Penjelasan Chapter Structure

Dosen pengampu: Nyak Mutia Ismail, S.Pd., M.
Pd
Materi belajar Structure MKU Bahasa Inggris USK Semester Ganjil
2024-2025
CHAPTER 1 and CHAPTER 3

SUBJECT AND VERB
 Subject:
 Bagian kalimat yang menyatakan siapa atau apa yang melakukan

tindakan atau menjadi fokus dalam kalimat.
 Biasanya berupa kata benda (noun), kata ganti (pronoun), atau frasa
kata benda (noun phrase).
 Verb:
 Kata kerja yang menunjukkan aksi (action) atau keadaan (state of

being) dalam kalimat.
 Verb bisa berupa kata kerja utama (main verb) atau kata kerja bantu
(auxiliary verb).
Verb dalam Bahasa Inggris mengikuti Tense:
Latihan:
1. She ____ to the gym every morning before work.

a) go
b) goes
c) is going
d) gone
2. We ____ dinner when the phone rang.
a) were having
b) had
c) are having
d) has
3. The report ____ by the committee last Friday.
a) will complete
b) was completed
c) is completing
d) completes
4. By the time the guests arrive, we ____ the decorations.

a) finish
b) will have finished
c) will finish
d) are finishing
5. If I had known about the meeting, I ____ attended it.

a) will have
b) would have
c) would
d) have
6. John said he ____ to the party if he had time.

a) will come
b) would come
c) comes
d) is coming
7. He ____ swim very well when he was younger.

a) can
b) could
c) may
d) will
8. You ____ finish your homework before going out.

a) might
b) can
c) should
d) will
9. The students ____ be in class by 8:00 AM every day.

a) must
b) can
c) may
d) might
10. Neither of the answers ____ correct.
a) is
b) are
c) were
d) be
CHAPTER 2
PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLE
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Aktif:
Original:
The woman who wrote the letter is my aunt.
(Kalimat ini menyatakan bahwa "woman" melakukan tindakan "wrote.")
Reduced Clause:
The woman writing the letter is my aunt.
(Penggunaan present participle menunjukkan tindakan aktif yang
dilakukan oleh subjek.)
Pasif:
Original:
The letter that was written by her is on the table.
(Kalimat ini menyatakan bahwa tindakan "was written" dilakukan terhadap
"the letter.")
Reduced Clause:
The letter written by her is on the table.
(Penggunaan past participle menunjukkan bahwa tindakan pasif telah
selesai dilakukan.)
Penjelasan:
 Reduced adjective clause menghilangkan relative pronoun (who,

that) dan kata kerja bantu (is, was).
 Dalam kalimat aktif, kata kerja diubah menjadi bentuk present
participle (V-ing).
 Dalam kalimat pasif, kata kerja diubah menjadi past participle (V3).
More examples:
Latihan
1.The man ____ at the door is my neighbor.

a) standing
b) who stands
c) which is standing
d) to stand
Answer: a) standing
Penjelasan: Kalimat ini adalah bentuk reduced adjective clause dari The
man who is standing at the door.
2.The letters ____ yesterday are on your desk.

a) sent
b) sending
c) who sent
d) which are sending
Answer: a) sent
Penjelasan: Kalimat ini adalah bentuk reduced clause dari The letters
that/which were sent yesterday.
3.Anyone ____ to attend the meeting should register online.

a) invited
b) inviting
c) who is invited
d) which invites
Answer: a) invited
Penjelasan: Ini adalah bentuk reduced adjective clause dari Anyone
who is invited to attend the meeting.
4.The woman ____ a red dress is my aunt.

a) wearing
b) who wears
c) worn
d) to wear
Answer: a) wearing
Penjelasan: Kalimat ini berasal dari The woman who is wearing a red
dress dan disederhanakan menjadi wearing.
5.The students ____ in the library are preparing for the exam.
a) studying
b) studied
c) who are studying
d) which study
Answer: a) studying
Penjelasan: Kalimat aslinya adalah The students who are studying in the
library.
6.The documents ____ by the lawyer were submitted to the court.

a) prepared
b) preparing
c) which prepare
d) who prepares
Answer: a) prepared
Penjelasan: Ini adalah bentuk reduced clause dari The documents that
were prepared by the lawyer.
7.The house ____ on the hill belongs to Mr. Smith.

a) located
b) locating
c) which locates
d) to locate
Answer: a) located
Penjelasan: Ini adalah bentuk reduced adjective clause dari The house
which is located on the hill.
8.The child ____ by the nurse is recovering well.

a) treated
b) treating
c) who treats
d) which treated
Answer: a) treated
Penjelasan: Ini adalah bentuk reduced clause dari The child who was
treated by the nurse.
9.Books ____ in the 18th century are difficult to read.

a) written
b) writing
c) who write
d) which writes
Answer: a) written
Penjelasan: Kalimat ini berasal dari Books that were written in the 18th
century.
10.The people ____ in the hall are waiting for the announcement.
a) gathered
b) gathering
c) who gather
d) which gather
Answer: b) gathering
Penjelasan: Ini adalah bentuk reduced adjective clause dari The people
who are gathering in the hall.
LATIHAN
Instruksi: Jawab langsung di file word, kemudian di printout dan

dikumpulkan minggu depan. Yang di print hanya bagian Latihan,
tidak perlu semua.
A. Adjective Clause
1. The man_______ (who speak) to the manager is my uncle.

2. The students _______ (who win) the competition will receive a
scholarship.
3. The book _______ (that I buy) yesterday is very interesting.
4. The woman _______ (whom you see) at the party is my cousin.
5. I need a person _______ (who understand) this software.
6. The car _______ (which be) parked outside belongs to John.
7. The house _______ (that be build) last year is already sold.
8. She is the one _______ (whose idea) saved the project.
9. The place _______ (where we meet) was very crowded.
10. Do you know the reason _______ (why she leave)?
11. The teacher _______ (who teach) us English is very friendly.
12. We visited the museum _______ (which be close) to our hotel.
13. I found the keys _______ (that I lose) a week ago.
14. He bought a laptop _______ (which be affordable) but powerful.
15. The people _______ (who live) next door are very kind.
16. The movie _______ (that you recommend) was amazing.
17. She knows a shop _______ (which sell) beautiful antiques.
18. The letter _______ (that be send) by John arrived yesterday.
19. The child _______ (whose toy be) lost is crying.
20. He showed me a photo of the place _______ (where he grow up).
21. The student _______ (who answer) the question got a reward.
22. I like people _______ (who always smile).
23. We stayed in a hotel _______ (which overlook) the sea.
24. Do you remember the time _______ (when we first meet)?
25. The reason _______ (why he quit) remains unknown.
B. Reduced Adjective Clause
26. The man _______ (stand) at the gate is my friend.

27. The book _______ (write) by her is a bestseller.
28. The house _______ (paint) last summer looks new again.
29. Anyone _______ (invite) to the event should confirm attendance.
30. The teacher _______ (give) the lecture is an expert in his field.
31. The documents _______ (prepare) by the secretary are ready.
32. The students _______ (study) in the library are preparing for the
exam.
33. The flowers _______ (plant) in the garden are blooming
beautifully.
34. The boy _______ (play) in the yard is my cousin.
35. The car _______ (repair) at the workshop belongs to my father.
36. The woman _______ (wear) a red dress is the host of the event.
37. The keys _______ (leave) on the table belong to me.
38. The man _______ (wait) for the bus is an old friend of mine.
39. The letter _______ (deliver) yesterday contains important
information.
40. People _______ (live) in this area are very friendly.
41. The cake _______ (make) by my sister is delicious.
42. The child _______ (sleep) in the crib is my niece.
43. The new building _______ (construct) downtown will open soon.
44. The woman _______ (sing) on the stage has a beautiful voice.
45. The package _______ (ship) last week has just arrived.
46. The cat _______ (lie) on the sofa looks so comfortable.
47. The shoes _______ (buy) online are too small.
48. The people _______ (gather) in the hall are waiting for the
announcement.
49. The book _______ (recommend) by the librarian is very helpful.
50. The man _______ (teach) in the classroom is our new professor.

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Dosen pengampu: Nyak Mutia Ismail, S.Pd., M.

CHAPTER 1 and CHAPTER 3

 Bagian kalimat yang menyatakan siapa atau apa yang melakukan

 Kata kerja yang menunjukkan aksi (action) atau keadaan (state of

1. She ____ to the gym every morning before work.

4. By the time the guests arrive, we ____ the decorations.

5. If I had known about the meeting, I ____ attended it.

6. John said he ____ to the party if he had time.

7. He ____ swim very well when he was younger.

8. You ____ finish your homework before going out.

9. The students ____ be in class by 8:00 AM every day.

PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLE

 Reduced adjective clause menghilangkan relative pronoun (who,

1.The man ____ at the door is my neighbor.

2.The letters ____ yesterday are on your desk.

3.Anyone ____ to attend the meeting should register online.

4.The woman ____ a red dress is my aunt.

6.The documents ____ by the lawyer were submitted to the court.

7.The house ____ on the hill belongs to Mr. Smith.

8.The child ____ by the nurse is recovering well.

9.Books ____ in the 18th century are difficult to read.

Instruksi: Jawab langsung di file word, kemudian di printout dan

1. The man_______ (who speak) to the manager is my uncle.

B. Reduced Adjective Clause

26. The man _______ (stand) at the gate is my friend.

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