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AS
PHYSICS
Paper 2

Friday 15 May 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
You are advised to spend about
For this paper you must have: 35 minutes on Section C
• a pencil and a ruler
• a scientific calculator For Examiner’s Use
• a Data and Formulae Booklet. Question Mark
1
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 2
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 3
• Answer all questions.
4
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. 5–34
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of TOTAL
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
• Show all your working.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.
• A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert.

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Section A box

Answer all questions in this section.

0 1 A student places a transparent semicircular block on a sheet of paper and draws

around the block. She directs a ray of light at the centre of the flat edge of the block.

Figure 1 shows the path of the ray through the block.

Figure 1

0 1 . 1 State why the emergent ray does not change direction as it leaves the block.
[1 mark]

0 1 . 2 The student draws an arrow on the paper to mark the incident ray. She marks the
path of the emergent ray with crosses A, B and C.

She removes the block from the paper and places a protractor over the outline of the
block, as shown in Figure 2.

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Determine, using Figure 2, the refractive index of the block.

[4 marks]

refractive index =

Question 1 continues on the next page

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The student uses a different method to determine the refractive index of the block. box

She focuses a travelling microscope on some dots on a sheet of paper for each of the
three situations shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

Table 1 shows the readings made by the student.

Table 1

R0 / mm R1 / mm R2 / mm

5.74 10.31 20.02

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0 1 . 3 The refractive index n of the block is given by box

R2 − R0
n=
R2 − R1

Determine n.
[1 mark]

n=

0 1 . 4 The absolute uncertainty in each of the readings R0, R1 and R2 is 0.04 mm.

State the absolute uncertainty in R2 – R0.

[1 mark]

absolute uncertainty in R2 – R0 = mm

0 1 . 5 The absolute uncertainty in R2 – R1 is the same as the absolute uncertainty in R2 – R0.

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in n.

[3 marks]

percentage uncertainty in n = % 10

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DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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0 2 Figure 4 shows a circuit used by a student to determine the emf and the internal box

resistance of a cell.

The cell is connected to a switch, a fixed resistor and a variable resistor.

When the switch is closed, a voltmeter measures the potential difference V across the
cell.
An ammeter measures the current I in the circuit.

Readings of V and I are taken as the resistance of the variable resistor is changed
from zero to its maximum value.

Figure 4

0 2 . 1 Explain why the student included the fixed resistor in this circuit.
[2 marks]

Question 2 continues on the next page

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Figure 5 is a graph of the data recorded for this experiment. box

Figure 5

0 2 . 2 Determine the magnitude of the minimum gradient Gmin of a line that passes through
all the error bars in Figure 5.
[3 marks]

magnitude of Gmin =

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0 2 . 3 The maximum gradient Gmax / V A−1 of a line passing through all the error bars in box

Figure 5 is –1.3

Determine, using Gmax and Gmin, the internal resistance of the cell.
[2 marks]

internal resistance = Ω

0 2 . 4 The line of best fit passes through the data point (0.94, 0.37).

Determine the emf of the cell.

[3 marks]

emf = V 10

END OF SECTION A

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Section B box

Answer all questions in this section.

0 3 Figure 6 shows a camera filming a sports event from above. The position of the
camera is controlled by two steel cables, A and B, that pass over fixed, smooth
pulleys.

Figure 6

0 3 . 1 In Figure 6 the camera is stationary. The tension in A is 430 N and A makes an

angle of 35° to the horizontal. B makes an angle of 12° to the horizontal.

Calculate the tension in B.

[2 marks]

tension in B = N

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0 3 . 2 The cross-sectional area of A is 7.0 × 10−6 m2. The unstretched length of A is 150 m. box

Calculate the extension of A when the tension in it is 430 N.

Young modulus of steel = 210 GPa

[2 marks]

extension = m

0 3 . 3 The camera is moved horizontally to the right to a new stationary position.

The tension in A is now different from that in Figure 6.

Deduce whether the tension in A has increased or decreased.

[3 marks]

Question 3 continues on the next page

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0 3 . 4 The camera’s signal is transmitted as a series of pulses through an optical fibre. box

Table 2 shows data for two optical fibres X and Y. Both optical fibres are identical
except for their core diameter.

Table 2

Optical fibre Core diameter / μm

X 8

Y 50

Deduce which fibre allows a greater pulse transmission rate.

[3 marks]

10

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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0 4 Scintillation counters are used to detect beta particles. A scintillation counter consists box

of a scintillation material and a photomultiplier tube (PMT).

0 4 . 1 Beta particles collide with atoms in the scintillation material, which emits photons of
light as a result.

Explain how photons are produced by collisions between beta particles and atoms.
[2 marks]

0 4 . 2 A photon of light from the scintillation material enters the PMT, as shown in Figure 7.
The front of the PMT contains a thin photocathode. The photon strikes the
photocathode to release an electron.

Figure 7

The longest wavelength of light that releases an electron from this photocathode is
630 nm.

Calculate the minimum photon energy required to remove an electron from the
photocathode.
[2 marks]

minimum photon energy = J

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0 4 . 3 The PMT consists of an evacuated glass tube containing the photocathode, an anode box

and three metal electrodes, as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8

The electrodes, anode and photocathode are connected to a potential divider

consisting of four identical resistors R. The emf of the electrical supply is 3.0 kV.

The potential difference between the photocathode and the first electrode accelerates
the electron along the path shown in Figure 8.

Calculate, in J, the maximum kinetic energy transferred to the electron when it

accelerates from the photocathode to the first electrode.
[2 marks]

maximum kinetic energy = J

Question 4 continues on the next page

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0 4 . 4 The electron hits the first electrode and causes the release of several electrons. box

Figure 9 shows how a series of accelerations and collisions produces a large number
of electrons. These electrons hit the anode and produce a pulse of current in an
ammeter.

Figure 9

Figure 10 shows the variation of current in the ammeter with time due to this pulse.

Figure 10

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Determine the number of electrons that flow through the ammeter. box

[4 marks]

number of electrons = 10

END OF SECTION B

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Section C box

Each of Questions 05 to 34 is followed by four responses, A, B, C and D.

For each question select the best response.

Only one answer per question is allowed.

For each question, completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.

You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not be marked.
Do not use additional sheets for this working.

0 5 Which row shows SI unit prefixes in order of smallest value to largest value?
[1 mark]

Smallest Largest

A p n c μ

B p n μ c

C n p c μ

D n p μ c

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0 6 Which diagram represents electron capture? box

[1 mark]

A B

C D

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0 7 x 206
81Tl decays 82Pb
box
to by a series of four radioactive decays.

Each decay involves the emission of either a single α particle or a single β− particle.

What is x?
[1 mark]

A 207

B 209

C 210

D 212

0 8 What is the number of up quarks and down quarks in a 94Be nucleus?

[1 mark]

Number of Number of
up quarks down quarks

A 11 16

B 13 14

C 14 13

D 16 11

0 9 Which decay of a positive kaon (K+) particle is possible?

[1 mark]

A K+ → π0 + e+ + v e

B K+ → p + vμ

C K+ → π+ + π+ + π0

D K+ → μ+ + vμ

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1 0 The diagram shows four energy levels of an atom drawn to scale. box

These energy levels give rise to part of an emission spectrum.

Which pattern of lines will be observed from these energy levels?

[1 mark]

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1 1 A particle has a kinetic energy of Ek and a de Broglie wavelength of . box

What is the de Broglie wavelength when the particle has a kinetic energy of 4Ek?
[1 mark]

A
2

B
2

C 2

D 2

1 2 A wave travels along a water surface.

The variation with time of the displacement of a water particle at the surface is shown.

What properties of the wave are represented by w and z?

[1 mark]

w z

A phase frequency

B amplitude wavelength

C wavelength phase

D amplitude period

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1 3 Two points on a progressive wave are out of phase by 0.41 rad. box

What is this phase difference?

[1 mark]

A 23°

B 47°

C 74°

D 148°

1 4 Light of wavelength is incident normally on two parallel slits of separation s.

Fringes of spacing w are seen on a screen at a distance D from the slits.

Which row gives another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of w?

[1 mark]

Distance between slits

Wavelength Slit separation and screen

A 2 2s 2D

B 2 4s 2D

C 2 2s 4D

D 4 2s 2D

1 5 A narrow beam of monochromatic light is incident normally to a diffraction grating.

The first-order diffracted beam makes an angle of 20° with the normal to the grating.

What is the highest order visible with this grating at this wavelength?
[1 mark]

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 5

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1 6 The speed of light decreases by 40% when it travels from air into a transparent medium. box

What is the refractive index of the medium?

[1 mark]

A 0.6

B 1.4

C 1.7

D 2.5

1 7 Which row describes charge and impulse?

[1 mark]

Charge Impulse

A scalar scalar

B scalar vector

C vector scalar

D vector vector

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1 8 An object is in equilibrium when acted on by three coplanar forces. box

Which free-body diagram is correct?

Each diagram is drawn to scale.

[1 mark]

A B

C D

1 9 Which quantity is represented by the area under a force–time graph?

[1 mark]

A average power

B elastic strain energy stored

C momentum change

D work done

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2 0 Each diagram shows two horizontal forces acting on a solid square object seen from box

above.

All the forces have the same magnitude.

A B

C D

Which system produces a couple about any point inside the object?
[1 mark]

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2 1 A uniform metre ruler of weight 2.0 N is freely pivoted at the 70 cm mark. box

A student holds the ruler in a horizontal position and suspends a 5.0 N weight from the
100 cm end.

What is the magnitude of the resultant moment when the student releases the ruler?
[1 mark]

A 0.15 N m

B 0.19 N m

C 1.1 N m

D 1.9 N m

Turn over for the next question

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2 2 The diagram shows how the speed v of an object varies with time t. box

Which graph shows the variation of distance s with t for the object?
[1 mark]

A B

C D

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2 3 Two ball bearings X and Y are projected from horizontal ground at the same time. box

X has mass 2m and is projected vertically upwards with speed u.

Y has mass m and is projected at 30° to the horizontal with speed 2u.

Air resistance is negligible.

Which statement is correct?

[1 mark]

A X and Y have the same initial momentum.

B X and Y reach their maximum heights at different times.

C The maximum height reached by Y is half that reached by X.

D X and Y reach the ground at the same time.

2 4 Which row is true for an elastic collision between two objects in an isolated system?
[1 mark]

Kinetic energy Momentum

A conserved conserved

B not conserved conserved

C conserved not conserved

D not conserved not conserved

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

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2 5 The drag force on a boat is kv2, where v is the speed and k = 64 kg m−1. box

The boat’s engine has a useful power output of 8000 W.

What is the maximum speed of the boat?

[1 mark]

A 0.2 m s−1

B 5 m s−1

C 11 m s−1

D 125 m s−1

2 6 A tensile force F1 causes a wire to stretch to length x1.

When the tensile force is increased to F2 the length of the wire is x2 .

The wire obeys Hooke’s Law.

What is the additional energy stored in the wire as the length increases from x1 to x2?
[1 mark]

A F1 + F2 x2 − x1
×
2 2

B F1 + F2 x2 + x1
×
2 2

C F1 + F2
× ( x2 − x1 )
2

D F1 + F2
× ( x2 + x1 )
2

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2 7 Which is a force–extension graph for a brittle material? box

[1 mark]

A B

C D

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2 8 The table shows corresponding values of potential difference V and current I for four box

electrical components A, B, C and D.

A B C D

V/V I/A I/A I/A I/A

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3

4 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6

6 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.9

8 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.1

10 2.1 1.5 2.0 1.3

12 2.8 1.8 2.4 1.4

Which component is an ohmic conductor with the greatest resistance?

[1 mark]

2 9 Which row shows the resistances of an ideal ammeter and an ideal voltmeter?
[1 mark]

Ideal ammeter Ideal voltmeter

A infinite infinite

B infinite zero

C zero infinite

D zero zero

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3 0 The capacity of a portable charger is rated in ampere hours (A h). box

A charger of capacity 1 A h can provide 1 A for 1 hour at its working voltage.

One charger has a capacity of 1800 mA h at a working voltage of 3.7 V.

What is the energy stored in this charger?

[1 mark]

A 6.5 kJ

B 24 kJ

C 400 kJ

D 24 MJ

3 1 A filament lamp with resistance 12 Ω is operated at a power of 36 W.

How much charge flows through the filament lamp during 15 minutes?
[1 mark]

A 26 C

B 1.6 kC

C 2.7 kC

D 6.5 kC

Turn over for the next question

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3 2 A resistor with resistance R is made from metal wire of resistivity . box

The length of the wire is L.

What is the diameter of the wire?

[1 mark]

A 2 R
L

B 2 L
R

C L
2
R

D R
2
L

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3 3 The potential difference between points X and Y is V. box

What is the potential difference between P and Q?

[1 mark]

A zero

V
B
3

V
C
2

2V
D
3

Turn over for the next question

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3 4 The diagram shows a temperature-sensing circuit. box

The temperature of the thermistor is decreased.

Which row shows the changes to the ammeter reading and the voltmeter reading?
[1 mark]

Ammeter reading Voltmeter reading

A increases increases

B increases decreases

C decreases decreases

D decreases increases 30

END OF QUESTIONS

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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