H2SO4 D D

H3PO2

HClO4 H3PO3

H3PO4 HClO

H2CO3 HClO3

H3BO3

H3PO4 220°C 320°C D

100°C 140°C Red Hot
H3BO3

CaO B2O3

Na2O2 RbO2

NaH H2O
SiH4
Ca2Si

CaC2 + H2O
Mg3B2 (Acetilide)

Mg3N2 Al4C3 + H2O

(Methanide)

Ca3P2 Mg2C3 + H2O

BCl3 + H2O BF3 + H2O

PCl3 + H2O

PCl5 + H2O SiF4 + H2O

SO2Cl2 + H2O
Sulphuril Chloride

SOCl2 + H2O
Thionyl Chloride

SiCl4 + H2O
Room
CCl4 + H2O Temperature
 Room
NF3 Temperature
ICl

NCl3 CIF3

PCl3 IF5

AsCl3 IF7

F2 + H2O
SbCl3
Br2 + H2O
BiCl3
Cl2 + H2O
SCl4

SF6 : No hydrolysis I2 + H2O

TeF6 I– + H+ + O2

H2O H2O H2O

XeF6

H2O
XeF2

H2O
XeF6
H2O

XeF4
H2O

BeO
H2CO3
Be(OH)2
HNO3
ZnO
H3PO4
PbO
H3PO2

CO2 PbO2

N2O5
SnO
P2O5
SnO2
Cl2O7

SiO2
M = Sn , Al , Pb , Zn , B , Si F2 NaOH

M + NaOH NaxMOy + H2
R.T.

Cl2 Hot

R.T.
Br2
Hot
H2O

P4
NaOH
R.T.
H2O l2
Hot
S8
NaOH

ir ozo bich-bazar mar gya per-man per man ka control nhi

F2 O3 CaOCl2 S2O82– KMnO4 / H+ H2O2 MnO2 K2Cr2O7/H+

kal nayi krega safayi

Cl2 HNO3 H2SO4

bahar nitrous ir
Br2 HNO2 Fe3+

se aayi
I2 Bi+5 Pb+4 : SOA

Fe+2 Fe+3 SO2 SO3 / SO42– CO CO2

Cl– Cl2 HNO2 HNO3

H3PO3 H3PO4

Br– Br2 H2O O2

H2S S
I– I2 NO NO2

Sn+2 Sn+4
NH3 N2 H2SO3 H2SO4

H2O2 O2 S S2– SO2 H2C2O4 CO2

 K2Cr2O7/H+ Cr+3

F2 F– Fe+3 Fe+2

Conc. HNO3 NO2

Br2 Br–
Dil. HNO3 NO / N2O
Cl2 Cl– H+
Mn+2
HNO2 NO
I2 I– KMnO4
Pb+4 Pb+2 Neutral
MnO2
O3 O2 / O2– Bi+5 Bi+3
base
MnO4–2
H2O2 H2O Cu+2 Cu+1

CaOCl2 CaCl2
MnO2 Mn2+
Ag+ Ag

C2O42– KI
F2 + Cl–

F2 + Br– H2SO3 Fe2+(Green)

KMnO4 /
F2 + l–
H+
SO32– Oxalic acid

Cl2 + Br– NO2– H2S

Cl2 + I– I–

Neutral Mild basic

S2O32–
MnO4 –
Br2 + I–
ZnO as catalyst
Mn2+

MnCl2 + K2S2O8 + H2O

MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e–

10I– + 2MnO4– + 16H+

5Fe2+ + MnO4– + 8 H+
5C2O42– + 2MnO4– + 16H+
5S2– + 2MnO4– + 16H+

5SO32– + 2MnO4– + 6H+

5NO2– + 2MnO4– + 6H+

In neutral of faintly alkaline KMnO4 : 2MnO4– + H2O + I–
8MnO4– + 3S2O32– + H2O

2MnO4– + 3Mn2+ + 2H2O

 H2S

Sn2+

K2Cr2O7/H+
Fe2+

I–

Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e–

6I– 3I2 + 6e–

3H2S 6H+ + 3S + 6e–

3Sn2+ 3Sn4+ + 6e–

6Fe2+ 6Fe3+ + 6e–

Black Phos. Pn

573 K 803 K
P4 (P4)n Pn a-form
Sealed tube

473 K b-form
Pn
Under high pressure

AgNO3 + H2O + H3PO2

1. B.P. 13th & 14 : ? (Top to bottom)

15th, 16th, 17th, 18th : ? (Top to bottom)

2. M.P. 13th B > Al > Ga < In < Tl

14th C > Si > Ge > Sn < Pb (Same Order as I.E.)

15th N < P < As > Sb > Bi

16th, 17th, 18th ? Top to Bottom : M.P. ?

3. Density : ? Top ? Bottom in P -block

One Exception : C > Si
 KMnO4 / H+ K2Cr2O7 / H+

H2SO4
O2 CuCl2
HCl MnO2
PbO2
O3

Pb3O4
CaOCl2

KMnO4 / H+ K2Cr2O7 / H+

O3 H2SO4

HBr
PbO2 MnO2

Pb3O4 CaOCl2

KMnO4 / H+ K2Cr2O7 / H+

HNO3 K2S2O8

O3
H2SO4

HIO3
HI
MnO2
PbO2

FeCl3
HNO2

Pb3O4 CaOCl2
 FeSO4 + H2SO4 + Cl2

Na2SO3 + Cl2 + H2O

SO2 + H2O + Cl2

I2 + H2O + Cl2

Cu + H2SO4

S + H2SO4

C + H2SO4

HNO3 + Non metals – ic acid + NO2

HNO3 + S

HNO3 + I2

HNO3 + P4

HNO3 + C

Zn + Conc. HNO3

Cu + Conc. HNO3

Zn + dil. HNO3

Cu + dil. HNO3

Fe3+
I– + S2O82–

An explanation of this catalytic action can be given as :

Fe3+ + I–
Fe2+ + S2O82–

I2 + Na2S2O3