UNITED NATIONS CHILDRENS FUND

BACKGROUND GUIDE

[Discussing and deliberating on safeguards to protect mental health among the younger
generation.]

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.Letter from the EB -2

2.Introduction to the committee -3
3.Introduction to the agenda -4
4.Contributing factors -5
5.International and Regional Programs -7
6.Questions to ponder on -8
7.Additional resources -9
8.Bibliography -9

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LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE BOARD

Dear delegates,

We are absolutely honoured to introduce you to the United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund at the esteemed Intra School Model United Nations, 2023. We are delighted
to grace and guide you as your Executive Board during the entirety of this conference. This
guide is merely the generalized essence of the agenda at hand and should be used as a starting
point to the substantial amount of research that has to be done in accordance with your
country. The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund is a platform that
ushers numerous nations from around the world to gather and deliberate on immensely
concerning issues associated with the welfare of the younger generation. This conference is
going to act as a focal point to the issue of the prevalence of traumatized and challenged
mental health among younger generations and deliberating on protection of them with various
safeguards to ensure stability and soundness. Your engagement and contribution to this
committee will assist you in analysing and understanding global issues in depth and
diplomatically coming up with conclusive solutions. This conference is an excellent
opportunity to delve in advocacy and learn negotiation, hone your debating skills and come
across interesting insights. As a delegate, you will have to be thorough with your country's
policies and its stance on various issues.

As the members of the Executive Board, we assure you that we will help you navigate this
conference. We encourage you to rigorously research and be well versed with your country's
policies and its international relations. We wish the very best to you and hope you find this
conference engrossing and insightful.

Mihika Shende (co chairperson)

Vidhi Bagadia (co chairperson)
Mihika Gopanpallikar (co chairperson)

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Introduction to the Committee

The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), originally known by the name United
Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, was created by the United Nations
General Assembly (UN-GA) on 11th December 1946 through the resolution 57(1) to provide
emergency food and healthcare to children and mothers in the countries that had been
devastated by World War II. In 1950, UNICEF's mandate was extended to address the long
term needs of children and women in developing countries throughout the world. In 1953 it
became a permanent part of the United Nations System.

The mandate of UNICEF was shifted from providing temporary relief to ensuring long-term
sustainable development goals. Moreover, help countries be able to provide for their own
children in future. Hence, its mission has been extended to Africa and Asia that were not
previously under its mandate. It was noticed that children could not be viewed in isolation but
as an important aspect within the society; children were found to be the most vulnerable in
the society. For example, in cases of wars, children formed part of the refugees, homeless and
died of vulnerable diseases. UNICEF thus, realized the importance of improving the
livelihood through enhanced development projects.

As an integral Specialized Agency of the UN, its work is reviewed annually by ECOSOC.
The internal governance comprises of the Executive Board, which is the official governance
body of UNICEF and is responsible for providing support to, as well as supervising all
activities of, UNICEF in accordance with the overall policy guidance of the GA and
ECOSOC. UNICEF has 191 member countries as its members. The Executive Board is made
up of 36 Member States, elected to three-year terms by the Economic and Social Council,
with the following regional allocation: Africa (8 seats), Asia (7), Eastern Europe (4), Latin
America and Caribbean (5) and Western Europe and Others (12).
Overall management and administration of the organization takes place at different
headquarters, where the Fund’s global policy on children is shaped. It is important to recall
that UNICEF has a unique feature which is different from other UN’s organisms. The
National Committees are an integral part of UNICEF’s global organization. Currently there
are 34 National Committees in the world, each established as an independent local non-
governmental organization. Serving as the public face and dedicated voice of UNICEF, the
National Committees work tirelessly to raise funds from the private sector, promote
children’s rights and secure worldwide visibility for children threatened by poverty, disasters,
armed conflict, abuse and exploitation. Concerning the funding of this institution, it is
exclusively by voluntary contributions, and the National Committees collectively raise
around one-third of UNICEF's annual income. This comes through contributions from
corporations, civil society organizations and more than 6 million individual donors
worldwide.

UNICEF has many significant achievements. UNICEF was successful in improving

children’s lives all around the world and promoting the Convention on the Rights of
Children. Also, UNICEF has made significant contributions like in 1982, the Child Survival
and Development Revolution was launched by UNICEF as an effort to save more children
through the implementation of four primary techniques; monitoring growth, supplying
immunization and providing oral rehydration therapy.

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Introduction to the Agenda

In an era marked by unprecedented challenges and rapid technological advancements, the

imperative of protecting the mental well-being of the younger generation has come to the
forefront of global concerns. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) underscores that
the welfare of children and adolescents not only carries profound moral significance but is
also integral to the sustainable development and prosperity of nations across the globe.
Therefore, we convene to deliberate and propose effective safeguards aimed at nurturing the
mental health of the younger generation. Adolescents and kids, encounter a multitude of
stressors and pressures hitherto unseen in previous epochs. From the profound disruptions
caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the unsettling disruption of educational
routines, to the challenges of cyberbullying, intensified academic competition, and societal
pressures, today's youth confront a labyrinth of complexities, at times overwhelming in
nature. Consequently, mental health issues within this demographic have surged, carrying
repercussions that have far-reaching implications for their current and future well-being. The
United Nations acknowledges that the promotion and safeguarding of the mental health of
children and adolescents stand as integral components of realizing the Sustainable
Development Goals.

UNICEF, as the United Nations agency entrusted with safeguarding the rights of children, is
steadfast in its commitment to confronting the mental health challenges confronting the
younger generation. Our collective objective is to engage in a cooperative endeavour with
member states and stakeholders to cultivate comprehensive strategies, policies, and initiatives
designed to shield the mental well-being of children and adolescents, thereby ensuring they
have the opportunity to flourish and prosper in a nurturing and supportive milieu. As
representatives of UNICEF, we are presented with a distinctive opportunity to shape the
trajectory of the future. Through our dedicated efforts to safeguard the mental well-being of
the younger generation, we collectively strive to mold a world that is characterized by
enhanced brightness and resilience for children and adolescents worldwide. Delegates are
strongly encouraged to put forth practical solutions, proffer best practices gleaned from their
respective nations, and engage in constructive discourse aimed at addressing the agenda.

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Contributing Factors

1.Social

Factors like peer pressure, societal expectations, and the influence of social media can
contribute to increased stress, anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy. Constant comparison to
others, fear of missing out, and cyberbullying can take a toll on their well-being.

It's important to create a supportive environment where young people feel comfortable
expressing themselves and seeking help when needed. Encouraging healthy coping
mechanisms, promoting positive relationships, and fostering open conversations about mental
health can make a positive difference.

2.Economic

Economic factors can indeed contribute to mental trauma among the younger generation.
Financial instability, poverty, and inequality can create immense stress and anxiety. The
pressure to succeed and provide for themselves and their families can be overwhelming.
Limited access to resources, education, and opportunities can further exacerbate these
challenges. It's important to address these economic disparities and create a supportive
environment that offers equal opportunities for all young people.

Individuals from underprivileged backgrounds often encounter a multitude of economic

challenges in accessing mental health resources and support:

1. Limited Financial Resources: Underprivileged families typically have limited

financial resources, making it difficult to allocate funds for mental health services,
medication, or therapy.
2. High Opportunity Cost: Seeking mental health treatment may require taking time
off work or school, resulting in a loss of income or educational opportunities. This
further exacerbates the economic burden.
3. Lack of Insurance Coverage: Many underprivileged individuals lack access to
comprehensive health insurance, leaving them to bear the full cost of mental health
treatment, which can be prohibitively expensive.

Expectations and Stigma

Societal expectations and stigma surrounding mental health also play a role in the economic
challenges faced by individuals from underprivileged backgrounds:

1. Expectations of Resilience: There is often an expectation that individuals from

underprivileged backgrounds should be more resilient and able to cope with adversity,
discouraging them from seeking help for mental health issues.
2. Stigma and Discrimination: Stigma associated with mental health problems can
deter individuals from seeking treatment, leading to untreated conditions that may
worsen over time, further increasing the economic burden.

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3. Environmental

Environmental factors can have a significant impact on the mental health of young people.
Factors like pollution, natural disasters, and a lack of access to green spaces can contribute to
increased stress, anxiety, and feelings of helplessness. Additionally, living in unsafe or
unstable environments can further worsen mental health outcomes.

Living in an abusive household can have a profound impact on a young person's mental
health. It can lead to feelings of fear, anxiety, low self-esteem, and depression.

Sexual Abuse and How It Leads to Mental Trauma

Sexual abuse is a grave issue that profoundly affects the mental health and well-being of
young individuals around the world. It is essential to address this topic as part of our
discussions on safeguards to protect the mental health of the younger generation within the
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Sexual abuse encompasses a range of acts,
including harassment, assault, exploitation, and rape, and it can occur in various settings,
from homes and schools to online spaces.

Effects of Sexual Abuse on Mental Health

Sexual abuse can have devastating consequences on the mental health of survivors. The
trauma resulting from such experiences can manifest in various ways:

1. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Many survivors develop PTSD, a condition

characterized by intrusive memories, flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety. The
trauma experienced during the abuse continues to haunt them, impacting their daily
lives.

2. Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and

social anxiety, are common outcomes of sexual abuse. Survivors may develop intense
fears and phobias.

3. Self-Esteem Issues: Sexual abuse can shatter a survivor's self-esteem and self-worth.
They may blame themselves for the abuse and suffer from a distorted self-image.

4. Suicidal Thoughts: The mental anguish and despair can lead to suicidal thoughts and
self-harm among survivors, making it a life-threatening consequence of sexual abuse

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Delegates must work collaboratively to develop comprehensive solutions that address this
issue and ensure that no child or adolescent suffers in silence due to the trauma of sexual
abuse.

International Efforts: Conventions and Agreements

1. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC): Adopted in 1989,
the CRC outlines the fundamental rights of children, including the right to the highest
attainable standard of health. Signatory nations are obligated to take measures to
ensure access to mental health services, regardless of a child's economic background.
2. World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control: Recognizing the link between mental health and substance abuse, this treaty
promotes economic measures such as taxation and price policies to reduce tobacco
consumption, thus indirectly impacting mental health.
3. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Goal 3 of the SDGs calls for ensuring
healthy lives and promoting well-being, including mental health, for all. These global
goals underscore the importance of addressing economic disparities in mental health
access.

National and Regional Programs

1. United Kingdom - Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT): The

IAPT program has made significant strides in providing timely and cost-effective
mental health services, targeting individuals from all socioeconomic backgrounds. It
is an example of a national program addressing economic disparities in mental health.
2. Australia - National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS): While primarily focused
on disabilities, NDIS acknowledges the intersection of mental health and economic
hardship. It provides financial support for mental health services for eligible
participants.
3. African Union - Continental Mental Health Program: The African Union has
recognized the importance of mental health and initiated a program to improve access
to mental health services, with a focus on marginalized communities, thereby
addressing economic disparities within the continent.

Potential Solutions

In our pursuit to protect the mental health of the younger generation, it is essential to consider
a range of comprehensive solutions that build upon past actions by UNICEF and other
organizations. UNICEF, in collaboration with various partners, has been actively promoting
mental health education in schools worldwide. Encouraging nations to integrate mental health
awareness and coping skills into educational curricula can empower young individuals to
better understand and manage their mental well-being. Past initiatives have included
developing age-appropriate resources and training teachers to facilitate these crucial
discussions. Access to mental health services, including counselling and therapy, is
paramount in safeguarding the mental health of young people. UNICEF has worked
alongside governments and NGOs to expand these services, particularly in low-resource
settings. Delegates should consider strategies to further reduce barriers to access and ensure
that services are youth-friendly. The digital age has brought both opportunities and
challenges for young people's mental health. Delegates may consider measures to enhance

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online safety, combat cyberbullying, and promote balanced screen time for improved mental
well-being. Collaboration at both national and international levels is crucial to success.
UNICEF has worked with governments, WHO, and other organizations to share data, best
practices, and resources. Delegates should discuss mechanisms for enhanced cooperation,
knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to bolster youth mental health initiatives

QUESTIONS TO PONDER UPON:

1. How can schools and educational institutions play a role in promoting mental well-
being?

2. How can we reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues among young
people?

3. What strategies can be implemented to encourage open conversations about mental

health in schools and communities?

4. In what ways can excessively screen time and social media use impact the mental
health of young individuals?

5. What measures can be taken to promote responsible and healthy technology usage
among youth?

6. How can comprehensive mental health education be integrated into school curricula?

7. What strategies can be implemented to prevent bullying and harassment in schools

and online, which can have severe mental health repercussions?

8. What role should parents and caregivers play in safeguarding the mental health of
their children?

9. What platforms and initiatives can empower youth to drive change in mental health
policies and practices?

10. How can UNICEF and other international organizations support countries in
safeguarding the mental health of young people?

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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

1. https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health
2. https://unfoundation.org/blog/post/we-cant-fail-another-generation-5-things-to-know-
about-child-and-adolescent-mental-health/
3. https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-worlds-children-2021
4. https://www.unicef.org/protection/sexual-violence-against-children
5. https://www.unicef.org/protection/protecting-children-from-sexual-exploitation-and-
abuse
6. https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/11/global-emergency-child-exploitation-
and-abuse-needs-global-action-un-experts
7. https://integrisok.com/resources/on-your-health/2021/may/how-parents-affect-their-
child-mental-health
8. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-
child

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. World Health Organization. (2003). Investing in mental health. Retrieved from

https://www.who.int/whr/2001/en/whr01_ch2_en.pdf
2. Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C, (2018). The Lancet Commission on global mental
health and sustainable development. The Lancet, 392(10157), 1553-1598.
3. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (2020). Mental health and psychosocial
support for children and families during COVID-19. Retrieved from
https://www.unicef.org/media/69906/file/MHPSS-COVID-19-technical-guidance.pdf
4. National Health Service (NHS) England. (2021). Improving Access to Psychological
Therapies (IAPT). Retrieved from
https://www.england.nhs.uk/mental-health/adults/iapt/
5. Australian Government. (2021). National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS).
Retrieved from https://www.ndis.gov.au/ 6. African Union. (2020). Continental
Mental Health Program. Retrieved from
https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20201210/continental-mental-health-program-mhm-
dialogue-amplifying-efforts-mental
6. United Nations. (1989). United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).
Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx
7. World Health Organization. (2003). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/fctc/text_download/en/
8. Reuters. Deliberate self- harm can signal suicide risk. Retrieved from
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-harm-suicide-risk-idUSGOR18435820071121

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