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Problems Set 1

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53 views

Problems Set 1

Uploaded by

inyourareab789
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Problem Set-1 (Assignment submit by 16-10-2024,

5:00PM)

1. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of a free electron with an energy of 1000 eV. Compare
the result with the wavelength of an X-ray, which also has the same amount of energy.
2
2. Normalize the wave function 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 −𝜎𝑥 , 𝐴 and 𝜎 are constants over the domain
−∞ ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ∞.
1 𝜕2 𝜓 𝜕2 𝜓
3. For a particle of mass 𝑚, Schrodinger initially arrived at the wave equation 𝑐 2 𝜕𝑡 2 = −
𝜕𝑥 2
𝑚2 𝑐 2
𝜓. Show that a plane wave solution of this equation is consistent with the relativistic
ℏ2
energy momentum relation.
4. 𝜙1 and 𝜙2 are normalized eigenfunctions corresponding to the same eigenvalue. If
∗
∫ 𝜙1 𝜙2 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑑, where 𝑑 is real, find normalised linear combinations of 𝜙1 and 𝜙2 that are
orthogonal to
(𝑎)𝜙1 (𝑏) 𝜙1 + 𝜙2
5. An operator 𝐴, corresponding to an observable 𝛼, has two normalised eigenfunction 𝜙1 and
𝜙2 , with eigenvalues 𝑎1 and 𝑎2 . An operator 𝐵, corresponding to an observable 𝛽, has two
normalised eigenfunction 𝜒1 and 𝜒2 , with eigenvalues 𝑏1 and 𝑏2 . The eigenfunctions are
related by 𝜙1 = (2 𝜒1 + 3𝜒2 )/√13, 𝜙2 = (3 𝜒1 − 2𝜒2 )/√13. 𝛼 is measured and the
value 𝑎1 is obtained. If 𝛽is then measured and 𝛼 again, find the probability of obtaining
𝑎1 in a second time.
∞ 𝜋
6. Calculate the expression involving Dirac’s Delta function: ∫−∞ cos(6𝑥)𝛿 (𝑥 − 6 ) 𝑑𝑥

7. Consider a one-dimensional particle which moves along the x-axis and whose Hamiltonian
𝜕2
is 𝐻 = −𝜀 𝜕𝑥 2 + 16𝜀𝑥 2 , where 𝜀 is a real constant having the dimensions of energy. Is
2
𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 , where 𝐴 is a normalization constant that needs to be found, an
eigenfunction of 𝐻 ? If yes, find the energy eigenvalue.
8. Calculate the probability of finding the particle anywhere along the negative x-axis.
9. Consider a one-dimensional particle which is confined within the region 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 and
𝜋
whose wavefunction is Ψ(𝑥, 𝑡) = sin (𝑎 𝑥) 𝑒 −𝑖𝜔𝑡 .
(a) Find the potential 𝑉(𝑥).
(b) Calculate the probability of finding the particle in the interval 𝑎⁄4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3𝑎⁄4.
10. The wave function of a 1-D system is 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑥 𝑛 𝑒 −𝑥⁄𝑎 , where 𝐴, 𝑎 and 𝑛 are constants.
If 𝜓(𝑥) is an eigenfunction of the Schrodinger equation. Find the condition on 𝑉(𝑥) for the
energy eigenvalue 𝐸 = −ℏ2 ⁄2𝑚𝑎2 . Also find the value of 𝑉(𝑥).
𝑖𝑝𝑥
1 +∞
11. The simple wave packet is given by 𝜓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑎(𝑝) 𝑒 ℏ 𝑑𝑝, where 𝑎(𝑝) =
√2𝜋ℏ −∞
1⁄4
𝜎2 2 𝜎 2 /(2ℏ2 )
(𝜋ℏ02 ) 𝑒 −(𝑝−𝑝0 ) 0 and prove the uncertainty relation.
12. If the position of an 5𝑘𝑒𝑉 electron is located within 2Å, what is the percentage uncertainty
in its momentum?
13. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two operators which commute with their commutator [𝐴, 𝐵], prove that
[𝐴, 𝐵 𝑛 ] = 𝑛𝐵 𝑛−1 [𝐴, 𝐵].

14. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two operators which commute with their commutator [𝐴, 𝐵], prove that
1
[𝐴,𝐵]
𝑒 𝐴 𝑒 𝐵 = 𝑒 𝐴+𝐵+2 .

15. Prove the expectation value of the momentum, i.e.


+∞
𝜕
〈𝑝〉 = ∫ 𝜓 ∗ (−𝑖ℏ ) 𝜓 𝑑𝑥.
𝜕𝑥
−∞

𝑑〈𝑥〉
Hint: Start with 〈𝑣〉 = .
𝑑𝑡

16. Write the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a free particle in the momentum space
and obtain the form of the wave function.

17. For the one-dimensional motion of a particle of mass m in a potential V(x), prove the
following relations:
𝑑〈𝑥〉 〈𝑝𝑥 〉 𝑑〈𝑝𝑥 〉 𝑑𝑉
= ; = −〈 〉
𝑑𝑡 𝑚 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
Explain the physical significance of these results.

18. A particle of mass m moves in a three-dimensional box of sides a, b, c. If the potential is


zero inside and infinity outside the box, find the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.

19. Consider a particle of mass m in the one-dimensional short-range potential 𝑉(𝑥) =


−𝑉0 𝛿(𝑥), 𝑉0 > 0, where 𝛿(𝑥) is the Dirac delta function. Find the energy of the system.

20. Obtain the expressions for 𝐿+ , 𝐿− and 𝐿2 in the spherical polar coordinates.

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