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Câu Hỏi Ôn Tập

international transsaction

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ngan nguyen pham thanh
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6 views4 pages

Câu Hỏi Ôn Tập

international transsaction

Uploaded by

ngan nguyen pham thanh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. FOB, CIF, CFR terms are suitable for trading containerised cargo or not?

Explain
FOB, CIF and CFR terms are term use for sea transportation and not suitable for containerised
cargoes, because of 2 main reasons:
- Containerized goods are first gathered at the Container Yard, not moved directly on board
the vessel. Any risk of the goods that involve between the time moving from CY to the
vessel will be borne by the Sellers, creating more risk for the Seller. In other cases, if the
goods are damaged after moving on board the vessel, the Buyer will be in charge, but
since they are containerized goods, it is difficult to determine who is in charge of the
damage. The ship's railing loses its meaning as a clear dividing line between the
responsibilities and risks of the Seller and the Buyer.
- When delivered using FOB, CIF, CFR terms, the bank usually requires the on board B/L,
but because the containerized goods first move to the CY, the seller only receives receipt
for shipment B/L, so the risk still does not transfer at this point.

2. How to insure cargo under CIF/ CIP Incoterms 2020?


The insured cargo under CIF/CIP Incoterms 2020 requires the insurance only on minimum
cover, of 110% value of the goods.
- Under CIF, unless otherwise stated, the insurance used will be the lowest p
0000000000000riority type (type C insurance).
- Under CIP, unless otherwise stated, the insurance uses will be the highest priority type
(type A insurance)

3. Risk transfer point of each term? + 4. Delivery point of each terms Incoterms 2020
Terms Risk transfer point Delivery point

EXW At seller’s place or the place specified by the contract (Agreed place)

FCA When the goods are delivered to the first carrier or Agreed place before arriving at port of
another person nominated by buyer at the seller's shipment (Seller’s premises/ Named
premises or another named place other place)

FAS When the goods are placed alongside the buyer’s vessel Alongside the buyer’s vessel at the
at the named port of shipment named port of shipment

FOB When the goods are loaded on board the vessel at the Port of shipment
named port of shipment
CFR Port of destination

CIF Port of destination

CPT All risk in the goods passes from the seller to the buyer Place of destination
CIP when the goods are delivered to the first carrier or Place of destination
another person nominated by seller at an agreed place

DAP Upon delivery at the named place of destination (ready Destination


for unloading)

DPU Upon delivery at the named place of destination (after Place of destination
unloading)

DDP Upon delivery at the named place of destination (ready Destination


for unloading)

5. Are incoterms "delivery terms"?


-> False
→ Incoterms is not delivery terms, as it covers more than just delivery issues. Incoterms not only
mention shipping or delivery, it’s about price, cost, more than that. Trade terms are accepted to
some extent but delivery terms cannot reflect the thorough functions of Incoterms.

6. Ex work and FCA Incoterms 2020, who is in charge of exporting permits?


- Under EXW (Ex Works) The seller's only responsibility is to make the goods available to
the buyer at the seller's premises. The buyer is responsible for everything else, including
export permits.
- FCA (Free Carrier) is similar to EXW, but the seller has the additional responsibility for
export permits of the goods.
1. When to use DDP Incoterms?
- When the supply chain costs and routes are stable and predictable.
- When the seller expresses confidence in shipping their products to the buyer’s country and
possesses a track record of successfully delivering goods under the Delivered Duty Paid
Incoterms.
- Seller có representative or agency ở nước buyer
-> It is essential to only choose a DDP Delivered Duty Paid agreement when you trust your
supplier and know they are capable enough to be responsible for the complete supply chain.
2. What is the difference between DAP and DDP?
DDP stands for “Delivered Duty Paid” where the only responsibility of the buyer is for
unloading the goods when they have arrived at an agreed-upon location, for example, the buyers’
warehouse. The seller is responsible for everything else including packaging, labeling, freight,
customs clearance, duties, and taxes.
Conversely, under a DAP agreement, the buyer is responsible for not only unloading, but is also
responsible for the import customs clearance, duties, and taxes as well.
-> The main difference between DDP and DAP is who’s responsible for what costs.
-Using DDP, the buyer is only responsible for the costs to unload the goods, whereas the seller is
responsible for all other shipping costs, duties, and taxes.
-Using DAP, the seller is only responsible for the shipping costs. The buyer is responsible for all
other costs including customs, duties, and taxes associated with the shipment.
3. Difference between CPT and DDP
Using a DDP agreement, the seller is obligated to deliver the shipment to the agreed-upon place
of destination, usually the buyer’s warehouse. Once the goods have reached this destination, both
the risk and ownership are transferred to the buyer. CPT transfers the risk earlier once the goods
have been delivered to a carrier appointed by the seller. DDP includes duty and import fees,
whereas CPT costs do not.
4. Factors affecting the choices of company when choosing the Incoterms rule
- Bargaining positions: The power of the seller/buyer, position of a person in a negotiation
- Fluctuations of O/F, A/F, insurance. EX:
- Pandemic → lack of vehicle, freight cost may be high → seller should go with
the F group (seller don’t have to arrange the carriage) instead of C group
- If sellers handle carriage, contract, if the freight rises, they may be lost.
- War in Ukraine → seller should go with the F group due to wartime,
dangerous if we deliver to the destination.
- Business strategy
Phân tích những lợi ích khi giành được quyền vận tải
- Chủ động trong việc tổ chức chuyên chở, đàm phán, ký kết hợp đồng vận tải.
- Lựa chọn người chuyên chở, tuyến đường vận tải, phương thức chuyên chở có lợi cho mình nếu
hợp đồng mua bán không quy định cụ thể.
- Khi hợp đồng mua bán không quy định thời gian giao hàng cụ thể, bên giành được quyền vận
tải có được sự chủ động trong việc thuê tàu, vận chuyển hàng hóa tại cảng biển
- Tận dụng được đội tàu buôn và phương tiện vận tải trong nước nhằm tăng thu, giảm chi ngoại
tệ đồng thời góp phần các nghiệp vụ khác cùng phát triển (bảo hiểm, môi giới, gom hàng, giao
nhận,...)

Phân tích những trường hợp không nên giành quyền vận tải
- Dự đoán giá cước trên thị trường thuê tàu có xu hướng tăng mạnh so với thời điểm ký kết hợp
đồng mua bán ngoại thương hay khó khăn trong việc thuê tàu để thực hiện hợp đồng (thiếu ngoại
tệ, không biết cách thuê)
- Tính toán thấy sự chênh lệch giữa giá FOB/CFR hay giá FCA/CPT không lớn và mức chênh
lệch này không đủ để bù đắp cước phí vận tải và/ hoặc phí bảo hiểm mà chúng ta phải bỏ ra
(hoặc sự chênh lệch quá nhỏ để bù công sức thực hiện quyền vận tải)
- Quá cần bán hoặc mua một mặt hàng nào đó mà phí đối phương lại muốn giành quyền vận tải -
Do luật pháp từng nước hay phong tục tập quán của càng

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