Mitosis and Meiosis Grade 7

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MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Mitosis divides a eukaryotic cell’s chromosomes into two identical daughter cells, Mitosis divides a eukaryotic cell’s chromosomes into two identical daughter cells,
wherein mitotic cell division produces the cells needed for growth, development, wherein mitotic cell division produces the cells needed for growth, development,
and tissue repair. Mitosis and tissue repair. Mitosis
is divided into four stages. is divided into four stages.

Prophase - is the stage of chromosome replication. The chromosomes condense Prophase - is the stage of chromosome replication. The chromosomes condense
and the spindle forms; the nucleus disassembles, the nuclear envelope breaks up, and the spindle forms; the nucleus disassembles, the nuclear envelope breaks up,
and the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. and the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.

Metaphase - is the step in which the chromosomes formed in prophase move to Metaphase - is the step in which the chromosomes formed in prophase move to
the middle of the cell. These chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. the middle of the cell. These chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.

Anaphase - is where the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the Anaphase - is where the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the
cell. Shortening spindle fibers separate the chromosomes. cell. Shortening spindle fibers separate the chromosomes.

Telophase - the nucleus reforms and a membrane appears between each mass of Telophase - the nucleus reforms and a membrane appears between each mass of
chromosomes. This newly formed membrane divides the cytoplasm. Once this is chromosomes. This newly formed membrane divides the cytoplasm. Once this is
completed, the two separate cells repeat the process. completed, the two separate cells repeat the process.

Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces
the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm).
MEIOSOS I MEIOSIS II
MEIOSOS I MEIOSIS II
Prophase I Prophase II
Prophase I Prophase II
● Chromosomes condense and become visible. ● Spindles form.
● Chromosomes condense and become visible. ● Spindles form.
● Crossing over occurs. ● Nuclear envelopes break up
● Crossing over occurs. ● Nuclear envelopes break up
● Spindle forms.
● Spindle forms.
● Nuclear envelope breaks up. Metaphase II
● Nuclear envelope breaks up. Metaphase II
● Chromosomes line up along the
● Chromosomes line up along the
Metaphase I equator of the cell.
Metaphase I equator of the cell.
● Paired homologous chromosomes line up
● Paired homologous chromosomes line up
along the equator of the cell. Anaphase II
along the equator of the cell. Anaphase II
● Centromeres split as sister
● Centromeres split as sister
Anaphase I chromatids separate to opposite
Anaphase I chromatids separate to opposite
● Homologous chromosomes separate to poles of the cell.
● Homologous chromosomes separate to poles of the cell.
opposite poles of the cell.
opposite poles of the cell.
● Sister chromatids remain joined. Telophase II & Cytokinesis
● Sister chromatids remain joined. Telophase II & Cytokinesis
● Nuclear envelopes assemble
● Nuclear envelopes assemble
Telophase I & Cytokinesis around daughter nuclei.
Telophase I & Cytokinesis around daughter nuclei.
● Nuclear envelopes form around ● Chromosomes decondense.
● Nuclear envelopes form around ● Chromosomes decondense.
chromosomes, which may temporarily ● Spindle disappears.
chromosomes, which may temporarily ● Spindle disappears.
decondense. ● Cytokinesis divides cells.
decondense. ● Cytokinesis divides cells.
● Spindle disappears.
● Spindle disappears.
● Cytokinesis may divide cells into two.
● Cytokinesis may divide cells into two.

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