Agricultural Labour Wages in Odisha: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Odisha
Agricultural Labour Wages in Odisha: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Odisha
Agricultural Labour Wages in Odisha: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Odisha
FOREWORD
Agriculture continues to be highly labour-intensive activity with more than 55% of the
workforce in the country dependent on it (Census 2011). Wage labour constitutes an important part of
the total cost of production of agricultural produce and it is, therefore, of relevance to Policy makers
and practitioners to know the trend and patterns of agricultural wages for skilled rural workers,
semiskilled and unskilled work during the crop year 2019-20. Like any other commodity, wages of
labour are determined by the market force of supply and demand. Any other labour market
imperfections make it deviate from the norms like any other market, these factors lead to wide
variations in wage rates among various districts.
The Directorate of Economics & Statistics, has been publishing statistics related to
“Agricultural Wages in Odisha” since 2018-19. The present issue of this publication contains data on
wages paid to three different types of agricultural labour such as skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled
labour in rural area of selected 89 centres during the agricultural year 2019-20. Information related to
a range of agricultural operations like Carpenter (ବଢେଇ), Blacksmith(କମାର),
Mason(ରାଜମିସ୍ତ୍ରୀ), Ploughing(ହଳକରିବା), Sowing (ବୂଣିବା), Weeding (ବାଛିବା), Reaping &
Harvesting (ଅମଳ କରିବା), Tractor Driver (ଟ୍ରାକ୍ଟର ଡ୍ରାଇଭର), Watering the Field (ବିଲରେ
ପାଣି ମଡାଇବା), Load Carries (ବୋଝ ବୋହିବା), Well Diggers (କୂଅ ଖୋଳିବା), Labours for Cleaning
silt from waterways (ରାସ୍ତାରୁ ପାଣି/ପଙ୍କ ସଫା କରିବା), Herds man (ଗୋପାଳକ) and
Embankment (ବନ୍ଧ ବାନ୍ଧିବା) have been included. This publication provides information on wage
levels for agricultural activities in Districts across different seasons both for men and women. This
rich database facilitates inter-district and intra-district comparison in wage cost variation across
different centre spread across 30 districts that would help in evidence-based policy and further
research activities.
Bringing out this edition of the Agricultural Wages in Odisha has been made possible
through the meticulous work which has been carried out by the Agricultural Wages Division of this
Directorate and respective DPMUs of the States. It is hoped that this volume would be useful for a
wide range of stakeholders including policy makers, researchers, etc. Any suggestions/feedback may
please be sent to technical committee of rhis Organisation.
This publication contains data on wages paid to different types of skilled as well as
unskilled field labourers engaged in different agricultural activities (like ploughing, sowing,
weeding, reaping and harvesting etc. in case of both in men and women category) for the
agricultural year 2019-20.
The report provides per hour hire rate of some important items used for agricultural
operations, such as a pair of bullocks with plough, tractor, pump set and sprayer.
I appreciate the industrious work carried out by the officers and staff of Agricultural
Labour Wages (ALW) Section of this Directorate for timely Publication of the results. They
have done this in spite of lack of adequate staffs.
It is hoped that this publication would be useful for a wide range of researchers,
policy makers and public. Suggestion and comments, if any from readers for further
improvement is highly solicited.
(Sabyasachi Dutta)
Additional Director
Acknowledgement
Bringing out this publication, has involved meticulous work carried out by the
Agricultural Labour Wages (ALW) Section of this Directorate. This timely published
information on agricultural labour wages would help in appropriate policy formulation.
I am grateful to Dir. B.B. Nanda, Director, DE&S, Odisha for his constant guidance
and invaluable suggestions in preparation of this Report.
It is hoped that this publication would be useful for researchers, policy makers as well as to
general public.