SAINT JOSEPH COLLEGE

MAASIN, SOUTHERN LEYTE

CE 20 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED
CONCRETE SLABS
(NSCP 2010 / NSCP 2015)

ENGR. DHAN VINCENT L. ENTUNA, SO II

Instructor
Saint Joseph College-Maasin
Civil Engineering Department
INTRODUCTION
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB are large flat plates that are supported by
reinforced concrete beams, walls, or columns; by masonry walls; by structural
steel beams or columns; or by the ground. If they are supported on two
opposite sides only, they are referred to as one-way slabs because the
bending is in one direction only – that is, perpendicular to the supported edges.
Should the slab be supported by beams on all four edges, it is referred to as a
two-way slab because bending is in both directions. If,

𝑳
≥ 𝟐 → 𝑶𝒏𝒆 − 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒃
𝑺
𝑳
< 𝟐 → 𝑻𝒘𝒐 − 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒃
𝑺
L = Longer span length
S = Shorter span length

SAINT JOSEPH
COLLEGE CE 20 . PRINCIPLES OF PRESTRESSED / REINFORCED CONCRETE
 (a) ONE-WAY SLAB (b) TWO-WAY SLAB

(c) FLAT PLATE (d) FLAT SLAB (e) GRID OR WAFFLE SLAB

TYPES OF STRUCTURAL SLABS

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS
A one-way slab is considered as a wide, shallow, rectangular beam. The reinforcing steel is usually
spaced uniformly over its width. One-way slabs are analyzed by considering a one-meter strip, which is
assumed independent of the adjacent strips. This method of analysis is somewhat conservative because
we neglected the lateral restraint provided by the adjacent strips.
➢ MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 407.3.1)
• 407.3.1.1 For solid non-prestressed slabs not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction
likely to be damaged by large deflections, overall slab thickness h shall not be less than the limits in
Table 407.3.1.1, unless the calculated deflection limits of Section 407.3.2 are satisfied.
Table 407.3.1.1
Minimum Thickness of Solid Non-Prestressed One-Way Slabs
Support Condition Minimum h[1]
Simply supported L/20
One end continuous L/24
Both end continuous L/28
Cantilever L/10
[1]
Expression applicable for normal weight concrete and fy = 420 MPa. For other cases, minimum h shall be modified in accordance with
Sections 407.3.1.1.1 through 407.3.1.1.3 as appropriate

• 407.3.1.1.1 For fy other than 420 Mpa, the expression in Table 407.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by
(0.4+fy/700)
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS
➢ MINIMUM FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN NON-PRESTRESSED SLABS (NSCP 2015 SECTION
407.6.1)
• 407.6.1.1 A minimum area of flexural reinforcement 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be provided in accordance with Table
407.6.1.1
Table 407.6.1.1
𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 for Non-prestressed One-way slabs

Reinforcement Type 𝒇𝒚 (MPa) 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏

Deformed Bars < 420 0.0020𝐴𝑔

0.0018(420)
Deformed Bars or welded 𝐴𝑔
≥ 420 Greater of: 𝑓𝑦
wire reinforcement
0.0014𝐴𝑔
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS
➢ MINIMUM SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT (NSCP 2015 SECTION 407.6.4)
• 407.6.4.1 Reinforcement shall be provided to resist shrinkage and temperature stresses in
accordance with Section 424.4.
• 424.4.3.2 The ratio of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement area to gross concrete area
shall satisfy the limits in Table 424.4.3.2
Table 424.4.3.2
Minimum Ratios of Deformed Shrinkage and Temperature
Reinforcement Area to Gross Concrete Area

Reinforcement Type 𝒇𝒚 (MPa) Minimum Reinforcement Area

Deformed Bars < 420 0.0020

0.0018(420)
Deformed Bars or welded 𝑓𝑦
≥ 420 Greater of:
wire reinforcement
0.0014

• 424.4.3.3 The spacing of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall not exceed the
lesser of 5h and 450 mm
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS
➢ MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT (NSCP 2015 SECTION 407.7.2)
• 407.7.2.1 Minimum spacing s for parallel non-prestressed reinforcement in a horizontal layer, clear
spacing shall be at least the greatest of 25 mm, 𝑑𝑏 , and 4Τ3 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔
• 407.7.2.3 Maximum spacing s of deformed reinforcement shall be the lesser of 3h and 450 mm.
NSCP COEFFICIENTS FOR CONTINUOUS BEAMS & ONE-WAY SLABS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 406.5)
The NSCP Coefficient Method is a simplified and an approximate method used for the analysis of continuous
beams and on-way slab. This method allows the real rotation restraint at external supports where the real
moment is not equal to zero. Thus, coefficient method is more realistic but is only valid when its conditions of
applications are satisfied in accordance with Section 406.5.1
• 406.5.1 It shall be permitted to calculate Mu due to gravity loads in accordance with this section for
continuous beams and one-way slabs satisfying (a) through (e):
a) Members are prismatic;
b) Loads are uniformly distributed;
c) L ≤ 3D;
d) There are at least two spans;
e) The longer the two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by 20 percent

• 406.5.2 Mu due to gravity loads shall be calculated in accordance with Table 406.5.2.
 Table 406.5.2
Approximate Moments for Non-Prestressed Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs

MOMENT LOCATION CONDITION Mu

Discontinuous end integral with
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ14
End Span support
Positive Discontinuous end unrestrained 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11
Interior Span All 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ16
Member built integrally with
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ24
supporting spandrel beam
Interior face of exterior support
Member built integrally with
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ16
supporting column
Exterior face of first interior Two spans 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ9
support More than two spans 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ10
Negative[1]
Face of other supports All 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11
a. Slabs with spans not
exceeding 3 m
Face of all supports satisfying b. Beams where ratio of sum
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ12
(a) or (b) of column stiffness to beam
stiffness exceeds 8 at each
end of span
[1] To calculate negative moments, Ln shall be the average of the adjacent clear span lengths
• 406.5.1 Moments calculated in accordance with Section 406.5.2 shall not be redistributed
• 406.5.2 Vu due to gravity loads shall be calculated in accordance with Table 406.5.4.

Table 406.5.4
Approximate Shears for Non-Prestressed Continuous Beams and One-way Slabs
Location Vu
Exterior face of first interior support 1.5 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2
Face of all other supports 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2

Interior face of end Exterior face of first Other faces of

support interior support Interior Supports

Figure 406.5.4(a) Shows the terminology for the various spans, support and support faces
 𝐿1 𝐿2

𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 1.15𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 1.15𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2

+ 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ14 + 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ14

− 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ24 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ9

− 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ9 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ24
or or
𝐿1 + 𝐿2
− 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ16 𝐿𝑛 = − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ16
2
Figure 406.5.4(b) Shear and moment for continuous beam or slab with 2 spans and discontinuous end integral with support

𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿4

𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 1.15𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2

+ 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ14 + 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ14 + 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ14

− 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ24 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ10 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11
or 𝐿1 + 𝐿2 𝐿2 + 𝐿3 𝐿3 + 𝐿4
𝐿𝑛 = 𝐿𝑛 = 𝐿𝑛 =
− 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ16 2 2 2
Figure 406.5.4(c) Shear and moment for continuous beam or slab with more than 2 spans and discontinuous end integral with support
 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿4

𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 1.15𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑛 Τ2

+ 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 + 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ16 + 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ16

0 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ10 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11 − 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 Τ11
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 𝐿 2 + 𝐿3 𝐿3 + 𝐿4
𝐿𝑛 = 𝐿𝑛 = 𝐿𝑛 =
2 2 2
Figure 406.5.4(d) Shear and moment for continuous beam or slab with more than 2 spans and discontinuous end unrestrained

Note:
*The exterior negative moment depend on type of support:
If the support is a beam or girder, the coefficient is -1/24
If the support is a column, the coefficient is -1/16
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Design a one-way slab for the inside of the building having a simple span of 3
meters. The slab is to carry a uniform live load of 3 kPa. Assume f’c = 27.6
MPa and fy = 276 MPa for all bars. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3. The
slab is not exposed to weather or earth. Use 12 mm Ø main and temperature
bars.
I. Minimum slab thickness from NSCP Table 407.3.1.1
𝐿 𝑓𝑦 3000 276
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.4 + = 0.4 + = 119.143 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 120 𝑚𝑚
20 700 20 700
II. Effective depth:
1
d = h – concrete cover – 2 𝑑𝑏
1
d = 120 – 20 – 2 (12) = 94 mm 12 mm Ø MAIN BARS
12 mm Ø TEMP. BARS

d h

1000 mm
Considering 1 meter strip of the slab: Calculate the required steel area:
𝑤𝐿 = 3.0 1 = 3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 Solve for 𝑅𝑛 :
𝑤𝐷 = 23.5(0.12) 1 = 2.82 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
Factored Floor Load: 9.207 × 106 = (0.90)𝑅𝑛 (1000)(94)2
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2𝑤𝐷 + 1.6𝑤𝐿 𝑅𝑛 = 1.15776
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2(2.82) + 1.6(3) Solve for 𝜌:
𝑤𝑢 = 8.184 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 2𝑅𝑛
𝜌= 1− 1−
Factored Moment to be carried by the slab: 𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐′

𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 8.184(3)2 0.85(27.6) 2(1.15776)

𝑀𝑢 = = = 9.207 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 𝜌= 1− 1−
8 8
276 0.85(27.6)
Check whether the slab thickness is adequate for the maximum
moment:
51 3
𝜌 = 0.00430
2
𝑀𝑢 = ∅ 𝛽1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 1− 𝛽 ; 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 ∅ = 0.90
140 14 1
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.00430)(1000)(94)
51 2 3
𝑀𝑢 = (0.90) (0.85)(27.6)(1000)𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 1 − (0.85) 𝐴𝑠 = 404.2 𝑚𝑚2
140 14

𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 38.257 𝑚𝑚 < 94 𝑚𝑚, ∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒

SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A reinforced concrete slab consists of two equal spans, each with a clear span
of 4.5 m. The service live load is 4.8 kPa. Assume f’c = 27.6 MPa and fy = 415
MPa for all bars. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3. The slab is not exposed
to earth or weather. Design the slab following provisions of NSCP 2015. Use
12 mm Ø for all bars.
1000 mm
TWO-WAY SLABS
➢INTRODUCTION
When the ratio of the longer span to the shorter span is
less than 2, the load sharing is in both directions provided
that the slab is supported on all four sides. These slabs
are known as two-way slabs. Two-way slabs bend in
both directions, and they must be reinforced by layers of
bars that are perpendicular to each other.
Section 408.2.1. of NSCP 2015 specifies two methods of
designing two-way slabs. These are the Direct Design
Method of Section 408.10 and Equivalent Frame Method
of Section 408.11. However, the code allows the designer
to use any analysis procedures that satisfies equilibrium
and geometric compatibility as long as design strength
and serviceability requirements are satisfied. These may
include the Strip Method and the Moment Coefficient
Method.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
➢ COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS (NSCP 2015
SECTION 408.4.1.5-6) 𝐿2
After the design moments have been determined by either
the direct design method or the equivalent frame method,
they are distributed across each panel. The panels are
divided into column and middle strips and positive and
negative moments are estimated in each strip. The
column strip is a slab with width on each side of the
column centerline equal to 0.25𝐿2 or 0.25𝐿1 whichever is
smaller. It includes beams if they are present. The middle
strip is the part of the slab between the two column strips. 𝐿 Column Column
1 Strip Middle Strip Strip
• 408.4.1.5 A column strip is a design strip with a
width on each side of a column centerline equal
to the lesser of 0.25𝐿2 and 0.25𝐿1 . A column
strip shall include beams within the strip, if
present.
• 408.4.1.6 A middle strip is a design strip
bounded by two column strips.

0.25𝐿1 or 0.25𝐿2 0.25𝐿1 or 0.25𝐿2

whichever is smaller whichever is smaller
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
➢ MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.3.1)
• 408.3.1.2 For non-prestressed slabs with beams spanning between supports on all sides, overall
slab thickness h shall satisfy the limits in Table 408.3.1.2, unless the calculated deflection limits
of Section 408.3.2 are satisfied.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
➢ MINIMUM FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN NON-PRESTRESSED TWO-WAY SLABS (NSCP 2015
SECTION 408.6.1)
• 408.3.1.2 For non-prestressed slabs with beams spanning between supports on all sides, overall
slab thickness h shall satisfy the limits in Table 408.3.1.2, unless the calculated deflection limits
of Section 408.3.2 are satisfied.

➢FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT SPACING (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.7.2)

• 408.7.2.2 For non-prestressed solid slabs, maximum spacing s of deformed longitudinal
reinforcement shall be the lesser of 2h and 450 mm at critical sections, and the lesser of 3h and
450 mm at other sections.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
➢ DIRECT DESIGN METHOD (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10)
NSCP 2015 Section 408.10 provides a procedure with which a set of moment coefficient can be determined. The
method, in effect involves a single-cycle moment distribution analysis of the structure based on
a) The estimated flexural stiffness of the slabs, beams (if any), and columns and;
b) The torsional stiffness of the slabs and beams (if any) transverse to the direction in which flexural moments are
being determined.
• 408.10.1.1 Two-way slabs satisfying the limits in Section 408.10.2 shall be permitted to be designed in
accordance with this section.
➢LIMITATIONS FOR USE OF DIRECT DESIGN METHOD (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10.2)
• 408.10.2.1 There shall be at least three continuous spans in each direction.
• 408.10.2.2 Successive span lengths measured center-to-center of supports in each direction shall not differ by
more than one-third the longer span.
• 408.10.2.3 Panels shall be rectangular, with the ratio of longer to shorter panel dimensions, measured center-to-
center of supports, not exceed to 2.
• 408.10.2.4 Column offsets shall not exceed 10 percent of the span in direction of offset from either axis between
centerlines of successive columns.
• 408.10.2.5 All loads shall be due to gravity only and uniformly distributed over an entire panel.
• 408.10.2.6 Unfactored live load shall not exceed two times the unfactored dead load.
• 408.10.2.7 For a panel with beams between supports on all sides, 408.10.2.7a shall be satisfied for beams in the
two perpendicular directions.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS

Where:
𝐿1 = length of span in direction that moments are being determined, measured center-to-center of supports
𝐿2 = length of span transverse to 𝐿1 , measured center-to-center of supports
𝐸𝑐𝑏 = modulus of elasticity of concrete beam
𝐸𝑐𝑠 = modulus of elasticity of concrete slab
𝐼𝑏 = moment of inertia about centroidal axis of gross section of beams as defined in Section 408.4.1.8
𝐼𝑠 = moment of inertia about centroidal axis of gross section of slab
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
NSCP 2015 408.4.1.8 states that for monolithic or fully-composite construction supporting two-way slabs, a beam includes
that a portion of slab, on each side of the beam extending a distance equal to the projection of the beam above or below
the slab, whichever is greater, but not greater than four times the slab thickness.

➢ TOTAL FACTORED STATIC MOMENT FOR A SPAN (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10.3)
• 408.10.3.1 Total factored static moment, Mo, for a span shall be calculated for a strip bounded laterally by the
panel centerline of supports.
• 408.10.3.2 The absolute sum of positive and average negative Mu in each direction shall be at least:

• 408.10.3.2.1 In 408.10.3.2, Ln is the clear span length in the direction that moments are considered, shall extend
from face to face of columns, capitals, brackets, or walls, and shall be at least 0.65𝐿1
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
• 408.10.3.2.2 In 408.10.3.2., if the transverse span of panels on either side of the centerline of supports varies, 𝐿2
shall be taken as the average of adjacent transverse spans.
• 408.10.3.2.3 In 408.10.3.2, if the span adjacent and parallel to a slab edge is being considered, the distance from
edge to panel centerline shall be substituted for 𝐿2 .
➢ DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL FACTORED STATIC MOMENT (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10.4)
• 408.10.4.1 In an interior span, Mo shall be distributed as follows: 0.65Mo to negative moment and 0.35Mo to
positive moment.
• 408.10.4.2 In an end span, Mo shall be distributed in accordance with Table 408.10.4.2.

• 408.10.4.3 Modification of negative and positive factored moments by up to 10 percent shall be permitted if the
total factored static moment for a panel, Mo, in the direction considered is at least that calculated by 408.10.3.2.
Moment redistribution in accordance with Section 406.6.6.5 is not permitted.
• 408.10.4.4 Critical section for negative Mu shall be at the face of the rectangular supports.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
• 408.10.4.5 Negative Mu shall be the greater of the two interior negative Mu calculated for spans framing into a
common support unless an analysis is made to distribute the unbalanced moment in accordance with stiffness of
adjoining elements.
• 408.10.4.6 Edge beams or edges of slabs shall be designed to resist in torsion their share of exterior negative Mu.
➢ FACTORED MOMENTS IN COLUMN STRIPS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10.5)
• 408.10.5.1 The column strip shall resist the portion of interior negative Mu in accordance with Table 408.10.5.1.

• 408.10.5.2 The column strip shall resist the portion of exterior negative Mu in accordance with Table 408.10.5.2.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS

Where:
𝛽𝑡 = ratio of the torsional stiffness of an edge beam section to the flexural stiffness of a width of slab equal to the
span length of the beam measured center to center of supports.
𝑥 = length of the short side of each rectangle
𝑦 = length of the long side of each rectangle
𝐿ℎ3
𝐼𝑠 = 12
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
• 408.10.5.3 For T or L-sections, it shall be permitted to calculate the constant C in 408.10.5.2b by dividing the
section, as given in 408.4.1.8, into separate rectangular parts and summing the values of C for each part.
• 408.10.5.4 If the width of the column or wall is at least (3/4) 𝐿2 , negative Mu shall be uniformly distributed across
𝐿2
• The column strip shall resist the portion of positive Mu in accordance with 408.10.5.5.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
➢ FACTORED MOMENTS IN BEAMS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10.5.7)

➢ FACTORED MOMENTS IN MIDDLE STRIPS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10.6)

• 408.10.6.1. That portion of negative and positive factored moments not resisted by column strips shall be
proportionately assigned to corresponding half-middle strips.
• 408.10.6.2. Each middle strip shall resist the sum of the moments assigned to its two half middle strips.
• 408.10.6.3. A middle strip adjacent and parallel to a wall-supported edge shall resist twice the moment assigned to
the half-middle strip corresponding to the first row of interior supports.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
➢ FACTORED SHEAR IN SLAB SYSTEMS WITH BEAMS
(NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.10.8)
• 408.10.8.1. Beams between supports shall resist the
portion of shear in accordance with Table 408.10.8.1
caused by factored loads on tributary areas in
accordance with Figure 408.10.8.1.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
➢ MOMENT COEFFICIENT METHOD
The Moment Coefficient Method is the quickest approach of calculating the moments in two-way slabs supported by
edge beam on all slabs sides. This method was first provided in 1963 edition of the ACI Code as a method to design
two-way slabs. Nonetheless, this method is not included in the ACI 318-14M and NSCP 2015.
The Coefficient Method makes use of Tables of Moment Coefficients for different slab edge conditions. The coefficients
are based on elastic analysis but also include considerations for inelastic moment redistribution. The slab is divided into
middle and column strips in both short and long direction.
The moments in the middle strips are calculated using,

As expected in two-way slabs, the middle strip of the slab has

larger moments in both directions than the column strips.
Therefore, the middle strip must be designed for the maximum
tabulated moment. In the column strips, it must be designed for
1/3 of the maximum value of the calculated middle strip moment
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT
The main reinforcement for the two-way slab panel should be placed parallel and perpendicular to the slab edges. The
reinforcement in the short direction (La) should be placed below the reinforcement in the long direction (Lb). Negative
reinforcement should be placed perpendicular to the supporting edge beams.
All other requirements should be observed:
a. Minimum Flexural Reinforcement in Non-prestressed Two-way Slabs (NSCP 2015 Section 408.6.1)
b. Flexural Reinforcement Spacing (NSCP 2015 Section 408.7.2)
c. Ductility Requirements