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    CAAL Chapter 2 Lecture 3 Amdhal's

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    CAAL Chapter 2 Lecture 3 Amdhal's

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    3 views10 pages

    CAAL Chapter 2 Lecture 3 Amdhal's

    Uploaded by

    beshahashenafi32

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 10

    Chapter Two

    Performance Assessment
    Exercise

    A AS TU ,SO FT WA RE EN GI NEE RI NG DE PA RT MEN T


    T AM ER U H .
    Amdhal’s law
     Gene Amdahl [AMDA67]
     Potential speed up of program using multiple processors
    For program running on single processor

     Fraction f of code infinitely parallelizable with no


    scheduling overhead
     Fraction (1-f) of code inherently serial
     T is total execution time for program on single processor
     N is number of processors that fully exploit parallel
    portions of code
    Cont’d..
    Cont’d…

    Conclusions

     f small, parallel processors has little effect


     N ->∞, speedup bound by 1/(1 – f)
    Diminishing returns for using more processors
    Exercise 1

    Consider 4 potential applications of the Amdhal’s Law


    Formula:
    1. 95% of a task/program/etc. is improved by 10%
    2. 5% of a task/program/etc. is improved by 10X
    3. 5% of a task/program/etc. is infinitely improved
    4. 95% of a task/program/etc. is infinitely improved

    For all 4 cases, what is the overall speedup of the


    task?
    Exercise 2
    Consider two different implementations, M1 and M2, of the
    same instruction set. There are three classes of instructions
    (A, B, and C) in the instruction set. M1 has a clock rate of 80
    MHz and M2 has a clock rate of 100 MHz. The average
    number of cycles for each instruction class and their
    frequencies (for a typical program) are as follows:

    (a) Calculate the average CPI for each machine, M1, and M2.
    Cont’d..

    (b) Calculate the average MIPS ratings for each


    machine, M1 and M2.

    (c) Which machine has a smaller MIPS rating ?


    Which individual instruction class CPI do you need
    to change, and by how much, to have this machine
    have the same or better performance as the machine
    with the higher MIPS rating (you can only change the
    CPI for one of the instruction classes on the slower
    machine)?
    Exercise 3

    Computer A has an overall CPI of 1.3 and can be run


    at a clock rate of 600MHz. Computer B has a CPI of
    2.5 and can be run at a clock rate of 750 Mhz. We
    have a particular program we wish to run. When
    compiled for computer A, this program has exactly
    100,000 instructions. How many instructions would
    the program need to have when compiled for
    Computer B, in order for the two computers to have
    exactly the same execution time for this program?
    Exercise 4

    The design team for a simple, single-issue processor is


    choosing between a pipelined or non-pipelined
    implementation. Here are some design parameters for
    the two possibilities:
    Cont’d…

    (a) For a program with 20% ALU instructions, 10%


    control instructions and 75% memory instructions,
    which design will be faster? Give a quantitative CPI
    average for each case.

    (b) For a program with 80% ALU instructions, 10%


    control instructions and 10% memory instructions,
    which design will be faster? Give a quantitative CPI
    average for each case.

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