Structures of Plants and Leaves

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Structures of the Plant and Leaf

Use the Google slides provided as well as resources on Google sites Week 9 and 10
to help you complete this worksheet. You may also work together with a classmate or
two.

1. What is the name of the process when a pollen fuses with an egg cell of an
ovule?
Fertilization
2. Describe at least three differences between monocots and dicots.
Number of Cotyledons; Leaf Vein Arrangement; Flower Structure

3. What is the function of the stoma in a leaf?


It helps in the exchange of gases within the plants, the outgoing of oxygen,
and the intake of carbon dioxide takes place via these tiny pores. It also
helps in monitoring the loss of water within the plants by modifying the size
of the stomatal pores.
4. What is the function of the mesophyll cells in a leaf?
Mesophyll cells aid in gas exchange and photosynthesis via chloroplasts.

5. How is a palisade mesophyll cell adapted to maximise photosynthesis?


The palisade cells contain a lot of chloroplasts to help them perform this
photosynthesis. The palisade cells are closely packed together to maximize
light absorption. In the leaf cross-section we can see the palisade cells are
only found in the upper part of the leaf.

6. What are the four necessary conditions for photosynthesis to occur?


Chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water

7. Describe how a plant gets its water for photosynthesis.


Plants absorb water through their roots, which are located in the soil. They
use tiny hair-like structures called root hairs to increase their surface area
for water absorption. This water is then transported through the stem and
into the leaves, where it is used for photosynthesis.
8. Describe two key differences between xylem and phloem.
Transportation Direction: Xylem moves water and minerals upwards, while
phloem transports sugars bidirectionally.
Cell Characteristics: Xylem is composed of dead cells, providing structural
support, while phloem consists of living cells that actively transport sugars.

9. Research for experts - how are sequoia trees able to grow so big and tall?
Sequoia trees grow incredibly big and tall thanks to enough water supply,
the best sunlight exposure, strong wood structure, and their ability to
withstand natural threats, such as certain insects and wildfires. Their long
lifespan also contributes to their impressive size.

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