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2 views

Circles

Uploaded by

tanmaygupta735
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Circles

18 September 2024 00:06

Secant

Major Sector

Minor Sector
Tangent

Introduction

A circle is a set of all points in a plane at a fixed distance from a fixed point in a
plane. The fixed point is called the centre of the circle. The fixed distance is called the
radius of the circle.

Line and a Circle

In Fig. (i), the line PQ and the circle have no common point. In this case, PQ is
called a non-intersecting line with respect to the circle. In Fig. (ii), there are two
common points A and B that the line PQ and the circle have. In this case, we call the
line PQ a secant of the circle. In Fig. (iii), there is only one point A which is common
to the line PQ and the circle. In this case, the line is called a tangent to the circle.

Tangent

A tangent to a circle is a straight line which touches the circle at only one point. The
point where the tangent touches the circle is called point of contact of the tangent to the
circle.

A tangent to a circle is a special case of a secant, when the two ends points of its
corresponding chord coincides.

Theorem: Tangent at any point on a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.

CB is the tangent to the given circle touching at A and OA is the radius.


Maths Page 1
CB is the tangent to the given circle touching at A and OA is the radius.

∴ ∠OAB = 90°

(i) At any point on the circle there can be one and only one tangent.

(ii) The line containing the radius through the point of contact is called the normal to
the circle at the point.

Number of Tangents from a Point to Circle

(i) No tangent can be drawn from the point lying inside the circle, as shown in fig. (i)

(ii) One and only one tangent can be drawn from a point lying on the circle, as shown
in fig. (ii)

(iii) Only two tangents can be drawn from an exterior point to a circle, as shown in
fig. (iii)

Length of a Tangent

The length of the segment of a tangent from an external point to the point of contact
with the circle is called the length of the tangent

In the given figure, T1 and T2 are the points of contact of the tangents PT1 and
PT2 respectively from the external point P.

From <https://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-10-maths-chapter-10-
circles/>

Theorem 1 - The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact.

Theorem 2 - The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
equal.
Proof - For this, we join OP, OQ and OR. Then ∠ OQP and ∠ ORP are right
angles, because these are angles between the radii and tangents, and according to
Maths Page 2
equal.
Proof - For this, we join OP, OQ and OR. Then ∠ OQP and ∠ ORP are right
angles, because these are angles between the radii and tangents, and according to
Theorem 10.1 they are right angles. Now in right triangles OQP and ORP, OQ = OR
(Radii of the same circle) OP = OP (Common) Therefore, Δ OQP ≅ Δ ORP
(RHS) This gives PQ = PR (CPCT).

Maths Page 3

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