FMC/CDU Programming

B787 & B777X

Easy guide to basic functions

and hints on EFB

Rev 1.0 - ENG 08/18/23 Marco Ramondino Simulation only - not for real flight
This guide is intended for simulation only and covers only the basic functions of the FMC/CDU of the
Boeing B787 and B777X. Therefore, only the menus and functions essential for flying will be illustrated
and some more in-depth topics will not be covered.

For those familiar with the FMC of other Boeing aircraft, many of the pages/menus as well as the
operating principle will be very similar.

Depending on the simulators and aircraft developers, not all functions may fully correspond to those
described below and some may not be operational, as well as the naming and layout of some buttons
may change. The indications described here and the general functioning remain valid in principle even in
the event of discrepancies on the various simulators.

This guide is not a substitute for comprehensive checklists and procedures, which you should always
review.

For the system to function, it is necessary to enter the data relating to a flight plan, which can be
generated using special software (such as Simtoolkitpro or Volanta) or web services
(eg flightplandatabase).

You can download also the FMC/CDU guide of:

the other Boeing series at this link;
the Airbus MCDU at this link;
the FMC UNS-1 at this link.
 Content index

Introduction
Overview 4
Preflight flow 7
INIT REF 8

Preflight pages
IDENT 9 Performances initialization (PERF INIT) 13
Position initialization (POS INIT) 10 Thrust settings (THRUST LIM) 14
Simulation only - not for real flight

Route (RTE) 11 Takeoff settings (TAKEOFF REF) 15

Departure/Arrival (DEP/ARR) 12

Operational pages
LEGS and discontinuity 16 Radio settings (NAV RADIO) 25
LNAV 18 FIX 27
VNAV 21 Holding (HOLD) 28
Landing settings (APPR REF) 24

Consultation pages
Alternate airport (ALTERNATE) 29
Route data (RTE DATA) 30
Navigation data (NAV DATA) 31
Flight progress (PROG) 32

Appendix EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) - cenni 34

Synthetic preflight 33 FMC error messages 36
 INTRODUCTION Simulation only - not for real flight
FMC/CDU overview
(or MCDU= multi-function control display unit)

On the B787 & 777X, the FMC/CDU is integrated into the MFD (multi function display, or
lower display unit) in the center of the pedestal, flanked by two physical alphanumeric
keypads that also include lower display control keys.
The graphics and operating philosophy recall those of the FMCs of the other Boeing series,
with the difference that the selection keys (LSK) and the function keys in this case are virtual
(therefore reproduced on the display).

FMC DISPLAY (CDU)

Displays pages, input fields and SCRATCHPAD
their respective data It shows the data we type

MFD(lower display unit) CONTROL KEYS

They manage the functions of the entire central
display (CDU-Onboard systems, Navigation
display, etc.)

LINE SELECT KEYS (LSK)

They select the corresponding fields to enter data
or activate options

ALPHANUMERIC KEYPAD
Used to enter the data to be entered.
The PREV and NEXT PAGE keys are used to
navigate between pages (in menus that contain
more than one page), while the EXEC key makes
some settings and changes operational

The letters “E,N,S,W” appear framed because in

some functions they represent the corresponding
cardinal points

MENU/PAGES FUNCTION KEYS

They allow access to menus/pages
Just as the FMC/CDU is reproduced on both sides (one for Cpt and one for F/O), the main display is also split
The EXEC, PREV and NEXT PAGE keys repeat into two equal parts. Each side can independently display certain functions, so for example one half can play
the same physical keys on the keypad the FMC and the other the systems page. These functions are controlled by the keys at the top of each
physical keyboard
 INTRODUCTION CDU overview Simulation only - not for real flight

Some pages contain subpages,

indicated by the number at the top left ENTER activates scratchpad data entry
of the display.
Use the PREV & NEXT keys to EXEC allows the system to acquire the
navigate through them entered data (repeats the same key shown on
the display)

The line selection keys (LSK) are ideally

L R
numbered from 1 to 6 and are subdivided
1 1
into the left (L) and right (R) column, they
2 2 will later be called 1R, 2R, etc. and 1R,
3 3
2R etc.
The fields that can be filled in or modified
4 4
are indicated by boxes with a gray
5 5 background (so-called "open").
6 6 When the field adjacent to a selection key
is not selectable or cannot be filled in
(because it is empty or because it is filled
in automatically by the system), the
corresponding LSK will be shown empty
and highlighted in blue
 INTRODUCTION CDU overview Simulation only - not for real flight
During the preflight cycle, a prompt in the
When the aircraft systems are powered up, To enter data, type it into the scratchpad using lower right (LSK 6R) takes you to the next
the CDUs are shown by default on the the alphanumeric keyboard. step and a status bar indicates the
lower display, with the initial page IDENT. The fields in which they will be entered will be completion of the sequence (not on all
highlighted in magenta simulators/developers)
Otherwise:
- if the CDU are not
displayed, press the
appropriate key
(above the numeric
keypad) to activate
it;
- if the CDU is displayed but not the IDENT
page, click Line Select Key (LSK) 6L to
display the INDEX page where you can
select the IDENT page (lsk 1L in the menu
that will appear)

The IDENT page does not contain any item to enter

(indicated by open boxes) but only provides some
information, the most important of which is the
navigation database, ACTIVE for the range of dates
indicated (AIRAC cycles).
If the navigation database is not updated, this is
indicated by a message. This does not affect the Illumination of the EXEC button, accompanied In the lower part, any system messages are
ability to fly, but some inconsistencies with the flight by an acoustic signal, indicates that it is displayed, in a special window which is
plan may occur (e.g. waypoints may not match or necessary to press the EXEC button for the shown if necessary and which can be
SID and STAR may vary) as procedures change
system to acquire the entered data canceled using the CLR MSG key
 INTRODUCTION Simulation only - not for real flight
Standard flow of the preflight menu
During programming, some menus and submenus have a defined sequence. As we have seen, during the preflight a prompt in the lower right indicates
the progress towards the completion of the sequence. Selecting the prompt key displays the next page in the loop. If a page is skipped, a prompt on the
TAKEOFF page takes you back to the page with the missing data.
Entering the current position is sometimes optional as the IRS has continuous access to the GPS position on some simulators (so it is not always
necessary to enter a current position during the IRS alignment as on most FMCs).
The minimum route data is the origin and destination airports and a route.
Performance data requires input of aircraft weight, fuel reserves, cost index and cruising altitude.
Takeoff data requires flap setting and center of gravity (CG).
The main preflight cycle takes place according to the following flow. After this sequence, it will always be possible to access the pages using the menu
keys.

IDENT POS INIT RTE DEPAR PERF THRUST TAKEOFF

TURE INIT LIMIT REF

POS REF RTE 1

etc TAKEOFF
Pg2 etc

Sometimes extra pages are needed. These

pages have no prompts and interrupt the usual
sequence. When the route includes SID and
STAR, these can be entered using the DEP
ARR (departure/arrival) key

DEP
ARR Remember that...
on some pages, data entry will be followed by the
illumination of the EXEC button, accompanied by an
audible signal: this indicates that it is necessary to press
DEP ARR the EXEC button for the system to acquire the data.
Rwy, sid Rwy, star
 INTRODUCTION Simulation only - not for real flight
INIT REF MENU
From the INIT REF button, the INIT/REF INDEX* page opens, which contains:

on the left on the right

a menu with options for navigating to all other pages; a series of functions concerning the flight plan

6. NAV DATA The REF NAV DATA

1. Identification (IDENT) The IDENT page is used for data on waypoints,
page is used to verify basic aircraft navaids, airports, and runways. NAV
data and currency of the navigation DATA pages are accessible only from
1 6 this page
database
2. Position (POS) The POS INIT 7. FLIGHT PLANS The FLIGHT
2 7 PLANS page allows selection of User
page is used for IRS initialization
3. Performance (PERF) The PERF stored flight plans**
3 8
INIT page is used for initialization of 8. LOAD ATC RTE The LOAD ATC
data required for VNAV operations ROUTE prompt loads the any active
4 9
and performance predictions default FSX Planner Generated
4. TAKEOFF The TAKEOFF REF Route**
5 10
page is used to enter takeoff 9. LOAD PNL The STORED PANELS
reference data and V-speeds 11 page allows selection of any user
5. APPROACH The APPROACH REF stored panel states**
page is used for entry of the approach 10. SAVE PNL The SAVE PNL
VREF speed prompt saves the current panel state
for retrieval in the LOAD PNL page**
11. SAVE FPL The SAVE
FLIGHTPLAN prompt saves any
currently Loaded Flightplan**

** These features are not

implemented on all simulators

* the contents of this menu may change depending on the simulators/developers

 PREFLIGHT
Simulation only - not for real flight
IDENT page
As we saw in the introduction, IDENT is the first page that will appear at the beginning of the sequence. You do not need to fill in
any of the entries in it and it only contains information on:

Time and date

Max engine power

Aircraft type allowed in the
performance
database
Navigation Database
in use
(AIRAC cycle) AIRAC cycle validity

Operating system From this page select

number and version POS INIT
(it may also contain a part to start the flight
marked with "U", which planning sequence
indicates the update)

Until the required preliminary entries are incomplete,

the wording “PRE-FLT” is displayed on the right side
of the dotted line

Pages that require input appear below the dotted line

If the AIRAC cycle has expired, this as a prompt
message indicates it.
As mentioned in the introduction, this does When the preflight items are complete, “FMC
not affect the ability to fly, but may cause PREFLIGHT COMPLETE” is displayed on the dotted
some inconsistencies with the flight plan line against a green background
(e.g. waypoints may not match or SID and
STAR vary) as some waypoint naming and
procedures are continuously updated
 PREFLIGHT
Simulation only - not for real flight

POS INIT page

Entering the position of the aircraft (and geographical coordinates): on this page, the system indicates the current position
of the aircraft and asks us to enter only the code of the airport where we are currently located.

ICAO CODE
of the airport
GATE
(optional)

Type the ICAO code of the airport into the

scratchpad and enter it in the appropriate field
with the LSK 2L key.

The gate can also be entered in the same way

The position currently shown is the real one, since in this

type of aircraft the inertial platforms (IRS) constantly
detect it from the GPS. It should therefore not be
necessary to tell the system what your current exact
location is
If the IRS does not align automatically, it is possible
to do it manually by copying the GPS POS
geographical position (click on the 4R selection key)
and pasting it in the SET INERTIAL POS field (click
on the 5R selection key)

After filling out this page, select the ROUTE prompt (LSK 6R) to go
to the next step
 PREFLIGHT
Simulation only - not for real flight
ROUTE page – ROUTE INIZIALIZATION and ENTRY
Once the previous step has been completed, we will be taken to the By the NEXT PAGE key you pass to the
ACT RTE 1 page, which requires the insertion of: following pages, where there are the
waypoints and the airways of the flight plan
Origin Airport Takeoff Destination
(ICAO) runway Airport AIRWAYS WAYPOINTS
(VIA) identified in the (TO) identified in the
flight plan by letters flight plan by only letters
and numbers (except landing runway)

Flight number
(optional)

Click on ACTIVATE
The EXEC button will
light.
Click on EXEC

After entering or modifying the fields, always press

Use the PREV and NEXT
PAGE keys to navigate in the ACTIVATE (6R) item and then EXEC to let the
the sub-pages of the flight system acquire the data
We can also access this page using the RTE key plan
To obtain waypoints and airways of a route it is necessary to generate a flight plan
 PREFLIGHT
Simulation only - not for real flight
DEP/ARR page - DEPARTURE (and ARRIVAL) SETTINGS
With the DEP ARR key we enter the settings page for the departure and arrival airports.
On this page we will have on the left the options for the departure airport (1L) and on the right for the arrival one (2R).

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
On this page we can select the runway and a standard From this page, which works exactly like the previous
instrument departure (SID). one, we can select the landing options. This step can
If the departure rwy has already been entered, it will be performed (or modified) even during the flight.
already be shown.
On the right side there are the runways available for On the right side we find a list of approaches (with
take-off and on the left side the SIDs relating to the relative runways)* and on the left a list of approach
selected runway procedures (STAR) available for the selected runway

Always press EXEC after selection

* Selecting an ILS approach

automatically tunes the NAV
radios and the COURSE.
Selecting a back course
approach (B/CRS)
automatically tunes the ILS
In some simulators, once the RTE page has been completed
and the route has been activated, an entry appears in the 6R and displays the front If arrival transitions are listed, you can choose one (not
field which leads directly to the DEPARTURE page course mandatory)
 PREFLIGHT
Simulation only - not for real flight
PERFORMANCE INITIALIZATION page
On the performance initialization page, you need to enter some aircraft parameters so that the system can correctly
calculate speed, altitude, time and fuel consumption.
To access the page, press the INIT REF key. If the PERF INIT page is not This page can also be accessed from
displayed directly from INIT REF, the previous step, by pressing INDEX
select the PERF item at the bottom left (6L) and selecting
PERF from the list

GROSS WEIGHT (plane+pax+cargo+fuel). It is entered

automatically by the system and is calculated after
entering the Zero Fuel Weight.
Manual entry is not permitted

AMOUNT OF FUEL EXPECTED for the flight

CRUISE ALTITUDE *
Indicated on the flight plan or by ATC
ZERO FUEL WEIGHT: Weight of the aircraft +
passengers + cargo excluding fuel (sometimes it is
entered automatically by clicking on the button, COST INDEX **
otherwise it can be found in the EFB on the FUEL, it is an (arbitrary) value ranging from 0 to
WEIGHT & BALANCE page) 2000 and indicates how cheap we want
the flight to be: the lower it is, the
cheaper the flight will be
FUEL RESERVE
(total onboard - estimated consumption) CRUISE CENTER OF GRAVITY
Displays the default value of 28.0% in
small print. Valid values are 6.0 to 39.5. It
is entered automatically

* The cruising altitude can be entered by the pilot or by the STEP SIZE
uplink. Usually the field is already filled in when this page is Displays the ascent rate increment used
opened, and in this case it can be changed. to plan the optimal ascent profile. It is
Valid values are in the format XXX, XXXX, XXXXX, or entered automatically (valid manual
FLXXX. entries range from 0 to 9000 in 1000 foot
Cruising altitude is also displayed on the CLB and CRZ increments).
pages For non-zero values, performance
predictions are based on optimal step
**The C.I. affects some aircraft performance, such as speed climbs; for a value of zero, performance
or rate of climb (which, however, can always be changed Once this step is complete, select THRUST LIMIT to go to predictions are based on a constant CRZ
ALT
during flight as we will see later) the engine performance setting page
 PREFLIGHT
Simulation only - not for real flight
THRUST SETTINGS FOR TAKE OFF & CLIMB
By the THRUST LIMIT item (6R), which will automatically appear once the previous step has been completed, we go to the engine
performance settings page, in which we can choose the thrust profile for take-off (on the left of the display) and climb (on the right)
and a possible derate, always for both phases.

Assumed Temperature (SEL) and Air Temperature (OAT)

Entering an assumed temperature (SEL) higher than the OAT reduces takeoff thrust. Valid values range from 0
to 99°C.
The entered values replace those previously displayed.
Therefore, by setting a "fictitious" temperature higher than the real one already indicated, the derate is forced.
If TO 1 or TO 2 is selected and an assumed temperature is entered, the thrust is further reduced. If the entry
results in a thrust reduction of more than 25%, the value entered is reset to a value which results in a
maximum reduction of 25%

Climb thrust (CLB)

CLB Select maximum rated climb thrust
Take-off thrust (TO) (CLB) limit
TO Select the maximum rated takeoff thrust CLB 1 Select a percentage derated
limit uphill thrust limit.
TO 1 Select the fixed TO1 derate CLB 2 Select a further derated hill-push
percentage (-10%) for the takeoff thrust limit.
limit
TO 2 Select the fixed TO2 derate
CLB steeper rate of climb
percentage (-20%) for the takeoff thrust
CLB-1 intermediate rate
limit
CLB-2 lower rate
The word SEL will appear next to the (CLB is selected by default)
selected take-off option
The wording ARM will appear next to the
option selected for the climb, since being a
! subsequent phase it will be activated once
take-off has taken place
On some simulators, once this step has been
completed, the wording "FMC PREFLIGHT
COMPLETE" may already appear, but it is instead
necessary to continue to the next page Once this page is completed, we
(TAKEOFF) select TAKEOFF
 PREFLIGHT
Simulation only - not for real flight
TAKEOFF REFERENCE page
On the THRUST LIM page, selecting the TAKEOFF prompt (6R) opens the TAKEOFF REF page, where we can set the takeoff flaps,
acceleration and thrust-reduction height, as well as enter the reference speeds (v- ref).
This page can also be accessed from the INIT REF menu.

Value of flaps for take-off.

Valid values are:
5, 15 or 20 for the B787-8 and 777X; Reference speed (V-Ref)
5, 10, 15, 17, 18 or 20 for 787-9 & 10. They are entered automatically by the system. If
The value can be entered manually or via the fields are empty, just press the selection
uplink from EFB (not always implemented) keys corresponding to V1, VR, V2 (the speeds
calculated by the system will be copied).
Acceleration altitude (optional). The values can be changed manually and in this
Displays the altitude above the airport case they are displayed in large characters and
(corrected for temperature and barometric replace the speeds calculated by the system
setting) at which acceleration to retract flaps
will begin.
TRIM and Center of Gravity (CG)
The default value is 1500 Ft AGL and can be
changed The CG value is entered automatically by the
system by pressing the corresponding selection
key (4R).
Thrust reduction altitude (optional). After entering the CG, the FMC calculates the
Displays the armed climb thrust value and the elevator trim setting for takeoff and displays the
altitude above the airport (corrected for setting value to the right of the CG item (trim
temperature and barometric setting) where the display is in 0.25 unit intervals)
reduction from takeoff thrust to climb thrust will
begin.
The default value is 800 Ft AGL and can be Pos shift is the distance between the runway
changed threshold and the point where the A/T will be
Valid values are between 400 and 9999 Ft engaged for take-off (optional)

Now the preflight is completed and on some simulators

! the wording “FMC PREFLIGHT COMPLETE” may
appear
Before completing the preflight it is
advisable to check for the absence of
Once this page is complete,
discontinuities (see next page) press EXEC
for the settings to take effect
 LEGS and discontinuity check
Once the initial programming has been completed, it is Simulation only - not for real flight
necessary to check on the LEGS page that the route has been
entered correctly and there are no discontinuities, which will
otherwise have to be corrected. If you have not entered the
The LEGS page can be
entire route in the previous steps, you can do it again in this
accessed from the dedicated phase.
key
On the LEGS page we find:
Speed /
Distance to waypoint altitude for the
Waypoints respective wpt By selcting the PLAN mode from EFIS, the
and their Below the STEPS item will be activated: using the
transition level STEP command, you will pass from each
orientation altitude is
The first wpt of the waypoint to the next one.
expressed in Ft,
list (page 1/x only) is In this way it will be possible to scroll the
always highlighted in above in FL
route in succession and check for any
magenta because it
is the one we are
discontinuities in order to be able to correct
directed to them

Discontinuity Speed / altitude On the navigation display we will see a

Any discontinuities screen similar to this one
are indicated by restrictions
the empty wpt box Next to the speed or
and the wording altitude we could find
ROUTE the letters A (above)
DISCONTINUITY or B (below), which
below it: respectively indicate
this indicates that below or above the
that wpt is not value to which they
connected with the refer.
next one. In the example
opposite it is
For the correction therefore expected to
of this problem fly above 5000 ft on
see the following wpts UPEND and
paragraph BERKS
 LEGS - DISCONTINUITY CORRECTION
In the LEGS page we can view the entire route, scrolling through each single waypoint using the STEP command at the bottom right
(or the entire pages using the NEXT & PREV PAGE keys) and perform a series of operations that we will see later.
If in the previous steps we have entered only a departure and an arrival or if we have skipped a few wpts, the flight management
system still does not know how to connect the route, generating a discontinuity that we can correct from this page.

When one waypoint is not connected to

the next, the route remains open and
During operations on waypoints
there will therefore be a break. (even following pages), the page
This can happen because an intermediate wpt is 2 header will change to "MOD"
missing or a wrong wpt has been entered. (modification) with a white
This discontinuity point will be reported 1 background and will return to "ACT"
with the wording "THEN" and (active) after selecting EXEC
represented by the empty field with white
boxes. The words "DISCONTINUITY" or
"ROUTE DISCONTINUITY" will also
appear under the breakpoint

The easiest way to remove the

discontinuity is to copy the first waypoint
after the discontinuity by selecting it with As we can see, the discontinuity has
been eliminated and the route is now
the LSK next to it (the wpt name will be
displayed in the scratchpad) and paste it closed
on the empty field, selecting the
corresponding LSK
In the example, CCR (3L) has been selected and
pasted into the discontinuity field with empty boxes (2L) !
Press the EXEC key to
activate the correction
The one described here is a simplified technique, suitable for
simulation only. In real flights, there are thorough checks and Failure to press EXEC will only result in the
procedures for correcting such errors. modification being displayed on the navigation
display and a preview of the corrected route, but
not its actual execution.
Simulation only - not for real flight
 LEGS – ROUTE MODIFICATIONS (LNAV) Non per volo reale

Simulation only - not for real flight

On the LEGS page you can make changes to your route by adding waypoints (e.g. to have
more points on which to better define the vertical profile in the VNAV page, which we will see later): For this procedure the EFIS can be set in MAP
mode, in order to have an overview of the whole
route on the ND
ADD WPT
Waypoints can be added anywhere along the route. The added waypoints are always followed by a discontinuity, which must be corrected as we saw in the
previous paragraph.
To add a wpt: 1 type the name of the waypoint in the 2 Identify the position where you want to insert
scratchpad (in the example EBONY) it and select the adjacent LSK, as if we
(starting situation) wanted to superimpose the new wpt on the
one already present (in the example on
ELLEN): the new wpt is inserted in the
selected line and the wpt that was in that
position slide forward to the new entry.
Press EXEC key

3
(this would be the new sequence) The inserted waypoint is connected to the
waypoint above it, but is discontinuous with the
next one, so we eliminate the discontinuity
Once the discontinuity is eliminated, the wpt
! EXEC will be added to the route in the position we
have chosen (all subsequent wpts will scroll
to activate the changes
forward by one position).
With ERASE you can undo your changes at
any time
 LEGS – ROUTE MODIFICATIONS (LNAV) Non per volo reale

Simulation only - not for real flight

On the LEGS page waypoints can also be deleted (e.g. if they were entered by mistake):
For this procedure the EFIS can be set in MAP
mode, in order to have an overview of the whole
route on the ND
DELETE WPT
The procedure for deleting a wpt is very simple: The system will immediately report a
3 discontinuity, which will have to be eliminated

!
Press EXEC key to activate modifications

1 Press the DELETE key on the keyboard (the word

"DELETE" will appear in the scrcatchpad and the
system waits to know which wpt we want to delete)

2 Select the wpt you want to delete using the LSKs (in the
example we want to eliminate TOCOS, so we press the Once the discontinuity has been removed, the new route
LSK 2L) will be displayed (in the example, TOCOS has been
Press EXEC
eliminated and it will go directly from EASON to ELLEN).
Subsequent wpts will all move down one position
 LEGS – ROUTE MODIFICATIONS (LNAV) Non per volo reale

Simulation only - not for real flight

During the cruise it may be necessary skip one or more wpts of the sequence and go directly to
the next one (e.g. for ATC directions or to avoid areas of turbulence, but also to save time/fuel). Even this important
operation, which is called Direct-To, can be performed from the LEGS page:

DIRECT-TO
It is possible to go from the current
position to any subsequent waypoint,
skipping one or more along the route

3 Once the modification is activated, we will

be directed to the new wpt (which will now
be highlighted in magenta)
2 Now we will see as the next waypoint In the steps described in this page and for adding
and deleting wpts, a new route will be drawn on
the one we moved, highlighted again in the navigation display and will be previewed (in
white (since the modification has not white) and will replace the current one (magenta)
only after pressing EXEC
yet been activated)
1 To direct-to a subsequent wpt:
A- select the wpt we want to go to (it will
be copied to the scratchpad); !
B- paste the selected wpt in place of what Click EXEC to activate changes
would have been the next waypoint to
reach

For example: from our position on the route, the next waypoint is EASON (in magenta since it is the one we are heading towards),
and the next one would be TOCOS, but we want to skip this last one and go directly to EBINY.
Then we select EBINY and paste it in place of EASON
Then EXEC
In this case there will be no discontinuity, since the wpts are already connected to each other in the same operation
 VNAV – ALTITUDE AND SPEED CHANGES (CLB) Non per volo reale

On the VNAV pages, during the flight you can change the planned cruising altitude and the Simulation only - not for real flight
altitude and/or speed restrictions for the various phases of the flight. The three VNAV pages are
CLB (climb), CRZ (cruise) and DES (descent). Normally the VNAV page that is opened when the
key is pressed is the one corresponding to the current flight phase, but you can always move
between the pages with the PREV & NEXT keys.
CLIMB
Use the PREV and NEXT PAGE buttons to scroll The Climb Page (CLB) is the first of three pages (1/3) displayed in the VNAV menu. When the
through the VNAV pages (CLB, CRZ, DES) FMC switches to cruise mode (2/3), the climb page data is cleared

You can also remove the speed limit by pressing

the DEL key (to insert the DELETE command into
the scratchpad) and selecting the SPD RESTR
field to remove the speed limit altogether

You can edit:

- the cruising altitude by entering a new one
(e.g. 40000 to set FL400) and inserting it in the
CRZ ALT field (1L) You can also change the altitude and !
- the speed limit by entering a new one in field transition level (TRANS ALT or LVL) Press EXEC key
4L (e.g. 240/10000 to order the system to fly at by typing a new value in FT (e.g.
240 Kt below 10000 Ft) 8000) and entering it in the 3R field
to activate changes
 VNAV – ALTITUDE AND SPEED CHANGES (CRZ)
The CRZ (cruise) page is dedicated to the settings for the cruise phase. It is very similar to the CLB
page, but differs from it in some items. Displays VNAV related data and is used to monitor and
change altitude and cruising speed.

CRUISE
The cruise phase begins once the ascent is complete. While cruising, the main FMC The title of the page indicates the active cruise (ACT) or
pages are CRZ (shown by default) and PROGRESS (accessible from prompt) being modified (MOD). The title usually contains ECON for
economy cruising. Depending on the selected speeds, the
title can change to:
ECON CRZ: speed based on cost index;
ECON CRZ CLB or CRZ DES: cruising uphill or downhill with
ECON selected;
MCP SPD CRZ: MCP cruising speed selected

CRZ ALT (Cruising Altitude)

ECON SPD (Economic Speed) or SEL
Displays the cruising altitude entered on the
SPD (Select Speed)
PERF INIT page and can be changed.
Displays target speed set in (Kt or Ma)
Valid values for editing are: XXX, XXXX,
and can be changed.
XXXXX (in Ft) or FLXXX. Altitude is displayed
ECON SPD is displayed when the speed
in Ft or FL depending on the transition
is set by the FMC according to the ECON
altitude.
parameters
Changing the altitude on the MCP and
Entering a speed manually will change the
pressing the altitude selector enters the MCP
header to SEL SPD.
altitude as the active cruising altitude, without
creating a change in the CDU
Speed changes can be selected manually
or automatically with selection of other
VNAV modes. Cruising ascents, cruising
descents and step climb can also be ETA/FUEL
performed from this page. Displays estimated arrival time and calculated
When using VNAV in ECON mode, the fuel remaining at destination (calculations are
parameters are based on the ECON SPD The PROGRESS pages display flight progress data and based on optimal climbs and cruising
setting, which depends on the cost index are divided into: altitudes).
set in the preflight. When a selected RTE DATA, which displays progress data for each The line header displays ETA/FUEL W/MOD
speed is entered, the parameters will no waypoint; when a modification is pending.
longer refer to the ECON SPD REF NAV DATA, which displays data about waypoints,
navigation aids, airports or runways; OPT/MAX/RECMD suggests flight level
FIX INFO, which displays waypoint data. Page data can (optimal, maximum and recommended)
be transferred to other pages to create new waypoints
! Press EXEC to activate changes
and fixes Simulation only - not for real flight
 VNAV – ALTITUDE AND SPEED CHANGES (DES)
The descent page is used to monitor and manage the descent profile. The descent speeds (shown in the
page title) can be ECON (economical) and SEL (selected manually). The default VNAV descent mode is
ECON and controls the rate of descent in economy mode until a slower rate is reached. When using the
SPD INTERVENTION function on the MCP or when the speed is changed on the FMC a descent is
performed at the selected speed instead.
DESCENT
The page title displays the active (ACT) or modified (MOD)
E/D AT (End of Descent at) descent. Usually, the title shows ECON for the economic
Displays the altitude and the End of Descent descent. Fixed speed descent change the title to:
waypoint (the wpt in the descent phase with ECON : speed based on cost index;
MCP SPD: speed selected via speed intervention on the
the lowest altitude constraint). MCP;
The field is blank if no E/D point exists XXXKT or MXXX: fixed rate of descent (in Kt or Ma), due to:
- activation of a selected speed (SEL SPD);
- speed transition;
ECON SPD (Economic Speed) or SEL SPD - speed limit associated with an altitude constraint;
(selected) - speed constraints of a waypoint
Indicates the descent speed (in Ft and Ma)
and the value can be changed.
The line header can indicate:
ECON SPD if speed is based on cost index; AT
SEL SPD if the speed is entered manually or Displays the next speed/altitude constraint
has been temporarily changed by the system for the indicated waypoint (in the example on
due to a speed constraint during the BERKS we will have to fly at 190 Kt above
transition (one wpt constraint, speed 5000 Ft).
restriction or spedd transition). By the FORECAST prompt you access the page for The field is blank when there is no constraint
The speed commanded by the FMC is entering the descent winds (shown in the flight plan).
indicated in magenta. Initially, Mach is
magenta and Ft white. Below the transition
Flight Path Angle (FPA), Vertical Bearing (V/
altitude Ft it turns magenta and Ma white
B), Vertical Speed (V/S)
-FPA displays the aircraft's current flight path
SPD RESTR (Speed Limit) angle
Displays the maximum speed that can be -V/B displays the calculated vertical bearing
reached below a certain altitude (in the These data will be used by the FMC to calculate any needed to reach the altitude of the waypoint
example 240 Kt below 8000 Ft). deviation from the route or speed adjustments. we are heading to
This limit can be forced by entering new The items to enter are: -V/S displays the vertical speed required to
values reach the altitude of the waypoint we are
Flight Level (decreasing). Valid entry is XXX (FL only) heading to
Wind direction (degrees) and speed (at respective
! Press EXEC to activate changes
altitudes). Valid entry is XXX/XX Simulation only - not for real flight
 APPROACH REF Non per volo reale

Before the descent it is necessary to set the system by entering the reference speeds and the Simulation only - not for real flight
value of the falps for landing, via the APPROACH REF page.
This page is accessed by
selecting the INIT REF key
during descent On some simulators, the
INIT REF key may open
this menu. To go to the
APPROACH REF page,
choose APPROACH
(5L)

Gross weight FLAPS VREF

Estimated aircraft gross weight at Displays the calculated reference speed
landing, calculated by FMC. for flap extension at 20°, 25° and 30°.
Only change the value if you expect a VREFs are automatically calculated and
different weight based on fuel displayed upon opening the Approach
consumption Ref page.
- Copy one of the suggested items
Runway length according to the extension of the flaps
Displays the length in feet and that will be used, by pressing the
meters of the selected rwy corresponding LSK and
- enter it in the FLAP SPEED field (4R) to
set the approach speed.
It is also possible to manually type in a valid
ILS information setting for flaps and speed (eg 30/143) and enter it
Displays ILS frequency* and landing in the FLAPS SPEED field or calculate more
runway orientation accurate speeds with the EFB and import them
(see EFB appendix)
* If the runway is equipped with ILS
Wind correction
Displays the wind correction to apply to
the approach speed.
The default is 5 Kt and valid values for
manual entry range from 0 to 20 Kt
 NAV RADIO page – FUNCTIONS Non per volo reale

NAV RAD is a fundamental page especially for navigation aids. This page displays the tuning of VOR, Simulation only - not for real flight
ILS-GLS and ADF radios and allows you to change frequencies.

The page is accessed using the

NAV RAD key

Manual entry of frequencies prevents automatic tuning (autotuning)

of the FMS: if NAV frequencies have been entered manually, they
! must be removed to allow autotuning to resume normal operation.

Frequencies Tuning status

The FMC automatically sets VOR and The tuning status is displayed next to the
DME for route operations and left and right VOR frequencies. The
procedures. For automatic tuning to be identifier and frequencies are shown in
active, no data must be entered in any green, while the tuning status in white.
field. The tuning status items are:
Entering a frequency manually tunes a - A (autotuning): the FMC selects a
VOR and prevents autotuning. navaid for the best orientation;
- M (manual): The frequency has been
If a frequency has been entered set manually.
manually, to reactivate the automatic As mentioned, deleting a manually tuned
tuning function simply delete the fields frequency returns the system to
containing the frequencies entered autotuning.
manually (DEL and LSK key of the
frequency to be deleted)
Valid entries for manual entry:
- VOR or DME identifiers (e.g. ABC)
- VOR or DME frequencies (e.g. 110.5 or
You can save a frequency for later entry by 110.50)
typing it into the scratchpad and selecting the
PRESELECT fields (left or right) or copy a
frequency to the scratchpad by selecting VOR L
or VOR R or one of the PRESELECT fields with
the scratchpad empty
 NAV RADIO page – ILS Non per volo reale

Simulation only - not for real flight

The NAV RAD page is essential especially for autoland, as it contains settings for tuning the ILS
and runway header.

Manual entry of the wrong ILS frequencies and COURSE prevents alignment to
! the runway. To enable autotuning of the FMS it is necessary to remove any
manual entries. Otherwise the system will not be able to autoland.

ILS

ILS tuning CRS (course)

ILS receivers operate in FMC-managed automatic This field is blank in autotune mode.
or manual tuning modes.
If you do not enter any data, the FMC The valid entry consists of three digits,
automatically tunes the ILS frequency/route indicating the runway orientation.
according to the approach selected in the flight Data can be entered manually when
plan. * dashes are displayed.

The position of the aircraft on the route determines With a VOR approach selected,
the ILS-GLS mode of operation. sequencing an IAF/FAF causes the FMC
The operating mode items are: to automatically tune the VOR frequency.
- PARK: the ILS or GLS is not tuned or cannot be When the approach has a runway
used; waypoint, the FMC selects the inbound
- XXX.XX/YYY PARK: the ILS is tuned to the route.
selected approach but is not used;
A indicates FMC autotune for approach; RADIAL Displays the radial from the left
M indicates ILS or GLS is manually tuned. and right VOR stations to the aircraft

For manual entry it is necessary to enter:

- ILS frequency and front course (e.g. 111.55/250
for runway locator EDDF 25C), or
- front course only, if attendance is already entered
(/250)
* The runway must be equipped
with ILS
 FIX page
The FIX page allows you to set references on the navigation display.
The most commonly used one allows you to "draw" reference circles with a given radius around a fix
(such as around an airport to help us approach).

Enter in this line the On the navigation display we will see our three
ICAO code of the references in the form of dashed circles around the
airport (possibly indicated point, with the radius that we have set
followed by the runway
if we want more detail)
or of the wpt of interest
(in the example we
have entered the
KORD airport, runway
22L)

Insert in the following 3

lines the radius around
which we want to draw
the circle (as in our
example 5, 10 and 15
Mn) in this way:
/5
/10 To erase a fix, simply select the "ERASE FIX" (6L) This function is widely used to get an idea, for example,
/15 item and then the fix to erase. of where the extension of the flaps or the landing gear
will begin or to remind us of an area with the presence
Further fixes can be inserted by moving to the of constraints or with particular characteristics
following pages with the PREV & NEXT PAGE
keys
Simulation only - not for real flight
 HOLD page
Simulation only - not for real flight
The HOLD page, accessible from the appropriate key, is used to insert a holding circuit.

HOLD AT The page displays the actual or default data on the holding pattern. Entries can be
Displays the boxes to insert the entry fix in edited or deleted.
the holding pattern (e.g. a wpt of the route When waiting for the next LNAV event, active commands are displayed in magenta.
When one or more hold patterns are present, the first one will be displayed when the
or defined by the pilot or an FAF already in page is opened, while the other patterns can be recalled from the NEXT HOLD
the flight plan) prompt.
PPOS (HOLD AT Present Position) Holding FIX
Create a holding pattern from your current View the entry fix into the holding
location
INBD CRS/DIR (Inbound Route/Direction)
Displays course entry and direction of turn.
Valid values are XXX (course in), XXX/X (course in/heading), /
X, or X (heading)

FIX ETA Displays the time the aircraft will pass the next
pending fix

LEG TIME
Displays the waiting time (1.0 MIN by default).
Displays dashes when an entry is entered on the LEG DIST
line.
Valid entry is X, X.X, or .X

LEG DIST (Stage distance)

Allows input of distance between legs for hold. Active holding pattern and exit
The entry displays dashes on the LEG TIME line. course are displayed on the ND in
Valid entry is X, XX, X.X, or XX.X, where X is any integer magenta, changes in white until
activated
BEST SPEED Displays the best speed to hold for the aircraft
gross weight, altitude and flap setting
NEXT HOLD
Displays a new holding pattern ERASE Erase all changes
EXIT HOLD Following the execution of the exit hold, only the remaining part of
Activate the exit from the holding pattern: the the holding returns to the correction views. Exiting the holding
aircraft will exit the holding pattern once it
reaches the pre-set exit point. Once the output
! pattern before crossing the holding fix (fly-by) may occur if the
course to the next waypoint is not closely aligned with the held
has been activated, the EXIT ARM item will be return course
displayed
 ALTERNATE page
The ALTN (alternate) page displays four airports per page in order of time or distance for choosing
an alternate airport. The page can be accessed via the dedicated key, or from the ALTN (LSK 5R)
prompt on the RTE page.

This page is for view only

The ALTN page is view only and contains a list that helps the pilot find a
suitable alternative airport for landing. To enter any alternate airport, refer
to the procedure for entering the arrival (DEP ARR page)

Alternative airports
ICAO code for alternate airports
- in ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)
order when airborne e
- in order of distance when on the
ground

FUEL
ETA Displays fuel on estimated arrival at
Shows the arrival time at the alternate airport, calculated based on
alternative airport. course, altitude and speed
ETA is calculated based on course,
altitude and speed

Simulation only - not for real flight

 ROUTE page
Simulation only - not for real flight

The RTE (Route Data) page displays data for each waypoint on the ACT RTE X LEGS page. This
page is accessed via the RTE DATA (LSK 6R) prompt on the LEGS page and is only available for the
active route.

This page is for view only

ETA
Displays the estimated time for
the waypoint

WAYPOINTS
Displays the waypoint identifier

FUEL
Displays the fuel remaining
calculated by the FMC at the
waypoint

The ETA and calculated fuel remaining at the

waypoint are displayed for each wpt.
The ETA and estimated fuel calculations assume a
direct flight through the route discontinuities
 NAV DATA page

The NAV DATA page displays data about waypoints, navaids, airports and runways.
This page can be accessed from the NAV DATA (LSK 1R) item in the INIT/REF page menu.

This page is for view only

By inserting in field 1L any waypoint, navaid or airport from

the navigation database, the system will indicate:

The frequency of the

identifier when it is a
navaid

Its geographical coordinates The elevation if it is

an airport

Simulation only - not for real flight

 PROGRESS page
Simulation only - not for real flight
The PROG (progress) page shows flight progress data. This page is for view only

DGT (Distance To GO) ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)

Distance to the respective Estimated time of arrival at
wpts and to the destination waypoints or destination

TO The POS REPORT item (LSK 6R) displays the

The first waypoint on which you position report page, where we find:
are going (displayed in
magenta) ATA
NEXT Actual time of arrival on the
The next waypoint (displayed in POS (position) last wpt
white) Displays the name of the
DEST last waypoint or the ETA
Shows the destination airport latitude/longitude used to Estimated time for the next
report the position wpt
SEL SPD (selected speed)
The speed mode set on the
FMC is displayed in magenta (it
is the same as the performance
page, unless changed by the
MCP or a limit). FUEL
Estimated fuel remaining at
The speed modes are: next waypoint or destination
-ECON SPD: economic speed
-MCP SPD: Speed entered on
the MCP in the IAS/MACH To T/C (o T/D)
indicator displays ETA and DTG at Top
-SEL SPD: selected speed Of Climb or Top Of Descent
EST (estimated) ALT
entered manually in the FMC
FUEL QTY Next waypoint we will Overflight altitude of
Total amount of fuel reach (active) the last waypoint
WIND NEXT
Show current wind (direction / Using the PREV & NEXT PAGE keys it is also possible Waypoint following the
speed) to scroll through the PROGRESS sub-pages, which active one
POS FUEL
contain further information, including: TEMP Remaining fuel at the
information on wind components (beam, tail and Outside air temperature position wpt (POS)
headwind), course corrections (XTK), static air (OAT) calculated by FMC
temperature, true speed, fuel used
Synthetic preflight

0 1 2 3
a
AIRAC cycle Airport and gate Take-off runway & DEP/ARR - arrival
Origin & destination,
verification settings, check IRS sid setting rwy & star (optional
waypoints (TO) & in preflight)
(optional) alignment airways (VIA)

4 5 6
7
Weight, fuel, cost Thrust & derate Flaps, elev. trim,
index, flight level, settings speed ref, rwy
etc. (for take off and conditions settings.
climb)

b Route verification
(recommended)
SET FLAPS
SET TRIM

Simulation only - not for real flight

EFB – Electronic Flight Bag
The EFB is a tablet-like device conceived in a similar way to the FMC which, in addition to containing various tools (aeronautical and airport charts,
navigation aids, logbook, request for ground services, etc*), allows you to enter some information (in particular take-off settings) more precisely and then
transmit them to the FMC/CDU. Like the FMC/CDU, it has selection keys (LSK) on both sides, which are used to enter menus or select corresponding items.
So let's see how to use the EFB to insert the data for the takeoff reference page (TAKEOFF REF) in the FMC, in particular more accurate v-speeds.

1 Since we have already entered a route, the

2 The Performance-Takeoff page will be
3
Once this information has been
INITIALIZE FLIGHT item is available at the bottom displayed. Since we have initialized the entered, the CALC item will become
right. As on the CDU, we select the LSK 8R to EFB, some information (airport, runway, available.
enter this page. flap setting, wind, CG, etc.) has been By selecting it, the EFB will then
The system will load the ORIGIN and pre-populated with the data entered in provide more accurate V-Speeds than
DESTINATION airports already entered in the route the FMC. those already available on the Takeoff
page in the FMC We will have to import only the take-off Ref page
weight data from the FMC, so click on
COPY FMC DATA

The PERFORMANCE item will then become

available. Then click on the corresponding Now you need to enter information about
button to open the page runway conditions and thrust level * Features included or implemented as well as the
arrangement of the items may change depending on
the simulators.
Simulation only - not for real flight
EFB – Electronic Flight Bag
4 5
The newly calculated v-speeds will be shown in a summary We therefore confirm that we want to
tab transmit them to the FMC by ticking the
relative item, then click on COMPLETE to
start the transfer
The performance application
calculates accurate
performance data for takeoff
and landing.
The calculations are based on
the combination of data
preloaded on the system and
data entered manually.
Preloaded data includes:
- airport characteristics (e.g.
altitude, data on the runway
and on any obstacles);
- aircraft data (engine type,
rating, flaps configuration).
Data entered manually by the
pilot includes:
- current track conditions (e.g.
dry or wet, etc.)
- current environmental
conditions (e.g. outside
temperature, wind speed);
- specific configuration of the
aircraft (for example position of
the flaps);
- NOTAM data (that may affect
performance).

We just have to transfer them to the FMC by selecting the An audible signal will confirm the operation and
SEND OUTPUT item (8L) the new data will be entered and displayed in
the FMC/CDU

Simulation only - not for real flight

FMC messages

System messages are displayed in the message window on the CDU and can be alerts or warnings.
The alert messages are generally also accompanied by the “FMC MESSAGE” warning message on the EICAS.

Use the CLEAR key and/or correct the condition to remove the message.

Below is a list of possible messages.

FMC Alerting Messages

CHECK ALT TGT

With VNAV active, the aircraft is between the MCP and FMC altitudes. VNAV maintains level flight.

CYCLE IRS OFF - NAV

With the aircraft on the ground any IRS has detected a condition that requires cycling inertial power off and back to
NAV.

DESCENT PATH DELETED

VNAV is active and all waypoint with altitude constraints defining the descent profile are deleted.

Note: This message displays before execution of the modification which deletes the descent path.

DISCONTINUITY
LNAV is active and the aircraft has passed the last waypoint prior to a route discontinuity (except on a manually
terminated leg, such as a VECTORS legs).

DRAG REQUIRED
VNAV is active and additional drag is required or Autothrottle is off and less thrust is required to maintain the VNAV
descent path.

END OF ROUTE
LNAV active and end of active route overflown.

ENTER IRS POSITION

The flight crew-entered present position did not pass one of the IRS comparison checks, or the IRS is ready to
change to navigate mode and has not received a present position entry. Use the CLEAR key to remove this
message.

FUEL DISAGREE or FUEL QTY ERROR

Totaliser Fuel Quantity and FMC calculated Fuel Quantity disagree by a significant amount.

INSUFFICIENT FUEL
Estimated fuel at destination less than entered RESERVES value.

IRS MOTION
An IRS has detected motion while in ALIGN.
FMC Alerting Messages

IRS NAV ONLY

The FMC has been without radio or GPS updating for a predetermined period of time.

IRS POS/ORIGIN DISAGREE

Valid inertial position differs from active origin airport.

LIMIT ALT FLNNN

VNAV engaged and cruise altitude greater than VNAV limit altitude.

NAV DATA OUT OF DATE

The clock calendar date is after the active navigation database valid calendar cycle.

NAV INVALID - TUNE XXXX

RNAV or VOR approach procedures must have a specific navaid tuned or a valid signal is not being received.

NO ACTIVE ROUTE
LNAV is selected and no route is activated.

PERF/VNAV UNAVAILABLE
VNAV selected and either gross weight, cost index or cruise altitude are not entered.

PURGE UPDATES - POS 2

Multiple navaids rejected by the FMC due to a position error.

RESET MCP ALT

2 minutes prior to the top of descent point with VNAV active and MCP not set to an altitude below cruise altitude.

RESYNC FAIL - SINGLE FMC

Resynchronisation attempt failed and one FMC is shutdown.

RESYNCING OTHER FMC

offside FMC has just powered up or failed comparison data check and is being resynchronised to onside FMC.

RW/ILS CRS ERROR

LOC mode armed and the selected ILS course is incorrect for the active route runway.
FMC Alerting Messages

RW/ILS FREQ ERROR

Selected ILS frequency does not match frequency for runway in active route.

SET CLOCK TO UTC TIME

the UTC time from the GPS disagrees with the captains clock by more than 12 seconds.

SINGLE FMC OPERATION

One FMC is not operational.

THRUST REQUIRED
VNAV active, Autothrottle disconnected, and additional thrust required to track VNAV descent path and maintain
speed.

UNABLE NEXT ALT

VNAV active and climb not sufficient to comply with waypoint altitude constraint.

VERIFY POSITION
The difference between the FMC position and other position data exceeds a comparison threshold. The possible
conflicts are:
- the left FMC position differs from the right FMC position;
- the radio position differs from the FMC position;
- the GPS position differs from the FMC position.

VERIFY RNP - POS REF 2

The default RNP (requested navigation performances) has changed due to a change in flight phase and the flight
crew entered RNP value exceeds the new default RNP value.

VIA OFFSET INVALID

Flight conditions invalidate the modification with a divert to an alternate airport via OFFSET.
FMC Advisory Messages

Those messages which are caused by an entry error must be cleared before the entry can
continue.

ARR N/A FOR RUNWAY

The runway/approach selected is not compatible with arrival selected.

CRS REVERSAL AT FA FIX

A conflict exists between the default final approach (FA) waypoint (result of a runway or VFR approach selection) and
the flight plan before it.

DELETE
DEL key pushed.

HOLD AT XXXX
A waypoint not contained in the active route is entered into the HOLD AT box on the RTE LEGS page, after selection
of the HOLD function key. Selection of HOLD AT XXXX into a RTE LEGS page waypoint line makes a holding fix at
the XXXX waypoint.

INVALID DELETE
Deletion of selected data is not allowed.

INVALID ENTRY
Entry format or range is incorrect for the selected field or the entered airway or TO waypoint does not coincide with
the navigation database.

INVALID TUNE REQUEST

Attempt to remotely tune a VOR is not valid.

MANUALLY TUNED
Attempt to remotely tune a VOR that is manually tuned.

MAX ALT FL-XXX

The altitude entry on any CDU page is above the performance calculated maximum attitude.

NOT IN DATABASE
Data is not in the route or the navigation database.
FMC Advisory Messages

NOT ON INTERCEPT HEADING

LNAV selected and the airplane is outside active capture criteria and the present heading will not intercept the active
leg.

ROUTE FULL
The route is filled to the allowable capacity.

RUNWAY N/A FOR SID

Selected runway not compatible with SID.

RW/ILS FREQ ERROR

The selected ILS frequency does not match frequency for runway in active route.

STANDBY ONE
The FMC temporarily prevents further CDU inputs.

UNABLE CRZ ALT

Performance predicts a zero cruise time at the entered cruise altitude.

XXXXX
Altitude set in the MCP window when VNAV is engaged, the CLB or CRZ page is displayed, and the altitude is
above, within 4000 feet below, and not equal to the CRZ ALT.