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Geology Presentation

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Geology Presentation

Happy learning everyone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUGITE

Augite is a rock-forming mineral that commonly occurs in


mafic and intermediate igneous rocks such as basalt, gabbro,
andesite, and diorite. It is found in these rocks throughout the
world, wherever they occur. Augite is also found in ultramafic
rocks and in some metamorphic rocks that form under high
temperatures.
Augite has a chemical composition of (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)
(Si,Al)2O6 with many paths of solid solution. Commonly
associated minerals include orthoclase, plagioclase, olivine, and
hornblende
Augite is the most common pyroxene mineral and a member of
the clinopyroxene group. Some people use the names "augite"
and "pyroxene" interchangeably, but this usage is strongly
discouraged. There are a large number of pyroxene minerals,
many of which are distinctly different and easy to identify.
Augite, diopside, jadeite, spodumene, and hypersthene are just a
few of the distinctly different pyroxene minerals.
Augite does not have any physical, optical, or chemical
properties that make it especially useful. It is therefore one of
the few minerals that has no commercial use. The calcium
content of augite has been found to be of limited use in studies
of the temperature history of igneous rocks.
GYPSUM

Gypsum is an evaporite mineral most


commonly found in layered sedimentary
deposits in association with halite, anhydrite,
sulfur, calcite, and dolomite. Gypsum
(CaSO4.2H2O) is very similar to Anhydrite
(CaSO4). The chemical difference is that
gypsum contains two waters and anhydrite is
without water. Gypsum is the most common
sulfate mineral.
Gypsum uses include: manufacture of
wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, soil
conditioning, a hardening retarder in portland
cement. Varieties of gypsum known as "satin
spar" and "alabaster" are used for a variety of
ornamental purposes; however, their low
hardness limits their durability.
SPHALERITE

Sphalerite is a zinc sulfide mineral with a chemical


composition of (Zn,Fe)S. It is found in metamorphic,
igneous, and sedimentary rocks in many parts of the
world. Sphalerite is the most commonly encountered zinc
mineral and the world's most important ore of zinc.
Dozens of countries have mines that produce sphalerite.
Recent top producers include Australia, Bolivia, Canada,
China, India, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru, and the
United States. In the United States, sphalerite is produced
in Alaska, Idaho, Missouri, and Tennessee. [1]
The name sphalerite is from the Greek word "sphaleros"
which means deceiving or treacherous. This name is in
response to the many different appearances of sphalerite
and because it can be challenging to identify in hand
specimens. Names for sphalerite used in the past or by
miners include "zinc blende," "blackjack," "steel jack,"
and "rosin jack."

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