ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 10, Issue 1, October 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

Application of Mathematics in Computer Science

Dr. Dhiraj Yadav
Department of Mathematics
Government College for Women, Rewari, Haryana, India
dhiraj1339@gmail.com

Abstract: No one escape the learning of mathematics in one way or other, ranging from our
kitchen to our journey from earth to Moon or Mars. Mathematics persists everywhere around
us. It can be perceived in our garden or park from symmetry of leaves, flowers, fruits etc. and
by so many examples of Geometry and symmetry can be seen in nature. God used mathematics
in creation of the universe in one form or the other. Likewise, Mathematics is the queen of all
sciences. Scientists and researchers can not perfectly accomplish their work without including
mathematics. Mathematics is the foundation of Computer Science. If one is eager to learn any
arena of Computer Science, first he/she has to imbibe a love of Mathematics that will be
supportive for progressive learning of the said subject. Mathematics is friendly for analytical
skills needed in Computer Science. Concepts of binary number system, Boolean algebra,
Calculus, Discrete mathematics, linear algebra, number theory, and graph theory are the most
applicable to the subject of computer science with the emergence of new concepts like machine
learning, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and augmented reality.

Keywords: Binary Number System, Discrete Mathematics, Calculus, Computer Science, Number
Theory, Graph Theory, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence.

I. INTRODUCTION
Everyone knows that MATHEMATICS is the distinguished star of a Galaxy of Sciences in this universe. Interface
with the outside world is must for generation of mathematical acumen and prowess. Mathematics is an important
foundation for many areas of science and engineering. It is always difficult to constitute precise boundary lines as a tool
of compartmentalization among disciplines (compare, for example - the subject of physical chemistry and chemical
physics, etc.).Many computers scientists have been doing mathematics, but many more mathematicians have been
studying computer science in disguise .In the modern era, variegated sciences are interdependant. The different social
sciences cannot have their existence independent of others. These are interrelated; one subject is complementary
component of another. Various subjects of sciences have much in common but are distinct from each other. New
education policy, July 2020 has also supported this interdisciplinary approach.
Sometimes it becomes a matter of discussion about the significance of Mathematics in Computer Science. Some
scholars argue that it contributes only little value in Computer Science while others (mostly in the majority!) say that
it is the foundation for Computer Science. According to the University of Oxford:
Mathematics is a fundamental intellectual tool in computing, but computing is also increasingly used as a key
component in mathematical problem-solving.
If we focus on the study of algorithm, isn’t this merely a branch of MATHEMATICS? After all, algorithm was
primarily evolved by a mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi, before the days of computer science, He evolved the methods
for solving problems which used step by step instructions. An algorithm includes a finite number of steps each of which
may have a number of operations.
Computer scientists use mathematics in their professional lives in one way or other. Mathematics delivers the
theoretical basis for many branches of computer science, and important analytic tools for others. Computer scientists

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 10, Issue 1, October 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

thus apply specific mathematical topics to specific computing problems. Mathematics facilitates the Analytical Skills
needed for problem-solving and data analyzation. Hence by judiciously perceiving, it is found that computer science
initially emerged as a branch of mathematics and then afterword existed as a separate and independent subject

II. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to analyze the application of Mathematics in Computer science in present scenario of
multidisciplinary approach by careful study of literature of mathematics as well as computer science.

III. SIGNIFICANCE OF MATHEMATICS

Let us through light on the significance of various concepts of different branches of Mathematics in the arena of
computer science.

3.1 Binary Math

It is the core of computer operation and among the utmost important type of math used in computer science. To
symbolize every number within the computer, binary is used. Binary is a number system that includes only two digits 0
and 1. All information executed by a computer is in the form of a sequence of 0s and 1s. Therefore, all data which we
require to process by a computer needs to be converted into binary. Computers use binary the digits to store data. The
circuits in a processor of computer are structured of billions of transistors. The digits 1 and 0 used in binary exhibit as
on and off position of a transistor. Standard arithmetic is applied in various functions of computer programming.
Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are used in most of the written programs,

3.2 Discrete Mathematics

It is a branch of mathematics involving discrete elements that uses algebra and arithmetic. Discrete Mathematics
is the mathematical language of Computer Science and a learner has to be well versed in this to work in many fields
related to computer science. Concepts and notations from said branch of mathematics are supportive to study and
describe objects and problems in different area of computer science like as computer architecture, algorithms,
programming languages, cryptography, automated theorem proving, and software development, machine learning,
operating systems, computer security, and networks.

3.3 Boolean Algebra

It is used to analyze and simplify the digital (logic) circuits. It uses only the binary numbers i.e. 0 and 1. It is also
named as Binary Algebra or logical Algebra. The concept of Boolean algebra was first introduced by George Boole in
1854 in his book, “The Mathematical Analysis of Logic”, and further extended in his book, An Investigation of the
Laws of Thought. The significance of Boolean algebra exists in the theory of probability, geometry of sets, and
information theory. Furthermore, it exists as the basis for the design of circuits used in electronic digital computers,
computer programming, and mathematical logic, and is also used in other areas of mathematics such as set theory and
statistics.
A Boolean function is an algebraic expression formed with binary variables, the logic operation, parenthesis, and
equal sign. A Boolean function can be converted from an algebraic expression into a logic diagram possessed of AND,
OR, NOT (inverter) gates.

3.4 Boolean Addition

The basic rules of Boolean addition are as follows
0+0=0,
0+1=1,
1 + 0 = 1,
1+1=1
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 10, Issue 1, October 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

Boolean addition is same as logical OR addition.

3.5 Boolean Multiplication

The
he rules of Boolean multiplication method are as follows:-
follows:
0.0=0
0.1=0
1.0=0
1.1=1

3.6 Properties of Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra is a mathematical system consisting of a set of two or more distinct elements, two binary operations
denoted by the symbol (+) and (.) , and one unary operator denoted by the symbol either bar( bar(-) .This satisfy the
commutative, associative, distributive, absorption, consensus and idemotency properties of the Boolean algebra. A
great mathematician De Morgan has contributed with two of the most important theorems of Boolean algebra .De
Morgan’s theorems are re extremely useful in simplifying expression in which a product of sum of variables is
complimented.
Boolean algebra has been applied in search engines such as Google and duckduckgo go use boolean algebra to facilitate
the users to get data whenever they request
reque or search. Logic gates are employed in microcontrollers, microprocessors,
electronic and electrical project circuits, and embedded system applications.
applications. The basic logic gates are categorized as
AND, OR, XOR, NAND,, NOR, XNOR, and NOT and these t digital devices are based on the Boolean function

3.7 Graph Theory

A Swiss Mathematician Leonhard Euler introduced this theory in 18th century. Generally graphs are ddiscrete
structures which have vertices. In the present era, life graphs are used to solve many problems in different areas like
computers, engineering
ering science, communication and so on. on. The graph models of computer networks can be used to
determine whether two computers are connected by a communication link. Also, graphsgraphs are used to solve the problem
of finding the shortest path between two cities in a transportation network.

3.8 Trees
An English
ish Mathematician Arthur Cayley introduced the concept of trees , when he used these to count certain type
of chemical compounds .These are particularly useful in computer science ,when they are employed in a wide range of
algorithms .For instance ,tree are used to construct efficient algorithm for locating items in a llist .

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 10, Issue 1, October 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

3.9 Cryptology
Everyone knows that secret message have been sent from an ancient age to present era of Science and technology.
Classically, these messages are used for secret communication in military affairs, electronic banking and diplomacy. It
is an interesting technique which makes messages unintelligible to everyone except the intended receiver .The
discipline devoted to secrecy system is called cryptology which is based on the branch of mathematics (number theory).

3.10 Statistics
It is a branch of mathematics and involved in computer science to a great extent. The knowledge in field of statistics
is unavoidable to understand algorithms and other statistical properties that are needed in computer science. Some
statistical measures relate with mean, mode, skewness, regression analysis, variance, kurtosis. Probability and Statistics
for Computer Science treats with the most common discrete and continuous distributions, disclosing how they find use
in decision and estimation problems and devise computer algorithms to generate observations from the multifarious
distributions.
The knowledge of statistics is supportive for data mining, speech recognition, vision and image analysis, data
compression, artificial intelligence, network and traffic modelling to varying extent as per requirement of researchers /
scientists like as follows
 Data Mining: It is an analysis of information in a database, using tools that look for trends or
irregularities in large data sets. In other words “to find valuable information from the available data sets
using statistical techniques".
Data Compression: It is the coding of data by usage of compact formulas, called algorithms, and usefulness
to save storage space or transmission time.
 Speech Recognition: It is an act of identifying spoken words by a machine. The spoken words are
transformed into a sequence of numbers and matched against coded dictionaries.
 Vision and Image Analyses: Vision and image analysis also require statistics to solve contemporary
and practical problems/ queries in computer vision, image processing, and artificial intelligence.
 Stochastic Algorithms: Stochastic algorithms follow a detailed sequence of actions to perform a task in the
face of uncertainty.
 Artificial Intelligence: It is implicated with modelling aspects of human thought on computers.
 Machine Learning: It is the ability of a machine or a system to enhance or make progress in its performance
based on previous results.
 Capacity Planning: Capacity planning finds out what equipment and software will be enough to face the
needs of a situation or a proposed end while providing the most power for the least cost.
 Storage and Retrieval: Storage and retrieval techniques are dependent on statistics to make sure
computerized data is kept and recovered efficiently and reliably.
 Quality Management: It uses statistics to make analysis the condition of manufactured parts (hardware,
software, et.al..) using tools and sampling to make sure a minimum level of defects.
 Software Engineering: It is a systematic approach to the analysis, design, implementation, and
maintenance of computer programs.

3.11 Calculus
The study of continuous change of functions come under purview of calculus. If someone wants to work in these
professions, he/she must have some knowledge of calculus. The subthemes of Computer Science such as machine
learning, data mining, scientific computing, image processing, and creating the graphics and physics engines for video
games, including the 3D visuals for simulations, the aforesaid subject is supportive. Both differential and integral
calculus that are two major concepts of calculus contribute much in the area of computer graphics, scientific
computing, and computer security. Computer scientists also take help of multivariate calculus.

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 10, Issue 1, October 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

IV. DISCUSSION
No doubt, one can say that Computer Science is the subset of Mathematical Sciences. Discrete mathematics, linear
algebra, number theory, and graph theory are the branches of mathematics, the most relevant to the computer science
profession. Different fields of the profession, from machine learning to software engineering, apply concepts of these
branches of mathematics in one way or other. Without having familiar with these maths concepts, one may find himself
in trouble to manage data structures, databases, and algorithms.

V. CONCLUSION
Does Mathematics really important for Computer Science? It is an open ended question. One can say that it depends
upon kind of job. For instance: Creating a blog on food does not necessarily need any knowledge of mathematics. But
to design a successful blog needs emphasis on preferences of audience, popularity of topic, article ratings, etc.
Skills of Mathematics are utilised in the field of Computer Engineering in almost all of its programs but still there is
much more to learn with the emergence of new concepts of machine learning, artificial intelligence et.al.. Over all,
directly or indirectly prowess in Mathematics is must for the foundation of Computer Science. If someone wants to
succeed in any discipline of Computer Science, he/she must inculcate acumen of Mathematics to progress ahead.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 10, Issue 1, October 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

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