LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

Text 1
The Eskimos have lived on the coasts of Baffin Island for the last 4000 years or so.
Although a European, Martin Frobisher, seeking gold and a route to China, reached the Island
in 1576, Europeans had little influence on the Eskimo’s way of life until the nineteenth
century.
The Eskimos continued, as they had for thousands of years before, to manage to live
in one of the unfriendliest parts of the world, hunting with weapons made of bone, living in
houses made of snow, and wearing clothes made from skins and furs. They had neither
metal nor wood, and depended entirely on the meat, fat and bone of the animals they could
catch from the Artic sea or land in order to survive. They lived in small groups of several
families, and the best hunter of the group was also leader.
European came increasing numbers in the second half of the 19th century to hunt
whales. They also began trading with the Eskimos, giving them metal cooking pots, guns
and cloth in return for skins, and adding tea, sugar and flour to the meat which had formerly
been almost their only food.
The Eskimos came to rely more and more on these goods from abroad, but still did
not change their way of life in any important way. They still lived in small groups in the best
hunting areas, and if they were careless or unlucky their family could die of hunger.
Then in the fifties of this century, the Canadian Government suddenly became
interested in its Eskimo population. Since then it has built towns near the Arctic Circle with
schools and cheap wooden houses for the Eskimos, and more of them have come to live in
these houses. Fewer and fewer Eskimos want to go hunting now, but in the Arctic towns
there is no other kind of work for them to do.

1. The text is about …. a. gold b. skin c. whale fat d. animal bones

a. the first European on Baffin Island e. metal
b. trading between the Eskimos and
Europeans 4. Which of the following statements is
c. the changing way of life of the Eskimos TRUE?
d. how the Eskimos lived 4000 years ago a. Europeans have always been better
e. what the Canadian Government did for hunters than the Eskimos
the Eskimos b. The Government began to build school
for the Eskimos children in 1850
2. Which of the following statements is c. There was more variety in the food
NOT TRUE? eaten by the Eskimos after the European
a. Martin Frobisher was trying to find a traders came
new way to China when he came to Baffin d. The first European who found gold on
Island Baffin Island was Martin Frobisher
b. In the past, survival for the Eskimos and e. The Eskimos did not like the wooden
their families depended on their skill as houses by the government
hunters
c. Eskimos used primitive weapons for 5. After reading the text, we know that
thousands of years most important change in the Eskimo’s
d. Nowadays Eskimos do not go hunting way of life took place ….
anymore, even those living in the Arctic a. when the first European came
Circle b. in the mid-nineteenth century
e. Baffin Island is located in the Arctic of c. when the whale hunters came in
Canada increasing number
d. at the beginning of the twentieth
3. European used to trade with the century
Eskimos to obtain ….
e. when the government began to take
care of the Eskimos

Text 2
Although dinosaurs roamed virtually the whole earth for 160 million years, dinosaur skeletons are
relatively scarce. Many dinosaurs are known only from a single tooth or bone chip. The reason is that it takes very
special conditions to make a fossil and a lot of luck to find one.
For many years, information about Tyrannosaurus rex was sketchy at best. However, in the summer of
1990, the first nearly complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton ever found was excavated in the Montana badlands. That
same year a second, even more complete, skeleton was found in South Dakota. Together these skeletons yielded
surprising new insights into the most famous of the dinosaurs, about the anatomy and behavior of T. rex and the
world in which it lived.

Among the surprising discoveries were that T. rex was a far sleeker, but more powerful, carnivore than
previously thought, perhaps weighing less than 6 1/2 tons, no more than a bull elephant, and that T. rex's habitat was
forest, not swamp or plain as previously believed. Moreover, there appears to have been two forms of T. rex, the
male quite different from the female. Scientists hope that future fossil discoveries and increasingly more
sophisticated techniques will provide more accurate and complete information about not only T. rex but all the
dinosaurs, giving us a window on the world so many millions of years into the past influenced by our biological
heritage, but most doubt that either imprinting or true instincts occur in human beings.

6. From the passage we know that fossils … c. it was a fast, plain-dwelling dinosaur
a. are unusually found in the form of chips d. it was a gigantic, forest-dwelling dinosaur
b. are usually found in beds containing complete e. it was a small, plant-eating dinosaur
skeletons
c. are few compared to the number of dinosaurs 9. The scientists have been surprised by …
d. are easy to discover but difficult to excavate a. the finding of more sophisticated techniques
e. are still living in South Dakota’s forest b. the tooth of many dinosaurs
c. the world of so many millions of years into the past
7. We may conclude from the text that … d. the anatomy and behavior of T. rex
a. interest in fossils is relatively recent e. special conditions and luck to find fossils
b. it takes advance technique to find fossils
c. dinosaurs were confined to relatively small area 10. Why are so many dinosaurs only known from
d. T. rex is the only one of dinosaurs that people have single tooth or bone chip?
known a. because T. rex was powerful and carnivore
e. the search for fossils has been going on for many b. because it requires fortune and particular
years circumstances for fossil to form
c. because the researchers do not know how to find a
8. Which of the following is true about T, rex complete one
according to the text? d. because the scientists have not known the area
a. it was small but powerful dinosaur where they live
b. it was a strong, meat-eating dinosaur e. because dinosaurs lived 160 years ago

Text 3
People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect
that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. In the years
following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of
sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century.
Accompanying that growth that was a structural change that featured increasing economic
diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to
manufacturing and other non-agricultural pursuits.
 Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and
early nineteenth century. The population roughly doubled every generation during the rest
of the nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive
waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social
mobility - downward as well as upward - touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate
that nearly three - quarters of the population - in the North and South, in the emerging cities
of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West - changed their residence
each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization
affected every segment of society," and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized
values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded." Rapid industrialization and
increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women
because these tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played
in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the
context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of
its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the
size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated
than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy
while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The
intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times
seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.

11. What does the passage mainly 14. The word “roughly” underlined in
discuss? paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ...
A. The economic development of the A. harshly
United States in the eighteenth century B. surprisingly
B. Ways in which economic development C. slowly
led to social changes in the United States D. approximately
C. Population growth in the western United E. exponentially
States
D. The increasing availability of industrial 15. The word “its” underlined in paragraph
jobs f or women in the United States 2 refers to ...
E. Daily life in civil war America A. immigration
B. population
12. The word “prospect” underlined in C. generation
paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ... D. birth rate
A. regret E. nineteenth century
B. possibility
C. theory 16. According to the passage, as the
D. circumstance nineteenth century progressed, the people
E. pervaded of the United States ...
A. emigrated to other countries
13. According to the passage, the B. often settled in the west
economy of the United States between C. tended to change the place in which
1820 and 1900 was ... they lived
A. expanding D. had a higher rate of birth than ever
B. in sharp decline before
C. stagnate E. revolutionized t heir economy from
D. disorganized agriculture to manufacturing
E. innovative
17. Which of the following best describes D. increase
the society about which David Donald E. diminish
wrote?
A. A highly conservative society that was 19. Which of the following is NOT
resistant to new ideas mentioned as an example of the social
B. A society that was undergoing changes occurring
fundamental change in the United States after 1820?
C. A society that had been gradually A. Increased social mobility
changing since the early 1700’s B. Increased immigration
D. A nomadic society that was starting C. Significant movement of population
permanent settlements D. Strong emphasis on traditional social
E. An examination of the prosaic realities values
underpinning the lives of people at that
time 20. The word “distinctions” underlined in
paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ...
18. The word “magnify” underlined in A. differences
paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ... B. classes
A. solve C. accomplishments
B. explain D. characteristics
C. analyze E. emblematic

GOOD LUCK!
(AP)