3 x dy
87. Let y =  . Use two methods to find .
2x  1 2x 1 dx

x2
88. Given that f(x) = , find f '(–1).
x 2  5 x  14

1 1 1 1
89. Given that f(x) =  2 , find f '  .
2
4
x 4x 16 x

90. Given that f(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 1, solve f '(x) = 0.

91. Given that f(x) = 7 + x + x2 – 5x3, solve f '(x) = 0.

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Chapter 3

92. Let f(x) = (2x2 + 1)(3x2 + 4x + k), where k is a constant. If f '(–1) = 2, find the value of k.

93. Let f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a, b, c and d are constants. If f '(0) = –5, f '(1) = 1 and
f '(2) = 19, find the value of f '(3).

1  3x
94. (a) Let y = . Find y'.
x3
1  3x 1
(b) Is the tangent to the curve y = 3
at x = a horizontal line? Explain your answer.
x 2

95. Let f(x) = x x .

(a) Find f '(x).
(b) It is given that the slope of the straight line L is 3. Is the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at
x = 4 parallel to L? Explain your answer.

8x 4x
96. Let f(x) =  .
3  2x 2  x
(a) Find f '(x).
(b) It is given that the slope of the straight line L is –16. Is the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at
x = 1 perpendicular to L? Explain your answer.

(1  3x 2 )(1  x)
97. Let y = .
5  2x
d dy
(a) (i) Find [(1  3x 2 )(1  x)] . (ii) Hence, find .
dx dx
d  1 x  dy
(b) (i) Find  . (ii) Hence, find .
dx  5  2 x  dx

98. It is given that

xn 1
1  x  x 2  ... x n  1  .......... (*)
x 1
where x  1 and n is a positive integer.
(a) By differentiating both sides of (*) with respect to x, prove that
(n  1) x n  nx n1  1
1  2 x  3x 2  ...  (n  1) x n  2  .
( x  1) 2
(b) Using the result of (a), find the value of 1 + 2(3) + 3(3)2 + … + 13(3)12.

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3.2 Differentiation of Composite Functions

dy
In each of the following, find . (1 – 10)
dx
1. y = u4, u = 2x + 1 2. y = u3, u = x2 + 4
1
3. y = u(u – 1), u = –x3 + 6x 4. y= , u = 6x – 5
u4
1 6
5. y= , u = 2x2 – x + 7 6. y= u,u=
u5 x
5 3 1
7. y= u, u = x +3 8. y= u,u=
5  3x
u 1 3 3
9. y= , u = x2 – 1 10. y = ,u=
u 2u 2 x

In each of the following,

(a) write the function in the form of y = f(u) and u = g(x),
dy
(b) find . (11 – 16)
dx
11. y = (x + 1)6 12. y = (5 + 4x – x2)5
1
13. y = 14. y = 8x  2
x9
2
 x6
15. y = 7(x3 + 5)–2 16. y =  
 x6

Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x. (17 – 44)

17. y = (10 – x)8 18. y = (x2 + 7)4
9
 1 
19. y = (–x2 + 5x + 3)6 20. y =  x 3  4  3 
 x 
1
21. y = (6x4 – 8x + 1)–3 22. y =
(8 x  5) 2
5
4  3x  7 
23. y = 24. y =  
( x3  3x 2  2)7  x 

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Chapter 3

1 7

25. y = x 3 26. y = 2 x 2

3 2
8 
27. y =  28. y = 2x 4 x 5
x
5 5

29. y = 4x 6 3 x 30. y = 7
x  3x
4 3

2 1 5 10
 1 3
31. y = x 3  2 x 2  x  4 32. y = 6 x 2  93 x  x
4
5 1
2x 2  6x 3  x2
33. y = x x  x3 5
34. y =
x2

4 x2  x6  2  4 
1
5 
35. y = 36. y = x 3x 3  x 2 
x  5 7 
 x 
7 1

37. y = (3 x  2) 2 38. y = (4 x  1) 4

5

39. y = 3( x 4  2 x  7) 3
40. y = x2 1

41. y = 5
x3  8 x  3 42. y = ( x 4  2)3

3 4
43. y = 44. y = 
2x  5
4
x  3x  1
2

dy dx
Find and in each of the following. (45 – 56)
dx dy
45. y = 7x + 2 46. y = 5 – 8x
5x  1 1
47. y = 48. y = 4 x 
2 4
49. y = –4(3x + 1) 50. y = x3 – 8
51. y = x2(9 – x) 52. y = x
1 9
53. y = 54. y =
x3 x6
6 4
55. y =  56. y =
x3 2x  7

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Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x. (57 – 76)

57. y = (2 – x)(3x + 8)4 58. y = (x – 9)2(2x – 5)3
3x
59. y = (1 – x) 1  x 60. y =
( x  5) 2
3 2
 x   1  2x 
61. y =   62. y =  
 8x  3   2x 1 
3
(3 x  5) 3  2x2  x 
63. y = 64. y =  3 
( x  8) 2  x 
2
 x2  1 
65. y =  
 66. y = x 2 x3  1
 x x 
3 5
67. y = (6x  1)(8 x  3) 4 68. y = (2 x  5) 3 (9  x) 2

( 4 x  7) 2 2 4  9x
69. y = 70. y =
x  x2
3 ( x 3  6)5

x3
71. y = ( x  8x 2  5 )6 72. y =
x3

73. y = x  1  x2 74. y = (1  3x)3  5 2x2  1

( x 3  x ) 2
75. y = 76. y = (5 – x)(6x + 7)2(x + 10)3
(5 x  4) 3

dy dx
Find and in each of the following. (77 – 88)
dx dy
77. x = (2y + 9)5 78. x = –(y4 + 2)7
79. x = (–2y5 + y3 – 1)6 80. x = (y + 7)(2y + 3)2
x7
81. y = 3  2 x  1 82. y =
x7
1 1 x
83. y = 84. y =
6x  5 1 x
2
85. x = 4y  7 86. x =
(1  y 3 ) 4

y6 y8
87. x = 88. x =
5y  3 3y2  4

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Chapter 3

x dy
89. Let y = . Use two methods to find .
4  x2 dx

90. Let f(x) = (x + k) 3x3  1, where k is a constant and f '(1) = 11.

(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Using the result of (a), find the value of f '(2).

91. Let f(x) = m(x – k)2 + g(x), where m is a constant. Prove that g(x) = x f '(k) + f(k) – k f '(k).

dy 3 y x6
92. Let y = x 3 4  x . Prove that =  .
dx x 2y

dy xy
93. Let y = 3
( x  2)(x  4) 2 . Prove that = .
dx ( x  2)(x  4)

dx
94. Let y = 5
3x  2 . Find in terms of y.
dy

1
 y 3 dy
95. Let x =   . Use two methods to find in terms of x.
 5y  4  dx

2
96. Let x = .
7 y
dy
(a) Find in terms of x.
dx
dy
(b) Hence, evaluate .
dx x2

97. Let y = x x 1 .
dx
(a) Find .
dy
dx
(b) Find the value of when x = 3.
dy

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 Differentiation

98. It is given that

(1  x) n  C 0n  C1n x  C 2n x 2  ...  C nn x n .......... (*)
where n is a positive integer.
By differentiating both sides of (*) with respect to x, find the value of
C1100  2C2100  3C3100  ...  100 C100
100
.

99. Consider the geometric sequence

1, (x – 1)3, (x – 1)6, (x – 1)9, … , (x – 1)3n, …
where 1 < x < 2 and n is a non-negative integer.
Let S(n) = 1 + (x – 1)3 + (x – 1)6 + (x – 1)9 + … + (x – 1)3n.
(a) Express S(∞) in terms of x.
a
[Hint: The sum to infinity of the geometric sequence a, ar, ar2, … is , where –1 < r < 1.]
1 r
3 6 9 3n
(b) Let T(n) = 2
 5  8  ... 3n 1 . Find the value of T(∞).
2 2 2 2

3.3 Differentiation of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Quick Check

Fill in the blanks. (1 – 6)

d x d 2x
1. (e ) = 2. (e ) =
dx dx
d 3x d
3. (e ) = 4. (ln x) =
dx dx
d d
5. (log x) = 6. (log7 2 x) =
dx dx

Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x. (1 – 40)

1. y = e3 2. y = e4x
x
3. y = e–x 4. y = e3
1 6 x
5. y = 5e2x 6. y= e
3

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Chapter 3

x

7. y =  4e 2 8. y = e3x + 1
1
9. y =  e2 x  7 10. y = e – e5x
2
x

11. y = e–6x – 6e 2 12. y = xe7x

13. y = x2e–5x 14. y = e–4x(2 – x2)

e6 x
15. y = (ex + 4x)3 16. y =
x
2x  7 x3
17. y = 18. y = 
ex e9 x
x
19. y = ln 6x 20. y = ln
4
21. y = 2 ln x – 3 ln 2x 22. y = ln (2x + 5)
23. y = ln x2 24. y = ln (4x2 – 9x + 2)
25. y = ln x(1 – x2) 26. y = ln x3(x + 5)2
1
27. y = ln 28. y = ln x
x
x
29. y = ln x 1 30. y = ln
2x  3
31. y = –x3 ln (6x + 7) 32. y = x ln x
33. y = log x 34. y = log4 2x
35. y = log x6 36. y = log 1 ( x  6)
4

e 1
37. y = log 2 38. y = log
x x
39. y = log2 (8x – 3) 40. y = x log 5x

Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x. (41 – 74)

1
41. y = e  x
42. y = e x + e–8x

e  x  e3 x
3
2
1
43. y = 44. y = e x  3 ex
3
45. y = xe ( 2 x  1) 46. y = (5x  e x )e3 x
3

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 Differentiation

x ex
47. y =  e e 48. y =
1 ex
2e x  1 e8 x
49. y = 50. y =
1  e x 5  x3
e x
2
7 x2
51. y = 2 x 52. y = 4 x
e 3 e 2
e2 x  e3 x 4
53. y = 54. y = ln
e3 x  e  2 x x 62

7
55. y = (ln 4x) 56. y = [ln (x4 + 4)]3
x 5x
57. y =  58. y = 
ln x (ln x)5
2x  7 2x
59. y = 60. y = log
(ln 2 x) 4 7x  4
1 log 4 x
61. y = log 62. y = 
(4 x  9)3 4x

63. y = x2 log5 4x3 64. y = log 1 x x

3

x 1 3x 2  4
65. y = log 1 66. y =
2 5x  2 log 3x 2  4

67. y = log ( 2 x  1  2 x  1) 68. y = log (ln x)

69. y = log5 (e5x – 1) 70. y = e2x ln (6x – 5)
4
 x 
e 5x  e4 
71. y = 72. y =  2 
ln 5 x  3  ln x 
 

2 e4 x
73. y = log 74. y =
3e x  1 ln 8 x

75. Let f(x) = e9k – x, where k is a constant.

(a) Find f '(x).
(b) If the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at x = –3 is perpendicular to the line x – y – 9 = 0, find
the value of k.

76. Let y = e3x log3 e3x. Prove that y' = 3e3x(log3 e)(1 + 3x).

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Chapter 3

x
 x
x x

77. Let y = ( x 3  e 5 ) log e x . Prove that y' =  4 x3  e 5  e 5  log e.
 5 
 

ln 2 x dx x (ln 2 x ) 2
78. Let y = . Prove that = .
ln 10 x dy y 2 ln 5

dx 2x
79. Let y = x e x . Prove that y = .
dy x 1

ln 9 x dx xe 9 x
80. Let y = . Prove that = .
e9 x dy 1  9 xye9 x

 k
81. Let f(x) =  x   ln x , where k is a constant.
 x
(a) Find f '(x). (b) If f '(1) = –3, find the value of k.

dy
82. Let y = e2x – 5ex – 3x. Find the range of the values of x such that  0.
dx

 ex 1  ex 1 
83. Let y = ln  .
 ex 1  ex 1 
 

ex  1  ex 1
(a) Rationalize the denominator of .
ex 1  ex 1
[Hint: Use the identity (a + b)(a – b)  a2 – b2.]
dx
(b) Prove that =  1  e2 x .
dy

5 dy 1
84. Consider u = 2 x
. It is given that = 2.
e 2x
e du u
du dx
(a) Find . (b) Find .
dx dy

x5
85. Let y = ln ( x 2  8 x  3) and u = .
ex
dy
(a) Find .
dx
dy dy
(b) (i) Find . (ii) Hence, evaluate .
du du x0

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 Differentiation

3.4 More about Differentiation

Using logarithmic differentiation, find the derivatives of the following functions with respect to x.
(1 – 20)
x
1. y = x3x 2. y = x4
3. y = x–2x 4. y = xx + 10
5. y = x5 – 2x 6. y = (3x)x
x 1
7. y = (2x)–x 8. y= 
6x  7
1 1
9. y= 10. y =
x (1  4 x ) x (3  2 x)
2

1 1
11. y = 12. y =
x(5 x  2) 2
( x  3)( x  6)
1 5
13. y = 14. y = e 4 x
(2 x  1)( x  4)
15. y = 5x 16. y = 37x + 1
17. y = 83x + 7 18. y = 79x – 4
1
x
8
19. y = 6 x 20. y = 2e

d2y
In each of the following, find . (21 – 34)
dx 2
21. y = 8x + 5 22. y = 4x2 + 6x + 9
23. y = –x4 + 2x3 – 5x + 10 24. y = x9 – 7x3 – 6x
1
25. y =  26. y = x4 – 3x–2
x
1
27. y = x–5 – 4x–3 + 2x–2 + x–1 – 6 28. y = x–4 + 3x–2 – 6x–1 + 7
4
1 5 2x 1
29. y = x 2   8 30. y =
3x 3
x x
31. y = (x + 3) 5
32. y = (2 – 5x)–4
1 2x
33. y = e–x 34. y = e
4

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 39

Chapter 3

Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x. (35 – 54)

36. y = x  x  4 x 6
2 3
35. y = x x
1 1
 x2 
37. y = x x 38. y = x x2

x
39. y = x e 40. y = x ln 6x
41. y = xlog x 42. y = 6 x  x

1 x 1
43. y = 44. y =
( x  8) (2 x 3  1)
5
( x  9)(3x  5)

( x  1)(2 x  9) x2  4
45. y = 46. y =
x3  3 (5 x  6) 2 (2 x  1)5
1 3x  2
47. y = 48. y =
(1  7 x)( x  2)( x  4 x  3)
2
( x  9) 8 x  3

49. y = 3 x  2 x 1
2
x
50. y = 4
51. y = 5ln 3x 52. y = 9log x
ex  2x
53. y = 54. y = (log4 x)4x
ex  2x

d2y
Find of each of the following functions. (55 – 66)
dx 2
3
55. y = x 56. y = e2x + 10
57. y = ln 5x 58. y = ln (x2 + 8)
59. y = log 2x 60. y = (2x + 7)(4 – x)7
x3
61. y = 62. y = 10  x 2
x6
e x
63. y = 64. y = x2 log2 x
e x  1
65. y = 4x 66. y = ex ln x

dy
67. Let y = a x
, where a is a constant with a > 0 and a  1. Find .
dx

40 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Differentiation

k
 2k d2y
68. Let y = e x , where k is a non-zero constant. Find .
dx 2

x dx
69. Let y = log a x a , where a is a constant with a > 0 and a  1. Find .
dy

70. Let f(x) = x4 + 5x3 – 7x + 10.

(a) Find f '(x).
(b) Hence, evaluate f ''(–2).

1 x
71. Let y = .
1 x
dy
(a) Find .
dx

d2y
(b) Hence, evaluate .
dx 2 x4

 d 2 y dy 
72. Let y = xex. Prove that x 2   – y = 0.
 dx dx 

d 2 y x ( 2 x  7) x4
73. Let y = 4x 2  1. Prove that y  = .
dx 2
y 2
2x 1

74. Let y = 2x3 + 6x2 – 18x – 9.

dy
(a) Find .
dx

dy d2y
(b) Find the value of x such that = 0 and > 0.
dx dx 2

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 41

Chapter 3

2
x x2  2x
75. Let y = ln x x  .
2
dy
(a) Find .
dx
dy d2y
(b) Find the value(s) of x such that = 0 and < 0.
dx dx 2

( x  1) 2
76. Let y = .
( x  3)(2 x  5)
dy
(a) Find using logarithmic differentiation.
dx
(b) Suppose y = 5u.
du
(i) Find in terms of y.
dy
du
(ii) Find in terms of x.
dx

77. Let f(x) = 3 x  x  x3  x 4  ...  x n

2
.
(a) Find f '(x).
(b) Evaluate f '(1) in terms of n.

2x d 2x dx
78. Let y = . Prove that 2 y 2  4 x = 0.
x 1 dy dy

Answer
Section 3.1 7. –1 8. –6e
Quick Check (p.26) 5
9. (a) 3 (b) –1,
1. (a) 3 (b) –1 3
1
(c) 1 (d) 0 10. (a)  (b) ±1
2
2. (a) 0 (b) 2x
(c) 24x7 (d) x4 11. –8 12. 4
3. C 13. 0 14. 0
15. 0 16. 4x3
Level 1 (p.26) 17. 7x6 18. –11x10
1. 5 2. –9 19. 4 20. 18x
1 21. –15x2 22. –48x5
3. 8 4. 
3 3
23. x 24. –4x9
1 1 2
5. 6.
6 3 25. 1 26. 5

42 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Differentiation

27. –2x 28. 6x2 24 8 70 19

78. 8  79.  +
29. 6x – 8 30. –2 – 2x x 2
x 3
x3 x2
31. 10x – 1 32. 3x2 + 9 3 21
80. 1 
33. 8x3 – 21x2 34. 18x2 – 10x4 x2 x4
1 81. (a) (x – 1)(x2 + x + 7)
35. x6 + 10x4 – 18x2 36. 2x5 – – 12x2
2 (b) 2x + 1
37. 2x + 7 38. 24x3 – 24x 82. (a) (x + 1)(3x2 + x + 4)
39. –18x5 + 18x2 – 6x 40. 2x + 3
1
41. 4x + 7 42. 20x – 41 (b) 6x + 1 +
( x  1) 2
43. 35x4 + 18x2 – 1 44. 18x5 + 30x4 + 4x3 + 6x2
8 x  4
1 6 83. (a) 8x + 4 (b)
45.  46. (2 x  1) 4
( x  1) 2
(2 x  1) 2

7 6 84. (a) 4x + 3 (b) 6x2 + 14x + 7

47. 48. 
(7  x ) 2 (3  x) 2 85. (a) 3x2 – 2x – 5 (b) 4x3 + 9x2 – 18x – 15
20 2  20x 2  28x  5
49.  50. 86. 90x2 + 74x – 10 87.
x5 3x 4 (4 x 2  1) 2
5 8
51.  52. 88. 
1
89. 8
x6 x5 64
8 3 30
53. 54.   1 1
x2 x4 x7 90. 0, 2 91. ,
3 5
20 18 4 20
55.  11  7  9 56.   1 92. –1 93. 49
x x x9 x6
3(2x  1)
3 10 18 1 9 10 94. (a) (b) yes
57.  2  3 4 58.   x4
x x x x2 x4 x6
1 2 24 2 3 x
59. 3+ + 60. 12x5 – + 95. (a) (b) yes
2x3 x2 x 4
3x 3 2
 8 x 2  24
96. (a)
Level 2 (p.28) (3  2 x ) 2 ( 2  x ) 2
61. 8x3 + 3x2 + 6x – 1 (b) no
62. –30x5 + 36x3 – 15x2 – 8x + 4 97. (a) (i) –(3x – 1)2
11 7 2
63. 64. + 30 x  39 x 2  12 x 3  7
( x  3) 2 x2 x3 (ii)
(5  2 x) 2
15 16
65. – + 2 +3 66. –8(1 – 4x) 7
x4 x (b) (i) 
67. (4x – 10)(2 – 5x + x2) (5  2 x) 2
 2x3  2  8 x 2  40 x 30 x  39 x 2  12 x 3  7
68. 69. (ii)
( x  2)3 2
( 2 x  5) 2
(5  2 x) 2
4x 12 x 2  20 x  8 98. (b) 9 964 519
70.  71. 
( x  1) 2 2
(3 x  2 )
2 2

8 x 4  37 x 2  5 24x Section 3.2

72.  73.
( x 3  5 x) 2 ( x 2  36) 2 Level 1 (p.31)
16x  36 x 2  14x  21 1. 8(2x + 1)3 2. 6x(x2 + 4)2
74. 75.
( x  2) 2 (2 x  5) 2 ( x  7) 2 3. 3(–2x3 + 12x – 1)(–x2 + 2)

x 2  8x  2 24 5(4 x  1)
76. 77. 4x –
1 4.  5. 
4( x  2) 2 2
x 2 (6 x  5) 5 ( 2 x 2  x  7) 6

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 27

Chapter 3

3 1 4 1 7 5
6.  7. 1 2  21
3 4 36. 7x 3  x  2x 5 37. (3 x  2) 2
2 2
6x 2 5( x  3) 5
5
4 
 x ( x 2  2) 38.  (4 x  1) 4
8. (5  3x) 3 9. 3
8
(x 2
 1) 2 
39.  10( x 4  2 x  7) 3 (2 x 3  1)
9 x
10. 40.
(2x  1) 2
x 1
2
11. (a) y = u6, u = x + 1 (b) 6(x + 1)5
4
1 3 
12. (a) y = u5, u = 5 + 4x – x2 41. ( x  8 x  3) 5 (3 x 2  8)
(b) 10(5 + 4x – x2)4(2 – x) 5
1 3
1 1 
13. (a) y = , u = x + 9 (b)  42. 6 x3 ( x 4  2) 2 43.  12x3 (2 x 4  5) 2
u ( x  9) 2

2(2 x  3) dy dx 1
14. (a) y = u , u = 8x – 2 44. 3
45. = 7, =
dx dy 7
4 ( x 2  3x  1) 2
(b)
8x  2 dy dx 1 dy 5 dx 2
46. = –8, = 47. = , =
15. (a) y= 7u–2,
u= +5 x3 dx dy 8 dx 2 dy 5
(b) –42x (x + 5)–3
2 3
dy dx 1 dy dx 1
48. = 4, = 49. = –12, =
x6 24x  144 dx dy 4 dx dy 12
16. (a) y = u2, u = (b)
x6 ( x  6) 3 dy dx 1
50. = 3x2, =
17. –8(10 – x)7 18. 8x(x2 + 7)3 dx dy 3 x 2
19. 6(–x2 + 5x + 3)5(–2x + 5) dy dx 1
51. = 18x – 3x2, =
8 dx dy 18x  3 x 2
 1   1 
20. 27 x 3  4  3   x 2  4 
 x   x  dy 1 dx
52. = , =2 x
dx 2 x dy
21. –24(6x4 – 8x + 1)–4(3x3 – 1)
16 84( x 2  2 x) dy 3 dx x4
22.  23.  53. = 4 , =
(8 x  5) 3 ( x  3x  2)
3 2 8 dx x dy 3
2 dy 9 dx ( x  6) 2
35(3x  7) 4 1 3 54. = , =
24. 25. x dx ( x  6) 2 dy 9
x6 3


9

3 dy 6 dx ( x  3)2
55. = , =
26.  7x 2 27. 4x 2 dx ( x  3) dy
2 6
1 7 1 1
  10  6 3  2
3

2
x  x dy 8 dx ( 2 x  7) 2
28. x 4 x 5 29. 56. = , =
2 5 3 2 dx (2 x  7) 2 dy 8
3 8 1 1
4 7  2 3 
30. x  5x 3 31. x  x 2  4x 5
7 3 Level 2 (p.33)
7 2 7 57. (3x + 8)3(–15x + 16)
  5
32.  15x 2  3x 3  x3 58. 2(x – 9)(2x – 5)2(5x – 32)
6
1
3 3( x  5)
1 3 x 5 x 3 59.  (1  x) 2 60. 
33.   2 ( x  5) 3
2 x 2 2
9(8 x  3) 2 8(1  2 x)

1

8 1
11 
9 3 61. 62. 
5 4
(2 x  1)3
34. x 2  10x 3  4x 35. 6x 2  x2  x 2 x
2

28 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Differentiation

3
(3x  5)2 (3x  82)
63. 64. 2x(2x – 1)2(5x – 1) dy 3 dx (6 x  5) 2
( x  8) 3
83. = , =
dx 3 dy 3
x 2 ( x 2  3) 5x3  1 (6 x  5) 2
65.  66.
( x 2  1) 3 2x3  1 dy 1 dx
84. = , = (1  x)3 1  x
84 x  12 dx (1  x) 1  x
3 dy
67. 1
(8 x  3) 4 dy 4 y  7 dx 2
85. = , =
3
dx 2 dy 4y  7
1
68. (2 x  5)  4 (9  x) 2 (2 x  133)
2 dy (1  y 3 )5 dx 24 y 2
86. = , =
dx 24 y 2 dy (1  y 3 ) 5
(4 x  7)(4 x 3  21x 2  12x  39)
69. 3
dy (5 y  3)2 dx 33
2( x 3  x  2) 2 87. = , =
dx 33 dy (5 y  3)2
261x 3  120x 2  54
70. dy (3 y 2  4)2
4  9 x ( x 3  6) 6 88. = 7 ,
dx 2 y (3 y  4)(3 y  4)
 
6( x  8x2  5 )5 1  
8x dx 2 y 7 (3 y  4)(3 y  4)
71.
  =
 8x  5 
2
dy (3 y 2  4)2
3 3
72.  
x  3 ( x  3) 3 89. 4(4  x 2 ) 2

90. (a) 3 (b) 23

 
73.
11  x  5y 4
12x 2
  94. 95. 
2 x  1 x 2  1  x2  3 (5 x3  1)2

1  3 x (114x 2  8 x  45) 96. (a)

8
(b) 1
74.
10 5 (2 x 2  1) 4 x3

 45x 3  24x 2  25x  8 4 x 1 x x 1

75. 97. (a)
3x  2
( x  x) (5 x  4)
3 3 4

76. (6x + 7)(x + 10)2(–36x2 – 58x + 635) 8 6

(b)
dy 1 dx 11
77. = , = 10(2y + 9)4 98. 0
dx 10(2 y  9)4 dy
1 48
dy 1 dx 99. (a) (b)
78. = , = –28y3(y4 + 2)6 1  ( x  1)3 49
dx 28 y ( y  2)
3 4 6 dy

dy 1
79. = , Section 3.3
dx 6(2y5  y3  1)5 (10y 4  3y 2 )
Quick Check (p.35)
dx
= 6(–2y5 + y3 – 1)5(–10y4 + 3y2) 1. ex 2. 2e2x 3. –3e–3x
dy
1 1 1
dy 1 dx 4. 5. 6.
80. = , = (2y + 3)(6y + 31) x x ln 10 x ln 7
dx (2 y  3)(6 y  31) dy
dy 1dx Level 1 (p.35)
81. = =  x 1
,
dx x 1 dy 1. 0 2. 4e4x
x
dy 14 dx ( x  7) 2 1 3
82. = , = 3. –e–x 4. e
dx ( x  7) 2 dy 14 3
5. 10e2x 6. –2e–6x

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 29

Chapter 3


x
2e x  e x  4 e8 x (40  8 x3  3x 2 )
7. 2e 2 8. 3e3x + 1 49. x 2
50.
(1  e ) (5  x3 )2
9. –e2x – 7 10. –5e5x
x
14xe2 x (1  x)  42x
 51.
11.  6e6 x  3e 2 12. e7x(7x + 1) (e2 x  3)2
 2e4 x  x ( x  2)  4 xe x
2 2
13. xe–5x(2 – 5x) 14. 2e–4x(2x2 – x – 4)
52.
e6 x (6 x  1) (e4 x  2)2
15. 3(ex + 4x)2(ex + 4) 16.
x2 10e x x
53.  54. 
2 x 2
9  2x 3x  9 x2 3 (e 3x
e ) x 6
2
17. x
18.  9x
e e 7(ln 4 x)6 12x3[ln ( x 4  4)]2
1 1 55. 56.
19. 20. x x4  4
x x
ln x  1 5(ln x  5)
2 3 2 57.  58. 
21.  22. (ln x)2 (ln x)6
x x 2x  5
2 8x  9 2[ x ln 2 x  2(2 x  7)]
23. 24. 59.
x 4x2  9x  2 x(ln 2 x)5
1  3x 2 5 x  15 4 12
25. 26. 60. 61. 
x(1  x 2 ) x( x  5) x(7 x  4) ln 10 (4 x  9) ln 10
1 1
27.  28. 1 log 4 x 3x
x 2x 62.  2
 2
63.  2 x log5 4 x3
4 x ln 10 4x ln 5
1 3
29. 30.
2( x  1) x(2 x  3) 3 5x  1
64.  65. 
3 2 x ln 3 2( x  1)(5x  2) ln 2
6x
31.   3x 2 ln (6 x  7)
6x  7 6 x ln 10 log 3x 2  4  3x
2  ln x 1 66.
32. 33. ln 10 (log 3x2  4 )2
2 x x ln 10
1 6 1
34. 35. 67. 
x ln 4 x ln 10 ln 10 (2 x  1)(2 x  1)
1 1
36. 37.  1 5e5 x
 2( x  6) ln 2 x ln 2 68. 69.
x ln x ln 10 (e 5x
 1) ln 5
1 8
38.  39.
2 x ln 10 (8x  3) ln 2 6e2 x
70.  2e2 x ln (6 x  5)
1 6x  5
40.  log 5x
ln 10 e5 x [5 x(ln 5 x  3)  1]
71.
x(ln 5 x  3)2
Level 2 (p.36)
e x ( x ln x 2  8) 3e x
 x 1 72. 73. 
41. 
e
42. 
1
ex  8e8 x x(ln x 2 )5 2(3e x  1) ln 10
2
2 x x
x
e2 x (4 x ln 8 x  1)
74.
1
 x2e x  e3x 2 xe x 1  e 3
3 2 3
43. 44.
3 2 x(ln 8 x) 2
e(2 x 1) (24x3  24x 2  6 x  1)
3
45. 1
75. (a) –e9k – x (b) 
 1  3
46. 5e 3 x (1  3x)    3 e x  3x
2 x  1 ln x k (1  2 ln x )
81. (a)  
e x  x e x 2 x 2 x 2x 2
47. e 48.
(1  e x )2 (b) –7

30 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Differentiation

82. x  ln 3

83. (a) e x  e2 x  1 Level 2 (p.40)

2
1
2 x 35. xx (2 ln x  1)
10(e 2x
e )
84. (a) 
(e 2 x  e  2 x ) 2 xx  4x  7
3
36. [(3x 2  4) x ln x  x 3  4 x  6]
5 1
(b)  2x
 2
2(e 2x
e ) 37. x x (1  ln x)

x4 x2 
1
3
85. (a)
38. x x2 [ x4  (2 x 4  2) ln x  1]
( x 2  8x  3) ln ( x 2  8x  3)
x 1
(b) (i) ex 39. e x xe  ln x   40. xln 6x – 1(ln x + ln 6x)
  x
( x 2  8x  3) ln ( x 2  8x  3)
3x  x
(2  ln x)
(ii) 
1 41. 2xlog x – 1 log x 42. 
3 ln 3 x

 16x  48x  5
3 2
 3x  6 x  67
2
43. 44.
Section 3.4 ( x  8) (2 x  1)6 3 2
( x  9)2 (3x  5)2
Level 1 (p.39) 2 x 4  22x 3  27 x 2  12x  33
45. 
1 4
x
( x 3  3) 2
1. 3x3x(ln x + 1) 2. x (ln x  1)
4
 50x3  36x 2  292x  200
3. –2x–2x(ln x + 1) 4. xx + 9(x ln x + x + 10) 46.
(5 x  6)3 (2 x  1)6
–
5. x4 2x(–2x ln x – 2x + 5)
6. (3x)x(ln 3x + 1) 7. –(2x)–x(ln 2x + 1) 28x 3  123x 2  58x  47
47.
1 8x  1 (1  7 x) 2 ( x  2) 2 ( x 2  4 x  3) 2
8.  9.
( 6 x  7) 2 x 2 (1  4 x) 2  12x 2  132x  159
48. 3
6(1  x) 15x  2
10.  11.  ( x  9)2 (8 x  3) 2
x 3 (3  2 x) 2 x 2 (5x  2)3
3 x  2 x 1
2

3  2x 4x  7 49. (2 x  2) ln 3
12. 13. 
( x  3) 2 ( x  6) 2 (2 x  1) 2 ( x  4) 2 x
5ln3 x ln 5
4 ln 4
5
50. 51.
14. 20x 4e4 x 15. 5x ln 5 2 x x
16. (7 ln 3) 37x + 1 17. 3(83x + 7) ln 8 9logx ln 9 2(2e) x (ln 2  1)
52. 53.
1 x ln 10 (e x  2 x ) 2
6 x ln 6
18. 9(79x – 4) ln 7 19.  
x2 4 
54. (log4 x) 4 x 4 ln (log4 x)  
x
8  ln x 
20. 2e e x ln 2 21. 0
5
22. 8 23. –12x2 + 12x 2 3
55.  x 56. 4e2x + 10
2 9
24. 72x7 – 42x 25. 
x3 1  2 x 2  16
57.  58.
26. 12x2 – 18x–4 x2 ( x 2  8) 2
27. 30x–7 – 48x–5 + 12x–4 + 2x–3 1
28. 5x–6 + 18x–4 – 12x–3 59.  60. (112x + 182)(4 – x)5
x 2 ln 10
4 10 2
29. 2  30.
x5 x3 x3 2 x3  36x 2  216x 10
61. 62. 
31. 20(x + 3)3 32. 500(2 – 5x)–6 ( x  6) 3 3
(10  x 2 ) 2
33. e–x 34. e2x

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Chapter 3

e x (e x  1) 3  2 ln x
63. 64.
(e x  1)3 ln 2

e x (2 x  1  x 2 ln x)
65. 4x(ln 4)2 66.
x2
x
a ln a
67.
2 x

[(k 2  k ) x k  2  k 2 x 2k  2 ]e x  2k
k
68.
x ln a
69.
a (1  x ln a ln x)
x

70. (a) 4x3 + 15x2 – 7 (b) –12

1 5
71. (a) (b) 
x (1  x ) 2 16
74. (a) 6x2 + 12x – 18 (b) 1
1
75. (a) (ln x)(2x – 1) (b)
2
( x  1)(15x  41)
76. (a)
( x  3)2 (2 x  5)2
1
(b) (i)
y ln 5
15x  41
(ii)
(ln 5)(x  1)(x  3)(2 x  5)

3x  x  x 3  ...  x n
(ln 3)(1  2 x  3x 2  ...  nx n  1 )
2
77. (a)

n(n  1) 3n ln 3
(b)
2

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