Bernoulli Eq

Bernoulli differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation of the 3 Example

form
Consider the Bernoulli equation (more specifically
Riccati’s equation).[1]
y ′ + P (x)y = Q(x)y n
is called a Bernoulli equation where n is any real num-
2y
ber and n ̸= 0 or n ̸= 1 . It is named after Jacob y ′ − = −x2 y 2
x
Bernoulli who discussed it in 1695. Bernoulli equations
are special because they are nonlinear differential equa- We first notice that y = 0 is a solution. Division by y 2
tions with known exact solutions. A famous special case yields
of the Bernoulli differential equation is the logistic dif-
ferential equation.
2
y ′ y −2 − y −1 = −x2
x
1 Transformation to a linear dif- Changing variables gives the equations
ferential equation
1
w=
Note that for n = 0 and n = 1 , the Bernoulli equation is y
linear. For n = 0 and n = 1 , the substitution u = y 1−n ′ −y ′
reduces any Bernoulli equation to a linear equation. For w = .
y2
example: 2
dy −w′ − w = −x2
Let’s consider the following differential equation: x dx + x
y = x2 y 2 ′ 2
w + w = x2
Rewriting it in the Bernoulli form (with n = 2 ): dx dy
+ x
1
y = xy 2 which can be solved using the integrating factor
x
Now, substituting u = y −1 we get: du dx − x u = −x ,

1
∫
which is a linear differential equation. M (x) = e2
1
x dx
= e2 ln x = x2 .
Multiplying by M (x) ,
2 Solution
w′ x2 + 2xw = x4 ,
Let x0 ∈ (a, b) and
Note that left side is the derivative of wx2 . Integrating
{ both sides, with respect to x , results in the equations
z : (a, b) → (0, ∞) , if α ∈ R \ {1, 2},
z : (a, b) → R \ {0} , if α = 2, ∫ ∫
′ 2
be a solution of the linear differential equation w x + 2xw dx = x4 dx
1 5
′ wx2 = x +C
z (x) = (1 − α)P (x)z(x) + (1 − α)Q(x). 5
1 1 2 1
Then we have that y(x) := [z(x)] 1−α is a solution of x = x5 + C
y 5
The solution for y is
y ′ (x) = P (x)y(x)+Q(x)y α (x) , y(x0 ) = y0 := [z(x0 )] 1−α .
1
And for every such differential equation, for all α > 0 we x2

y=
have y ≡ 0 as solution for y0 = 0 . 1 5
5x +C
1
2 5 EXTERNAL LINKS
4 References
• Bernoulli, Jacob (1695), “Explicationes, Annota-
tiones & Additiones ad ea, quae in Actis sup. de
Curva Elastica, Isochrona Paracentrica, & Velaria,
hinc inde memorata, & paratim controversa legun-
dur; ubi de Linea mediarum directionum, alliisque
novis”, Acta Eruditorum. Cited in Hairer, Nørsett &
Wanner (1993).
• Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Ger-
hard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations
I: Nonstiff problems, Berlin, New York: Springer-
Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-56670-0.
[1] y'−2*y/x=-x^2*y^2, Wolfram Alpha, 01-06-2013
5 External links
• “Bernoulli equation”. PlanetMath.
• “Differential equation”. PlanetMath.
• “Index of differential equations”. PlanetMath.

3
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Bernoulli diﬀerential equation

In mathematics, an ordinary diﬀerential equation of the 3 Example

Now, substituting u = y −1 we get: du dx − x u = −x ,

And for every such diﬀerential equation, for all α > 0 we x2

[1] y'−2y/x=-x^2y^2, Wolfram Alpha, 01-06-2013

• “Index of diﬀerential equations”. PlanetMath.

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