Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
ATOMS ELECTRONS
NUCLEUS-
↑
In middle of atom. .
1 x 10 m
NEUTRONS
Contain proton and neutrons almost the whole of the atom
·
mass
charge
Ave
J NUCLEUS . .
-
PROTONS ELECTRONS-
~ more around in electron shell. cover a lot of space. volume of orbit determined by size of atom
-re
charge .
have
virtually no mass
different
same sized charge ,
but
charge NEUTRON 1 O
-in ions , proton - electron >
-
has a
charge
be electrons than ELECTRON O -
I
can re or tre . e .
g.
2- = I more protons ·
ELEMENT
SYMBOL number of number of neutrons
ATOMIC NUMBER
-
mass number =
protons +
number of neutrons =
mass number -
atomic number
ELEMENTS
-
ISOTOPES
-
different forms of the same element (different number of neutrons ,
same number of protons)
same atomic number ,
different mass
e carbon-12/carbon-13
g.
.
↓ ↓
GP/GE/ON 64/6E/TN
Yootisotopex isotope
formula mass)
relative atomic
-
= or
mas
COMPOUNDS
-as elements react ,
the atoms bond with other atoms to form compounds
-formed with 2 or more elements .
in fixed proportions held together by chemical bonds.
-making bonds is
giving taking/sharing
,
electrons .
of sodium
-non-metal and metal compounds consists of ions
-X
.
metals
positive(loses electrons) non-metals
(gains electrons No gives an electron to chlorine
o
are ,
are
negative
opposite charges attraction
:
-
nonmetal compounds consists of molecules ⑧
e air-mixture of
nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide and
g. argon
.
,
.
-
filter crystals out from solution
DISTILLATION
-
condenses >
-
collected
however ,
it can only be used in solutions with very different boiling points
mixture
of liquids with similar
boiling points uses fractional distillation
·
NUCLEAR MODEL
,
-
-
placed in groups
elements
has It
·
a
charge
soft and low density
-
with chlorine :
forms 2
-
-
Has T electrons in its outer-shell
Has a
1-charge
·
very unreactive
>
-
gases nonflammable
-
Monoatomic colorless , ,
TRANSITION METALS
·
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