Parameter and Statistic

3.2
Competency
M11/12SP-IIId-3
The learner will be able to distinguish berween parameter and statistic.

parameter
usually
is a
denoted by Greek letters.
o', and population standard deviation
measüre that describes

Population mean ,
a population. Parameters are
population variance
o are examples of parameters. On

,
the other

are usually

mean
hand, astatistic is a. measure that describes

denoted by Roman
sample variances', and sample standard
letters. Examples of
a smple.
statistics

deviation s.
Statistics

are sample

The population mean mean of the entire population.It is

is the
represented by the Greek letter mu (u) and is computed using the
formula:

N
where:

*=given data

N= population size

The numbers of workers in six outlets of a fast food

ExAMPLEI
restaurant are 12, 10, 11, 15, 12, and 14. Treating these

data as a population,find the population mean .

SourIoN

The population mean is computed by summing up all the data

and dividing the sum by the number of data N. All the data are used
to find the population mean.
 Number 12
1

10
2
11
3
15
4
12
5
14

E*=74

N
74
6
=12.33

The mean is affected by each datum. If the value of one datum is

of the
too small in comparison with the other data, it will lower the value
mean. Ifa datum is too big compared with the other data, it will increase
the value of the mean.

EXAMPLE 2 Assume that the last datum in Example 1 is 2 instead of 14.

Number
12
10
3 11

4 15
5 12
2

x=62
SojuTION

N
62

=10.33
EXAMPLE 3 Assume that. the last datum in Example 1 is 30 instead
of 14.

Number
12
2 10
3 11

4 15
5 12
6 30

x=90
SoluroN

N
90
6
=15

STANDARD DEVIATION
PoPULATION VARIANCE AND PoPULATION
used measures of dispersion
Variance and standarddeviation are widely
of the squared
of data in research. The
population variance g is the sum
the population mean divided by the
deviations of each datum from

The populationstandard deviation

a is the square root
population size N.

of the population variance a.

Variance o
Formula for Population

N N
where N= population size

data
x=given
u= population mean
Standard Deviation o
Formula for Population

N
 of the 16 Math
ExAMPLE 4 The following are ages

Archimedes Secondary School.

teachen a

30 34 32 38 28 36 40 31

35 34 33 30 37 40 30 40

Compute the following:

Population variance

b. Populationstandard deviation

SoluTION

First compute the population mean. Then, subtract the

population mean from each of the data. Square all the deviationx
of the data from the population mean.
Then, find the sumn of all

the squared deviations.

IDivide the resulting sum
size. This is
by thepopulation
illustrated in the table
below and the omputations
follows. that

Teacher
Age
30
ix )
30-34.25
2 18.0625
34 34 34.25 0.
3 0,0625
32 32 34.5
4 38 5.0625
38 34.5
5 28 T4.0625
28 34.5 0.2)
6 36 39,0625
36 34.25
7 40 1.'5 3.0625
40-34.25 5.75
8 33.0625
31
31-34.25 3.25
35 10.5625
10 35-34.25 0.75
34 0.5625
34-34.25
11
33 =-0.25 0.0625
12 33-34.25
30 =-1.25 1.5625
13 30-34.25
37 =-4.25 18.0625
14
40 37-34.25 = 2.75
15
30
40-34.25 = 5.75
7.5625
33.0625
16 30-34.25
40 =-4.25
40-34.25 = 5.75
18.0625
33.0625
x=548
Cx-- 235
 N
548
16
=34.25

a. a

N
235
16
=14.6875 or 14.69

b. o= N
|235
V 16
=3.83

The Sample Mean

The sample mean x is the average of all the values randomly

selected from the population. That is,

x=
where x=given data

n=sample size.

16 Math teachers at
The following are ages of the
EXAMPLE S
Archimedes Secondary School.

30 34 32 38 28 36 40 31

35 34 33 30 37 40 30 40
 data was already
population mean of the given Computed
The randomly selected only 12
Example 3.
Assume that
a researcher
of or
at Archimedes
Secondary School. Assume that t
the 16 Math teachers selected.
that were randomly
data below are those
encircled (40
36
38
30 34) 32
(40 30 40
(30 37

Compute the sample mean.

SoluTION selected will no longer

data that were be the

.
The mean of the
be used is no longer consisting
because the data to
population mean now the samnla
The computed mean is

of the entire population.

mean and is denoted by

Age Sampled Agex

Teacher Population

1
30
34
2 34

3 32
38
4 38
28 28
5
36 36
6
40 40
7
31 31
8
35 35

34 34
10
11 33 33
12 30 30
13 37
14 40 40
15 30
16 40 40

Lx= 548 )x=419

419
12
- 34.916 or 34.92
EXAMPLE 6

Scores of the15 Sampled Grade 9 students

Student Score
1
25
2 22
3 23
4 28
5 29
6 30
7 31
nnnNo 24
9 32
10 33
11 32
12 39
13 40
14 34
15 48

x=470

n
470
15
=31.33
the mean is
process that determining
Notice from the computation
the values of the divisor
in population and sample means. Only
the same
are different. u uses N while uses n.
 DEVIATION
AND SAMPLE STANDARD
SAMPLE VARIANCE

variance
is the sum of
the squared
by n-1.
deviation
It Uses the
.
The sample divided
the sample mean
each data from

formula below. n

n-1

thesamnl
sis the square root
of
derivation
The sample standard
below.
by the cquation
variance given

sample standrd
sample variance and
Calculate the
EXAMPLE 7 selected data in Example 5.
deviation of the 12 randomly

Teacher
Population Sample (r-}
Age Agex
30
0.8464
34 34-34.92= -0.92
2 34
3 32
4 38 38 38-34.9)2 - 3.08 9.4864

47.8864
28 28 28-34.92- -6.9
5
1.1664
36 36 36–34.92= 1.08
6
40 40-34.92= 5.08 25.8064
7 40
31 31-34.92=-3.92 15,3664
31
35 35-34.92= 0.08 0.0064
35
34 34 34-34.92=-0.92 0.8464
10
33 33 33-34.92=-1.92 3.6864
11

30 30 30-34.92=-4.92 24.2064
12
13 37
14 40 40 40-34.92= 5.08 25.8064

15 30
16 40 40 40-34.92= 5.08 25.8064

x=548 |x=419 L-)'= 180,9106

419
=34.92
12
 -
n-1
180.9168
12-1
=16.4469 or 16.45

S=
n-1
180.9168
12-1
=4.055 or 4.06

EXAMPLE 8| The following are the scores of8 randomly selected students
in Grade 10:

7, 8,12, 15,10, 11, 9,and 14

Compute the following:

a. Sample mean

b. Sample variance

C.
Sample standard deviation

SournoN

Number (x-}
7 7-10.75 =-3.75 14.0625

2 8 8-10.75 =-2.75 7.5625

3 12 12-10.75 = 1.25 1.5625

4 15 15-10.75 = 4.25 18.0625

5 10 10-10.75= -0.75 0.5625

11 11-10.75= 0.25 0.0625

7 9-10.75 =-1.75 3.0625

8 14 14-10.75 = 3.25 10.5625

x=86 |Z(-=55.5
a,

86
8
=10.75

b. (-} n-1
55.5
8-1
=7.928 or 7.93

C. S=
n-1
55.5
V8-1
=2.815 or 2.82

Alternative formulafor finding the sample variance:

n(n-1)

Alternative formula for finding the sample

standard deviation:

S=
n(n-1)
ExAMPLE 9 Calculate the sample variance and the sample standard
deviation of the data in Example 7 using the alternative
formula.

Number
1
7 49
64
3 12 144
4 15 225
10 100
6 11 121
7 9 81
8 14 196

Cx= 86 Sx=980

a.

86
8
=10.75

b. s'=
n(7-1)

8(980) - (86)'

8(8–1)
7,840-7,396
56
444
56
=7.928 or 7.93

C.
n(n-1)

8(980)- (86'
8(8-1)
= 2,815 or 2.82
 11. It was found out that 10of theteachers in a certain
school have private high
doctoratedegrèes.

12. In a survey of 1,500 bulbs

manufactured by a company; it
found out that 120 of them was
were defective.

13. The Philippine

Senate is composed of 24
senators.

14. Based ong sample of 1,200 surveyedstudents, was

it found out
that 20%o of them needed financial aids.

15. The manager randomly

selected 35 employees to participate in
the Sports Fest.

Maugtöüie
Answer the following problems:

16. The following are the heights to the nearest centimeter of

15 English teachers in St. Joseph's Academy:
162 160 152
164 154 153

163 155 161

165 156 165

166 160 151

Compute the following:

a. population mean

b. populationvariance

c. populationstandard deviation
 a new fast food restaurant with
of
of workers
'17. The numbers
12, 11, and
7.
are 8,9,8, 10,
7outlets

Compute the following:

Population mean

b. Population variance
deviation
C. Population standard

were between and 65yearswere

50
whose ages
Sixteensmokers Their
18.
taken from them.
selected. Blood samples were
randomly
and arepresented below.
cholesterol
were determined
levels

240 256
181 287

209 296
257 179

231 171 248

211

212 189 187

189

Compute the following:

a. Sample mean

b. Sample variance
C. Sample standarddeviation

of 15 master's students who took he

19. There were a total
below.
comprehensive examination.Their scores are given

93 92 85

78 90 83
81 80 82

85 74 79
88 91 77

Compute the following:

a, Population mean

b. Population variance

C. Population standard deviation

20. The following are the scores
in Math of the sampled
15 Grade 10 students:

60 61 58
70 62 74
75 78 80
68 85 86
80 65 70

Computethe following:
a.
Sample mean
b. Sample variance
C.
Sample standard deviation

21. The IQof 10 randomly selected seniorhigh school students are

given below.
102 125 120 128 116
108 124 115 109 99

Compute the following:

a.
Sample mean

b. Sample variance

c. Sample standard deviation

22. The followingare the heights in cm of the 10 basketball players

of White Horses team:

172 181

175 175

174 172

171 173

170 174

Compute the following:

Population mean

b. Population variance

c. Population standard deviation

 of a sample
of 70 contractual workers
The hourly rates Manila are in
from
chains in the
23. city of
fast food the
different

distribution
below.
frequency

Hourly Rates Number ofWorkers f

35 -37 3
38-40
41 -43 12
44–46 20
47- 49 14
50 -52 11

53-55 3

Compute the following:

Sample mean
b. Sample

C.
variance - Li.
Sample standard
deviation

24. The
following
midnightto 4:00temperatures (in °C)were
in the
morning last recorded from
26 ()etober 10,
33 2015.
26
28
31
26
29
32
28
30
25
30

Compute the
a. following:
Sample
mean
b.
Sample
C. variance
Sample
standard
deviation
25. The following frequency
in kg of 100
distribution is madeup of theweights
males who are
participating in a diabetes
program: prevention

Weights
65 -67 2
68-70 10
71-73 26
74-76 34
77-79 18
80 -82 10
Compute the following:
a.
Sample mean

b. Sample variance - (1 13L4 S

C. Sample standard deviation

-S1G37
26. The ages in years of 50 persons who were affected by dengue last
month in a certain town in Bulacan is presented below.

Ages f
20 -22 2
23 -25 4

26-28
29 -31 8
32 -34 10

35 -37 8
38 – 40 6
41– 43
44– 46 1

Compute the following:

a.
Sampl mean

b. Sample variance
C. Sampl standard deviation
 in 4th
is the scores Periodic
27. The followingdistribution 10,studentsin Mathematics.
Grade
randomly sampled
Frequengy
Soores
2
15-19
20-24
9
25-29
16
30-34
5
35-39
40-44 5
1
45-49

the following using the alternative method:

Compute
a.
Sample mcan -
U32
b. Sample variance

c. Sample standard deviation

28. The following distribution is the heights of randomly sampled

students from St. Patrick Academy:

Heights (in cm) Frequeny

140-144

145-149.
150-154
155-159 10
160-164 19
165-169 12
170-174 8
175-179

Compute the mean using the deviation method.

 29. The following
frequency distribution is the scores of the
studentsin Physics: sampled

Scores
Frequengy
19-21
1

22-24
2
25-27
28-30
31-33 9
34-36 11

37-39 7
40-42 5
43-45 3
46-48 2
Find the mean using the deviation method.

MASH
Solve.

30. The weights in kilograms of the 30 packages of beef are listed

below.

0.90 1.12 1.20 0.91 0.89

0.98 1.24 1.42 0.89 1.30
0.99 1.36 1.31 1.30 1.31

1.05 1.40 1.28 1.26 0.95

1.18 1.30 0.95 1.24 1.36
1.05 1.24 1.42 0.99 1.12

Prepare the frequency distribution table.

b. Compure the population mean and the populaion standard

deviation from the FDT.

SI. A set of 50 numbers consists of nine 7s, ten &s, twelve 9s,
ten 10s, fve 1ls, and the remainder were 12s. Find the mean of
the numbers.