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Sensors in Automation

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 Sensors in Automation
By
Ahmad Humaizi bin Hilmi

Assalamualaikum and Salam Sejahtera all

.
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.
Sensors in Automation: Guidelines for
Postgraduates and Researchers
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This book contains latest research related to Sensors in Automation
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i. Guidelines for Postgraduates and Researchers

The article highlights the importance of adopting effective Sensors in Automation strategies, including
the development, implementation, and management of sensor models. It emphasizes the need for
professionals in computer science, engineering, and data science to collaborate across disciplines to
create holistic solutions for improving production systems.

Postgraduate students and researchers with an interest in the application of Sensors in Automation in
production systems will find this article to be an invaluable resource. By thoroughly studying the
information provided in this article and staying informed about the latest developments in the relevant
field, you can make a significant contribution to enhancing the efficiency, resilience, and sustainability
of industrial environments in the era of Industry 4.0.
1.0 A Comprehensive Look at the Role of Sensors in Automation

Sensors are undeniably vital to automation in a wide array of industries, as they provide the ability to
measure, monitor, and manage different aspects of various processes (Abella et al., 2019). Acting as
tiny sentinels, these devices detect fluctuations in their surroundings and convert the physical changes
into electrical signals that can be processed by control systems. The incorporation of sensors in
automation has had a profound impact on efficiency, productivity, and safety in numerous applications
(Agarwalla & Das, 2021).

Whether it's manufacturing, agriculture, or home automation, sensors are the unsung heroes that help
to streamline operations and minimize human intervention (Ayadi et al., 2022). They gather crucial
data from the environment, providing invaluable information that control systems can use to make
well-informed decisions. The real-time input from sensors enhances the overall performance, safety,
and reliability of automation systems (Bath et al., 2021).

Many automation systems seamlessly integrate sensors with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs),
actuators, and other essential components to create sophisticated, high-performance solutions (Batra
et al., 2019). This harmonious connection allows for accurate control of process variables in industrial
and manufacturing settings, leading to optimized production and improved supply chain management
(Biswal et al., 2020).

In the realm of agriculture, sensors have given rise to precision farming techniques, empowering
farmers to keep tabs on environmental conditions and make informed choices about resource
allocation (Campos et al., 2020). Home automation also benefits from the use of sensors, as they
enable intelligent control of lighting, heating, and security systems, resulting in energy savings and an
enhanced quality of life (Chen & Ge, 2022).
The increasing prevalence of sensors in automation underscores their importance as key components
in today's manufacturing, process control, and countless other applications (Desyatirikova et al., 2021).
As technology continues to advance, the role of sensors in automation is poised to grow even further,
unlocking new avenues for efficiency and innovation across a diverse range of sectors (Eraliev & Bracco,
2021).

2.0 Exploring the Latest Innovations in Sensor Technology for

Automation

Sensor technology has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, leading to new and exciting
applications across a wide range of industries (Morales et al., 2022). Some of these cutting-edge
developments include the use of soft sensors, inertial sensors, wireless sensor networks, tactile
sensors, deep learning techniques, and integration with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial
Intelligence (AI).

Soft sensors are gaining popularity in the automation sector for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing
various processes (Chen & Ge, 2022). Techniques such as auto-regression-based ant colony
optimization (AR_ACO) are employed to enhance control optimization, fault detection rates, and other
performance indicators (Chen & Ge, 2022). By using advanced data processing and modeling methods,
soft sensors can accurately estimate process variables in real-time, ultimately boosting system
efficiency (Chen & Ge, 2022).

The emergence of inertial sensors has paved the way for seamless interaction with home automation
systems through real-time hand gesture recognition (Eguchi et al., 2020). Sensors like LEAP, which offer
a broader range of gesture recognition with improved accuracy and computational speed compared
to KINECT, ACCELEROMETER, and GYROSCOPE sensors, have expanded their application scope (Eguchi
et al., 2020).

In the agricultural sector, wireless sensor networks have led to the creation of irrigation control
systems that gather data from fields and optimize irrigation based on soil moisture content (Das et al.,
2022). This advancement minimizes water consumption and labor expenses. IoT-based sensor systems,
such as low-power wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) for urban garden irrigation, have
been integrated with ZigBee technology to automate micro-irrigation processes and enhance
efficiency (Eraliev & Bracco, 2021).

Tactile sensors are increasingly being utilized in robotics, specifically in robotic hands, to estimate
external forces and improve object manipulation capabilities (Kim & Kim, 2022). The introduction of
portable sensor/actuator modules, like those used in PLC trainers, has made automation labs more
accessible and flexible, providing hands-on experience with automation equipment that interacts
seamlessly with various sensors and actuators (Kicklighter, 2021).

Deep learning, a branch of machine learning, is finding greater use in designing soft sensors for
complex nonlinear systems (Chen & Ge, 2022). The robustness and accuracy of deep learning make it
the perfect choice for capturing intricate relationships between process variables. For instance, deep
learning has been employed for feature representation in soft sensors, resulting in better process
control, optimization, and monitoring in industrial applications (Chen & Ge, 2022).
Virtual sensors are being used in situations where physical sensors are limited or absent, leveraging
physical relationships in a model to enhance the detection of issues such as fouling in district heating
substations (Kim et al., 2021). The integration of IoT with sensors has given rise to smart sensor
networks in home automation systems, industrial automation, and surveillance (Khanchuea &
Siripokarpirom, 2019). These networks can collect and process vast amounts of data in real-time,
allowing for easier remote monitoring and control of various processes (Khanchuea & Siripokarpirom,
2019).

Arduino, an open-source platform, has been combined with passive infrared (PIR) sensors to create
automated lighting systems (Eben Sophia et al., 2019). By detecting human movement, these sensors
can automatically turn lights on and off, leading to energy savings and increased convenience (Eben
Sophia et al., 2019). Machine learning and wireless sensor networks have also been integrated to
develop intelligent library

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8.0 Other Books from the Author

Thank you for reading this book. I hope you can benefit from this guideline. You can read my other
books too.
As of this time of writing, I had written 111 books on research topics. My other books are as the
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55. Crack Propagation in Fatigue : Potential Research Gaps and Methodologies for Crack
Propagation in Fatigue, compiled from 4162 articles published between 2010 and 2021
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09LHVDN4N

56. Reliability Analysis in Manufacturing: Research Gaps and Research Methodologies:

Guidelines for Postgraduates and Researchers
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BRHHSLP5

57. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Life Cycle Cost in Manufacturing: 189 Potential
research topics, Problem statements, Research Objectives, 2448 Abbreviations and 1942
Methodologies
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BQRVZJDD

58. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Underwater Shock Waves: 194 Potential
Research Topics, Problem statements, 390 Abbreviations and 2997 List of Methodologies
from 1953 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BQCMT5XN

59. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Cost Benefit Analysis in Flexible
Manufacturing System : 116 Research Topics, 691 Abbreviations and 2174 List of
Methodologies from 644 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BPYPJ9SD

60. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Performance Analysis: 395 Potential Research
Topics, 1001 Abbreviations and 2786 List of Methodologies from 1000 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BPX1FGL4

61. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Blast Mitigation: 184 Potential Research
Topics, 1052 Abbreviations and 2673 List of Methodologies from 2318 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BPR3PTQC
62. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Shaped Charge: 196 Potential Titles, 644
Abbreviations and 2707 List of Methodologies from 1965 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BPMPJGB4

63. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Waterjet Cutting: 342 Potential Research
Topics, 2210 Abbreviations and 2739 List of Methodologies from 1000 References
 https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BPKR9R64

64. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Offshore Oil Fields: 399 Potential Research
Topics, 1634 Abbreviations, 2959 List of Methodologies from 5155 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BPCZQGZ5

65. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Offshore Oil Well Production: 312 Potential
Research Titles, 2738 List of Methodologies from 5106 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BP2J6RGN
66. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Grounded Theory: 276 Potential titles and
1926 Methodologies from 4716 References
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BNZDKLWY
67. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Fluid Flow in Engineering: 267 Potential Titles
and 1954 Methodologies for Research
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BNW39QXV
68. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Fluid Flow in Engineering: Analysis from 4000
journals
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BMM63JQD
69. Research Topics And List of Methodologies for Solidification of Metals in Casting: Analysis
from 4000 journals
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BMKW8S5R
70. List of Equipment for Metal Casting Research: Analysis from 4000 journals
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BMFSVXTD
71. Research Topics for Metal Casting: 491 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BMB7M8RS
72. Research Topics for Sheet Metal Forming: 444 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BM86YWKJ
73. Research Topics for Cost Benefit Analysis in Engineering: 526 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BM6MR7ZB
74. Research Topics for Industrial Revolution 4.0: 502 Potential Research Titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BM63PVH1
75. Research Topics for Queuing Theory: 312 Potential research titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BLZFHJLQ
76. Research Topics for Life Cycle Analysis: 353 Potential Research
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BLRMXXPY
77. Research Topics for Performance Analysis in Engineering: 696 Potential Research Titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BLMYDJXP
78. Research Topics for System Analysis in Medicine: 304 Potential Research Titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BLL726H7
79. Research Topics for System Analysis in Mathematics: 254 Potential Research Titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BLJ9P7XY
80. Research Topics for System Analysis in Computer Science: 378 Potential Research Titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BLH8MBQL
81. Research Topics for System Analysis in Engineering: 546 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BL9T9W1N
82. Research Topics for Automated Guided Vehicles: 316 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BL6F3NYQ
83. Research Topics for Flexible Manufacturing System: 314 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BL2NL37W
84. Research Topics for Project Tracking: 389 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BKYVX768
 85. Research Topics for Risk Management: 434 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BKXL4TKN
86. Research Topics for Cost Budgeting: 415 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BKW2QBJH
87. Research Topics for Resource Planning: 351 Potential Research Titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BKRNL2KX
88. Research Topics for Critical Path Planning: 1020 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BKQ2LR6Q
89. Research Topics for Project Schedule: 549 Potential Research Titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BKLPNLKV
90. Research Topics for Work Breakdown Structure: 456 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BK9WMP8H
91. Research Topics for Project Team Member: 656 Potential research topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BK5Z1CWR
92. Research Topics for Project Stakeholder: 534 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJYRP8QT
93. Research Topics for Project Manager: 448 Potential research topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJTWJDZ2
94. Research Topics for Project Management: 391 Potential research topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJQGCHH6
95. Research Topics for Project Planning: 835 Potential topics for Project Planning
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJLDZPG7
96. Research Topics for Friction Stir Welding: 474 Potential Research topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJFJCSJQ
97. Research Topics for Injection Molding: 611 Potential research topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJFL34FX
98. Research Topics for Electric Welding: 554 Potential Research Topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJ84SMQX
99. Research Topics for Spot Welding: 453 potential research titles
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJ7XZQV4
100. Research Topics for Gas Welding: 307 potential research topics
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BJ2765TB
101. Research Topics for Electrical Arc Welding
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BHZKY3C7
102. Sustainability in Manufacturing: Research Gaps, Problem Statements and Research
Methodologies
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BS1SW4G6

My Books in 2023
103. Explosive Severing of Offshore Pillars: Problem Statements Research Methodologies
Research Gaps
https://a.co/d/1j3PBO5
104. Quran : Latest research In Year 2022: Which includes: Problem Statements, Research
Methodologies, List of Methodologies and Potential Research Topics
https://a.co/d/5j2hjEx

105. Explosive Building Demolition : Latest research In Year 2022: Problem Statements,
Research Methodologies, List of Methodologies and Potential Research Topics
https://a.co/d/dBaicbI
 106. Graphene Research in 2022: Potential Topics, Methodologies and Problem
Statements
https://a.co/d/aBP03hy

107. Abrasive Waterjet Researches in 2022: Potential Topics, Methodologies,

Expected Results and Problem Statements
https://a.co/d/fCQ4mkJ

108. Islamic Banking Researches in 2022: Which includes ; Problem statements,

Research Objectives, Expected results, Future researches and List of Methodologies
https://a.co/d/iEYzuuy

109. Diabetes Research since 2022: Problem statements, research Objectives,

Expected results and Future research
https://a.co/d/7w9vqE0

110. Machine Learning in Production Systems: Innovations, Challenges, and

Opportunities: Guidelines for Postgraduates and Researchers
https://a.co/d/gRuNF40
111. Digital Twins in Production Systems: Guidelines for Postgraduates and
Researchers
https://a.co/d/5pQXRKG

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