Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design And Build Road Project

Master work Program

METHOD STATEMENT

June 2021

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Master work Program

Table Contents
Part 1 Design Method Statement
1 UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROJECT......................................................................- 1 -
1.1 Background .................................................................................................- 1 -
1.2 Contract Data ..............................................................................................- 1 -
1.3 Scope of Works and Objectives..................................................................- 2 -
1.4 Items of work ..............................................................................................- 2 -
1.5 Project Description .....................................................................................- 4 -
1.5.1 Topography.......................................................................................................... - 6 -
1.5.2 Climate ................................................................................................................ - 6 -
1.5.3 Project Road Design Sub-sections ....................................................................... - 9 -
2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................- 9 -
2.1 Standards and Design References...............................................................- 9 -
2.1.1 General ................................................................................................................ - 9 -
2.1.2 Standards and reference publications ................................................................... - 9 -
2.1.3 Conflicts & Priority ........................................................................................... - 10 -
2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENT ..................................................................- 10 -
2.2.1 Design Schedule ................................................................................................ - 10 -
2.2.2 Meetings and Progress Reporting.................................................................. - 10 -
2.3 Route Location/Alignment Study Work ...................................................- 11 -
2.4 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND CONSTRUCTION STAKING .........- 12 -
2.4.1 Generals............................................................................................................ - 12 -
2.4.2 Topographic Survey..................................................................................- 12 -
2.4.3 Construction Staking.................................................................................- 14 -
2.4.4 Utilities......................................................................................................- 15 -
2.5 GEOMETRIC DESIGN ...........................................................................- 15 -
2.5.1 Introductory Notes on Geometric Design .......................................................... - 15 -
2.5.2 Design Control and Criteria ............................................................................... - 16 -
HIGHWAY SURFACING & GEOTECHNICAL CONSIDERATION..- 21 -
2.6.1 Pavement Design ............................................................................................... - 21 -
2.6.2 Earthwork Designs............................................................................................. - 22 -
2.6.3 Geotechnical Designs for Foundations of Structures ......................................... - 23 -
2.6.4 Material Source Investigation ............................................................................ - 23 -
HYDROLOGICAL STUDY AND HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS/DESIGN .......- 24 -
2.7.1 General .............................................................................................................. - 24 -
2.7.2 Hydrological Study ............................................................................................ - 25 -
2.7.3 Hydraulic Design of Drainage Structures .......................................................... - 26 -
3.9 DRAINAGE DESIGNS............................................................................- 27 -
3.9.1 General .............................................................................................................. - 27 -
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3.9.2 Existing Culverts................................................................................................. - 27 -
3.9.3 Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert ..................................................................... - 27 -
3.9.4 Box or Slab Culvert ........................................................................................... - 27 -
3.9.5 Surface Drainage Design ................................................................................... - 28 -
3.10 BRIDGE DESIGN ....................................................................................- 28 -
3.10.1 General .............................................................................................................. - 28 -
3.10.2 Existing Bridges................................................................................................. - 29 -
3.10.3 Design of New Bridges ...................................................................................... - 29 -
3.10.4 Bridge Foundations............................................................................................ - 29 -
3.10.5 Expansion Joints ................................................................................................ - 29 -
3.10.6 Reinforced Elastomeric Bearing ........................................................................ - 29 -
3.11 ROAD SAFETY DESIGN .......................................................................- 29 -
3.11.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... - 29 -
3.11.2 Traffic signs ....................................................................................................... - 30 -
3.11.3 Road /Pavement markings ................................................................................. - 30 -
3.11.4 Marker posts ...................................................................................................... - 30 -
3.11.5 ROW Marker Posts ............................................................................................ - 30 -
3.11.6 Rumble strips ..................................................................................................... - 31 -
3.11.7 Guard Rails ........................................................................................................ - 31 -
3.12 STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ...........................................................- 31 -
3.12.1 Generals ............................................................................................................. - 31 -
Environmental impact Assessment review and support plans ............................ - 31 -
Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment review .................................... - 32 -
4- Subsurface Geotechnical Foundation Investigation…………………………………...….-32-
5- Retaining Wall…………………………………………………………………..……..…-33-
Part 2 Construction Method Statement
1. General...........................................................................................................................- 35 -
1.1.Project Introduction ................................................................................................- 35 -
1.2 Main Quantity of Construction Works ...................................................................- 36 -
1.3 Basic Contract Details ............................................................................................- 36 -
1.4 Line graph of Camp and Sources............................................................................- 37 -
2. Site Layout and Temporary Works...................................................................................- 37 -
2.1 Camp Establishment ...............................................................................................- 37 -
2.2 Water Source...........................................................................................................- 38 -
2.3 Power Supply ..........................................................................................................- 38 -
2.4 Telecommunications...............................................................................................- 38 -
2.5 Transport .................................................................................................................- 38 -
3. Possession of Site Sources ................................................................................................- 39 -
3.1 Borrow Pit...............................................................................................................- 39 -
3.2 Water for Construction ...........................................................................................- 39 -
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3.3 Sand sources...........................................................................................................- 39 -
3.4 Rocks ......................................................................................................................- 40 -
3.5 Fuel and Cement .....................................................................................................- 41 -
3.6 Steel and Bitumen...................................................................................................- 41 -
4. Organization Organ of Construction Management...........................................................- 41 -
4.1 Command................................................................................................................- 41 -
4.2 Management............................................................................................................- 41 -
4.3 Operation ................................................................................................................- 42 -
4.4 Mobilization Priority...............................................................................................- 43 -
5. Main Machinery/Equipment and Man power and Contractor mobilization plan .............- 43 -
5.1 Mobilization............................................................................................................- 43 -
5.2 Engineer`s Equipment.............................................................................................- 43 -
5.3 Main Machinery......................................................................................................- 43 -
5.4 Man power ..............................................................................................................- 43 -
5.5 Contractor mobilization plan and site construction ................................................- 44
- 5.6 Right of way and setting out plan ...........................................................................-
44 -
6. General Construction Progress and Cash Flow ................................................................- 45 -
6.1 General Construction Progress ...............................................................................- 45 -
6.2 Cash Flow Chart .....................................................................................................- 46 -
7. Construction Method ........................................................................................................- 47 -
7.1 Resources procurement, Transportation & Installation ..........................................- 47 -
7.2 Setting out of work and Protection of survey Monuments .....................................- 47 -
7.3 Site Clearance .........................................................................................................- 48 -
7.3.1 Description ...................................................................................................................... - 48
-
7.3.2 Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification ................................................... - 48 -
7.3.3 Construction Method....................................................................................................... - 49 -
7.4 Drainage..................................................................................................................- 50 -
7.4.1 Description ...................................................................................................................... - 50 -
7.4.2 Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification ................................................... - 50 -
7.4.3 Construction method for Concrete Pipe .......................................................................... - 50 -
7.4.4 Construction method for stone pitching and masonry ..................................................... - 53 -
7.5 Earthworks ..............................................................................................................- 55 -
7.5.1 Description ...................................................................................................................... - 55 -
7.5.2 Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification ................................................... - 55 -
7.5.3 Construction method for Preparation and Compaction of road bed ................................. - 58
- 7.5.4 Construction method for Excavation and Embankment .................................................. - 58
-
7.6 Capping Layer.........................................................................................................- 60 -
7.7 Sub-base ..................................................................................................................- 61 -
7.7.1 Description ...................................................................................................................... - 61 -
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7.7.2 Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification ................................................... - 61 -
7.7.3 Construction method for Sub-base .................................................................................. - 62 -

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7.8 Road-bases.......................................................................................................................... - 64 -
7.8.1 Description ...................................................................................................................... - 64 -
7.8.2 Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification ................................................... - 64 -
7.8.3 Construction method for Road-base ................................................................................ - 67 -
7.9 Bituminous Surfacing........................................................................................................ - 69 -
7.9.1 Prime Coat ...................................................................................................................... - 69 -
7.9.2 Surface Seals ................................................................................................................... - 70 -
7.9.3 Construction Method of Bituminous surfacing ............................................................... - 71 -
7.10 Bridge.............................................................................................................................. - 73 -
7.10.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... - 73 -
7.10.2 Construction Sequence .................................................................................................. - 73 -
7.10.3 Construction Method..................................................................................................... - 73 -
7.11 Ancillary Works .............................................................................................................. - 78 -
7.11.1 Description.................................................................................................................... - 78 -
7.11.2 Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification ................................................. - 78 -
7.11.3 Construction method for Kilometer post ....................................................................... - 85 -
7.11.4 Construction method for galvanized guardrail .............................................................. - 85 -
7.11.5 Construction method for traffic signs ............................................................................ - 86 -
7.11.6 Construction method for road marking ......................................................................... - 86 -
8. Traffic Control ............................................................................................................................. - 87 -
8.1 Scope................................................................................................................................. - 87 -
8.2 General Description........................................................................................................... - 87 -
8.3 Traffic Barriers, Signing and Lighting .............................................................................. - 88 -
8.4 Construction of Temporary Traffic Diversions ................................................................. - 88 -
9. Health and Safety Plan................................................................................................................. - 89 -
10. Environmental Management Plan .............................................................................................. - 93 -
10.1 Scope............................................................................................................................... - 93 -
10.2 Landscape Preservation ................................................................................................... - 93 -
10.3 Temporary Soil Erosion Control ..................................................................................... - 94 -
10.4 Preservation of Trees and Shrubbery ............................................................................... - 94 -
10.5 Prevention of Water Pollution ......................................................................................... - 95 -
10.6 Abatement of Air, Dust, Noise and Light Pollution......................................................... - 95 -
10.7 Preservation of Historical, Archaeological and Cultural Remains................................... - 97 -
10.8 Pesticides......................................................................................................................... - 97 -
10.9 Cleanup and Disposal of Waste Materials ....................................................................... - 97 -
10.10 Environmental Management for Each Item ................................................................... - 99 -
10.10.1 Noise ........................................................................................................................... - 99 -
10.10.2 Smoke and Dust .......................................................................................................... - 99 -
10.10.3 Wastes and Rubbish .................................................................................................... - 99 -
11. Disease Alleviation Measures .................................................................................................. - 100 -
12. Work Program ......................................................................................................................... - 101 -

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List of Tables
Part 1
Table 1-1 : Contract Data........................................................................................................- 1 -
Table 2-1 : Brief Work Schedule ..........................................................................................- 10 -
Table 2-2 : Geometric Design Standard Parameters f or the Project Road ..........................- 17 -
Table 2-3 : Design Speed of the project ...............................................................................- 18 -
Table 2-4 : List of town/Village section ...............................................................................- 19 -
Table 2-5 : Slope Ratio Table – Vertical to Horizontal ........................................................- 20 -
Table 2-6 : Standards and Design references........................................................................- 21 -
Table 2-7 : Pavement Design Step........................................................................................- 21 -
Table 2-8 : the minimum Pavement Thickness.....................................................................- 22 -
Table 2-9 : Available Construction Material Location .........................................................- 23 -
Table 3-1 : List of Proposed New Bridges ...........................................................................- 28 -
Table 3-2 : Environmental impact Assessment Step ............................................................- 32 -
Table 3-3 : Environmental impact Assessment ....................................................................- 32 -
Part 2
Table 1.1 :- Project control point ..........................................................................................- 35 -
Table 1.2 :- Main Quantity ...................................................................................................- 36 -

List of Figures
Part 1
Figure 1-1: Location map of the project .................................................................................- 5 -
Figure 1-2: Mean Monthly Rainfall of the Project Area ........................................................- 8 -
Figure 2-1: Network of Surface ............................................................................................- 28
-
Part 2
Figure 1-1:- Construction sequence of Concrete Pipe ..........................................................- 52 -

Appendix
Part 2
Appendix 1:- Engineering Camp….....................................................................................102
Appendix 2:- Crusher area Layout......................................................................................103
Appendix 3:- Monthly Material requirement.......................................................................104
Appendix 4:- Monthly Equipment requirement schedule.....................................................106
Appendix 5:- Manpower requirement/Mobilization schedule.............................................107
Appendix 6:- Available working day for work program....................................................111
Appendix 7:- Cash flow summary.......................................................................................112
Appendix 8:- Response matrix….........................................................................................113

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List of Abbreviations
AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic
AASHTO American Association of State Highway Transport Officials
ADT Average Daily Traffic
BoQ Bill of Quantities
CBR California Bearing Ratio
CN Curve Number
CSA Central Statistical Agency
0C Degree Celsius
DS Design Standards (ERA Geometric Design Manual)
EHS Environmental Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
EMA Ethiopian Mapping Authority
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority
ESA Equivalent Standard Axles (8.16 ton)
ETB Ethiopian Birr
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FYRR First Year Rate of Return
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GIS Geographical Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
IDF Intensity Duration Frequency
IRI International Roughness Index
IRR Internal Rate of Return (economic)
ISO International Standards Organization
km kilometer
LHS Left Hand Side
LP Longitudinal Profile
m meter
No. Number
PAP Project Affected Persons
QA Quality Assurance
QAP Quality Assurance Plan
QM Quality Management
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RC Reinforced Concrete
RFP Request for Proposal
RHS Right Hand Side
ROW Right of Way

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SCS Soil Conservation Service (US)
SIA Social Impact Assessment
SN Structural Number
SNP Structural Number (adjusted for subgrade strength)
Sq. km square kilometers
ToR Terms of Reference
TRL Transport Research Laboratory (UK), previously TRRL

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Part 1
Design Method Statement

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1 UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROJECT

Background
As has been the case in the past, the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) continues its
commitment to give the road sector the highest priority and is preparing more projects for funding by donors and from the
national budget. Individual road projects are selected for inclusion in the RSDP on the basis of needs assessment and
taking into account the level of traffic, road condition and access problem etc. In accordance with the above and its overall
road sector strategy, the FDRE, represented by Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA), has allocated sufficient budget to finance
payments for the design and construction works of Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design And Build Road Project: through the Design
and Build contract delivery strategy.
The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (the
Employer) signed an Agreement with DIRIBA DEFERSHA CONSTRUCTION PLC on the
6th day of April, 2021 for Design and Construction of Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design And Build
Road Project (70.0 Km).

Contract Data
Table 1-1: Contract Data

Project Name:
Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design And Build
Road Project (70.0 Km).
Project Ref. No: W/146/ICB/OC/GOE/2012 EFY
Funding: Government of Ethiopia
Employer Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA)
Head Office Ras Abebe Aregay Street (P.O. Box 1770)
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Contractor : DIRIBA DEFERSHA CONSTRUCTION PLC.
Employer’s Representative:
SG Consulting Engineers Plc.

Project Period: 1460 Calendar Days

Contract Sign Date 6th day of April, 2021
Commencement Date May 8, 2021
Project Cost 1,835,358,164.34 including 15% VAT

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Scope of Works and Objectives

The project comprises:

 Alternatives Route Assessment and Route Selection

 Investigating, surveying, Designing and constructing of the roadway and any necessary
structures

 Designing and constructing DC5 standard road and as modified in the Employer
requirement,

 Designing and Constructing Bridges, culverts, retaining walls, Etc as in the Employer
requirement,

 Designing and constructing surface drains

 Designing and constructing under drains where appropriate

 Designing and Constructing Paved Roadways

 Designing and Constructing Retaining Walls, and other road protection works

 Pavement Markings and Erecting Traffic Signs

 Compatible traffic management during the construction stages of the project.

 Studying and applying applicable environmental mitigation measures at design stage

so that the impact of the construction of the road on the environment shall be prevented
initially

 Framing a sound Environmental Management plan to be followed at construction stage

so as to mitigate the negative impacts to the absolute minimum desirable

 And other necessary works to meet the Employer’s requirement

Items of work

The work shall consist of furnishing all design, plans, documentation, equipment, materials,
labor and incidentals necessary to complete the road project successfully in compliance with
the contract provisions. The Contractor for this project shall perform, as minimum, the
primary item of work listed below. This list is not all-inclusive and the Contractor shall be
responsible for identifying all items of work and executing them according to the design and
specifications to meet the employer’s requirement.

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Design work Items:

 Route Selection

 Topographic Survey

 Geotechnical investigation

 Geometric Design

 Junction Design

 Pavement Design

 Bridge Design

 Culvert (Pipe/Box/Slab) Design

 Side Drains design

 Under Drain Design

 Retaining Wall Design

 Permanent Signs Design

 Pavement Marking Design

 Roads Safety Audit

 Design of Protection Works such as guard rails, gabions, grassing, etc

 Quality management program of implementation

 Design Documents

 Record drawings of As Built plans

Construction work Items:

 Construction of the roadway to DC5standard (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design
Standard)and as modified in this Employer’s Requirements, including walkways in
Regional and Woreda seats and extra paved shoulders in Kebele seats, in accordance
with the Typical drawings thereof and in line with their master plan

 Demolishing and removal of substandard structures such as pipe, slab and box culverts,
bailey bridge, Fords and Vented Causeways, if any

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
 Constructing new Bridges and culverts (pipes/slab/box culverts as required)

 Clearing and maintaining the existing structures, if any, and improving their flow
direction

 Constructing under drains wherever deemed necessary

 Constructing surface drains

 Constructing surface drains on benches

 Constructing Asphalt Concrete Pavement

 Constructing Shoulders

 Constructing Retaining Walls, Gabions, and other road protection works

 Pavement Markings and Erecting Traffic Signs, Guide Posts, Km Posts, Guard Rails

 Construction of speed humps and strips where ever necessary

 Construction of Round About wherever necessary

 Constructing other ancillary works as required

 Constructing detour/diversion Roads to manage traffic as deemed necessary

 Reinstatement of used quarries, borrow and any other sites

Project Description

The project road is fully located in South-western part of Ethiopia, Oromia Region,
particularly in West Welega Zone. The project road traverses through Gimbi town and three
Towns Namely, Guyi; Nole kaba, and Ula Babu Towns. The existing road is a gravel wearing
course road with low standard.

The project road starts in Gimbi Town and runs in Eastern direction throuthout its length
towards Metu town and ends at a length of 70Km.

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
The location map and general layout of the project road along with the project control points
is shown in Figure below

Ethiopia map with the

Road
Figure 1-1: Location map of the project

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Topography

The Project Road is primarily traversing through terrain ranges from Flat to mountainous.
Following the classes of the ERA Geometric Design Manual (sub-chapter '5.6 Terrain'), the
terrain along this section of the Project Road can be described as follows:

 Flat terrain for a total of 1.42km (2.03%);

 Rolling terrain for a total of 21.42km (30.60% ) ; and

 Mountainous terrain for a total of 47.16km (67.37%)

The above shown lengths of terrain classes result from an analysis of the different ranges of
ground slopes along the project route, extracted from available topographic survey data and
based on the definitions of the ERA Geometric Design Manual, where a minimum length
of 0.5km of terrain class has been considered as per the employer requirement.

Prominent mountainous type of terrain is encountered at the following sections:

 Out Skirt of Gimbi town

 Approach to Chutakeki Kebele,

 From out skirt of Guyi Town to Chonge Village approach

 Approach and exit to Nole Kaba Town

 Around Kiltu Tobe Kebele

Climate

Climatic conditions in Ethiopia are largely governed by altitudinal variations that are
controlling rainfall distributions to some degree and the temperature variation to a very large
extent. Based on Mean Seasonal Precipitation and Mean Seasonal Temperature variations,
three operational seasonal periods are commonly known in Ethiopia. These are named as
“Bega”, “Belg” and “kiremt” and are occurring in months of October - January, February -
May and June - September, respectively. The long rainy season in the summer from May to
September known locally as Kiremt, is primarily controlled by the seasonal migration of the
inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ), which lies to the north of Ethiopia at that time.
According to the National Atlas of Ethiopia (1981), the climatic condition of the country is
classified into the following climatic zones:
 “Kur”; 3300m a.s. l. and above (annual mean temp. of <10oC.)
 “Dega”; 2300 – 3300-meter a.s.l. (annual mean temp. of 10 to 15oC.)

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
 “Weina Dega”; 1500 – 2300-meter a.s.l. (annual mean temp. of 15 to 20oC.)
 “Kola”, 500 – 1500m a.s.l. (annual mean temp of about 30oC)
 “Berha”, below 500-m. a.s.l. (with annual mean temperature of 30-40oC.)
From the above classification the project route corridor falls within “Weina Dega” climatic
zone.
As per description of National Meteorological Agency, the rainfall regimes of the country are
classified as Mono-modal, Bi-modal Type I, Bi-modal Type II and Diffused pattern. The
rainfall regime of the project area is Mono-modal which is characterized by one peak rainfalls
April to October as shown in the graph below.

Monthly Average Rainfall of Atnago Station

350.0

300.0

250.0

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0
JANFEBMAR APRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program

Monthly Averagr Rainfall of Somodo Station

350.0

300.0

250.0

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Figure 1-2: Mean Monthly Rainfall of the Project Area

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2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Standards and Design References

General
Contractor will perform the design and construction work in accordance with the following
Employer’s Requirements, specification or reference documents. If a specific standard,
specification or Reference document is not listed herein, the employer’s representative will
identify the pertinent standard, specification or Reference Document to Contractor

Standards and reference publications

Design and construct the roadway in accordance with the requirements of the standards listed
below in the order of priority.
 ERA’s 2013 Route Selection Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Site Investigation Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Geotechnical Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Pavement Design Manuals Volume I Flexible pavement (2013)
 ERA’s 2013 Pavement Design Manuals Volume II Rigid pavements (2013)
 ERA’s 2013 Pavement Rehabilitation and Asphalt overlay Design Manual (2013)
 ERA’s 2013 Drainage Design Manual
 ERA’s 2013 Bridge Design Manual
 ERA Low Volume Roads Design Manual (2013)

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 ERA’s 2013 Standard Technical Specification and Method of Measurement for Road
Works
 ERA’s 2013 Standard Drawings
 ERA’s 2013 Best Practice Manual for Thin Bituminous Surfacing
 ERA’s 2008 Environmental Management System Manual (two volumes) 2008 (Latest
Version)

Conflicts & Priority

If there is any conflict among standards, adhere to the standard with the highest priority. The
Contractor shall also use the most current version of each listed standards.

GENERAL REQUIREMENT

Design Schedule
Contractor will submit schedule to the employer’s representative detailing the various
activities and works to be carried out under the contract including any imposed milestones,
within the agreed periods. All schedules (design and construction) should be able to
demonstrate Contractor’ intention and capability to complete the works within the required
contract completion times.
Detailed design is divided into two subcomponents such as Planning and Detailed design. The
brief Work Schedule of each activity proposed by the Contractor is presented in Table below

Table 2-1: Brief Work Schedule

Classification Main Task / Activity Start Finish Duration

Design Establishment Plan, Code, Standard, Etc 0M 0.5M 0.5Month
Survey Topographical, Geology, Etc 0M 4M 4 Month
Detail Design Geotechnical, Pavement, Etc 0M 6M 6 Month

Meetings and Progress Reporting

Contractor will anticipate periodic meetings with employer personnel and other bodies as
required for resolution of design and/or construction issues.
Contractor will:
 Plan and schedule weekly meetings with Employer’s Representatives to discuss Project
progress, issues, and planned Works for all phases of design and construction.

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
 Contractor will provide meeting facilities and record minutes of each meeting and
distribute copies to the participants within five (5) calendar days of the meeting date for
the Employer’s Representative information and confirmation

Route Location/Alignment Study Work

The route location/alignment study report considers the following main topics in the reference
to the ERA Geometric Design Manual – 2013 and site study to reach the final best-
recommended routes alignment of the project:
1. Study Scope of the project based on the work contract and others
supplementary references
2. Analyzing the ERA Manuals and contract requirement

 Locating the control points.

 Identification of topographical and environmental constraints.
3. Study of Alternative Routes

 Identification of Alternative Routes using available maps of EMA.

4. Consultation

 Stakeholders Consultation and meeting with the responsible local

administration along the routes and different sector offices.
5. Environmental Impact Assessment

 Approach for environmental impact assessment of route alternatives.

 Overview of physical, ecological, socio-economic route characteristics.
 Environmental comparison analysis of the route alternatives
 Socio-economic and socio-cultural Assessment
6. Engineering Assessment

 Lengths of Route Alternatives

 Terrain Condition and classification comparison
 Earthworks quantity and cost estimation comparison
 Pavement quantity and cost estimation comparison
 Culverts and Bridges study based on Topographical maps and
Catchment map
 Material Condition study and comparison using Geological Map to
determine Sub grade suitability and Construction Material availability
 Geo hazard evaluation to study the alignment geological feature like
slope instability in the cut areas
 Cost Comparison estimation made based on Earthwork, Pavement and
Drainage costs of the different route alternatives and summarize each
alignment engineering costs.

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
7. Strategic Considerations

 To compare the Socio-Economic and Socio Cultural Issues like

Administrative preferences, Sustainability and Strategic Impact
8. Economic considerations

 For comparison of economic aspect parameters like Viability and

Road User Benefits...etc.
9. Evaluation and Recommendation

 Multi Criteria Analysis

 Based on the assessment carried out for the route alternatives, the
summary of all criteria shown in the table of Multi-Criteria Analysis
clearly indicate which Route is the preferred including the weighted
points with reasons of selected route corridor which have better and
practicable one.
 The analysis and recommendation includes engineering parameters in
terms of terrain difficulty, road geometry and drainage facilities,
preferred route as of all the consulted local administrations and road
Users in the project area.

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND CONSTRUCTION STAKING

Generals
Contractor will set up the project concept in line with the review result of the concept design
above, superior plans, relevant plans and on-site survey. The route alignment will be
determined carefully according to the road function, design criteria and other important control
points.

Topographic Survey
Topographical survey data of the corridor for the selected route is required for detail
engineering design and construction. The survey work will be carried out to highest
professional standard in accordance with internationally accepted procedures and standards.
The objective of the topographical survey is to capture terrain data for detailed design and
estimation of quantities for workload and programming, cost control of the Highway.
The surveys for the corridor will be carry out using most up-to-date surveying equipment such
as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Total Stations.
The topographic survey will include
 Establishing a primary network of permanent control points by pairing two inter-visible
monuments along the road. All primary control points established is paired and inter
visible with at least 100m apart from each other’s and located at a maximum spacing of
3Km interval.
 All these secondary control points or BM has been establish on the permanent concrete
posts with an interval of at least 300m (and in interval of less than 300m for those
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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
locations

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
requiring additional control points due to complex terrain type) . In addition, Differential
level methods have been used to fix the elevations for the vertical Control Points.
 Wherever possible, both the primary and secondary points will be tied to at least three
permanent features using distances or a combination of distances and angles. Location
sketches including photographs of the control points will be prepared.
 Determination of coordinates using the Universal Co-ordinate System (UCS) system and
Universal Geodetic System (WGS 84) of the primary control points by static GPS
measurements. Using highly post-processing Trimble business Center Software, the
WGS84 co-ordinates will be transformed into the National Grid, U.T.M. co-ordinates
based on Clark 1880 (Modified) Spheroid - Datum: Adindan Ethiopia (30th Arc).
 Z33wwwThe established Bench Mark points shall be couple and inter visible to each
other at a minimum distance of 250-300m and will be tied with national coordinates
system found within the vicinity of the project area.
 The Bench Mark point observations will be carried out with 4 units of Trimble 5800 GPS-
System Dual-frequency receivers using Static Mode with at least 8 satellites tracking per
site in order to determine 3-D WGS84 co-ordinates. And the baseline measurement
accuracy is 5 mm + 0.5ppm with at least 20 of observation
 And the traverse-line will be tied and adjusted into GPS Points and into the National
Triangulation System in order to determine U.T.M. planes co-ordinates.
 The geometric level-line will be developed along the Control Traverse-line. The elevation
of benchmarks has been obtained by Differential Leveling Method using digital Level,
with a maximum tolerance in cm for single section equal to:
K, where  is the distance in km.
 The random points/detail survey will be surveyed on a square grid not exceeding 25m
spacing with accuracy within less than 5cm, starting from GPS points, traverse points or
additional intermediate stations. Where the land shows marked irregularities of slope, a
close survey grid will be used, i.e. sharp changes in level, water bodies, water channels
etc. Leica TS09 instrument, Leica TS06 instrument and Trimble 5800 L1/L2 GPS-System
receivers RTK with suitable software will use for this purpose.
 The detail survey will includes existing road prism, side drains, cut and fills, paths,
Culverts, buildings and in general, all topographical features that will have an effect on
the future design and construction.
An accurate survey data showing the embankments and bottom levels of nearby and crossing
streams will be needed in order to enable a precise design of culverts and structure outlets for
the drainage system. Streams should be surveyed 50m up and downstream as a minimum and
High Flood level (HFL) data for all the water bodies including rivers, rivulets, ponds etc.
which has impact on the project area will be required.

A recent and broad map showing the area of the project will be necessary in order to assess the
catchment size and geometry to enable an accurate design of the culverts. A scale of 1:50000
shall be sufficient (1:25000 will be appreciated).

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program

In general mapping will be on a scale of 1:2000. During the Total station survey, the various
features will be given separate codes for the subsequent terrain model/base map production,
and all the survey data will be presented on maps to a scale of 1:500.

A digital terrain model will be created for the whole road. The digital terrain model will be
based on all break lines and terrain points. The linear and point data will be imported to the
road design software InRoads, to create a 3D digital terrain model and a base map, which shall
form the basis for the detailed geometric design.

The final format of this will be discussed with the Employer’s Representative. An initial
sample of ground data will be delivered for examination and approval.
During the detailed design stage, if there is any change in the Horizontal alignment with
respect to the conceptual design, additional topographical survey will be conducted along the
revised alignment stretches.
Detailed cadastral survey will be done along with the topographical survey.
A Topographic Survey Report will be prepared and submitted to the Employer’s
Representative. This will essentially include methodology of work for all survey activities,
details of all horizontal control, details of all benchmarks established for the project and
accuracies obtained during these survey activities.

Construction Staking

General
Detailed survey records will be maintained, including a description of the work performed on
each shift, the methods utilized and control points used. The record will be adequate to allow
the survey to be reproduced. This record will include graphic notes depicting control points
used and relationship to other control points or reference points, description” coordinates and
location description.

Construction Stakes, Lines and Grades

Contractor will perform the construction engineering, necessary calculations, staking work,
include;
 Re-establish survey point and centerlines

 Reference control points, when necessary

 Run a leve1circuit to check or re-establish plan benchmarks

 Set stakes for construction limits, right-of-way, drainage items, slopes, pavement structure,
embankment and subgrade controls, bridge control points for vertical and horizontal
alignment of all components, and any other stakes necessary to control lines and grades.
Contractor will furnish all stakes, templates, straightedges, and other devices necessary
to check, mark, and maintain points, lines and grades

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Utilities
Contractor will carry out the necessary investigations to identify the location of all existing
public utilities within the right-of-way and provide accurate records of such to the Employer’s
Representative prior to commencement of the Works.
Contractor will notify the Employer’s Representative, and provide accurate records, of any
public utilities encountered during the execution of the Works. Contractor will take all
necessary steps to prevent damage to and safeguard any such services.
Contractor will co-operate with the public utility authorities in the removal and relocation of
any underground or overhead services or facilities to safeguard and minimize disruption to the
services

GEOMETRIC DESIGN

Introductory Notes on Geometric Design

The overall process of the road alignment (horizontal and vertical) design in different terrain
condition to meet the need of the road users is generally known as geometric design. The main
geometric features are:
 The horizontal alignment;
 Vertical alignment; and
 Road Cross Section

Besides these main features, geometric design involves design of road furniture and safety
enhancing structures and elements
The process of geometric design usually encompasses design considerations resulting
from multi-disciplinary studies which try to define the various contexts of the project road.
Accordingly, geometric design has to be carried out in a context sensitive manner.
In terms of this concept, it is assumed that every project is unique which requires designers to
address the needed roadway improvements while safely integrating the design into the unique
surrounding natural and built environment.
Thus, geometric design must aim at combining various geometric design elements to produce
a sound and harmonious design which
 Provide the most simple geometry attainable, consistent with the physical constraints,
 Provide a design that has a reasonable and consistent margin of safety at the expected
design speeds,
 Provide a facility that is adequate and convenient to all the road users at the expected
traffic conditions,
 Provide a facility that is Stable and Sustainable
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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
 Provide a facility that is in harmony with the community and preserves environmental,
scenic, aesthetic, historic, and built and natural resources of the area.
 Provide a facility that has acceptable economic returns

Geometric design standards often define parameters and limiting values considering the
following three main objectives:-
 it shall ensure safety and comfort of drivers;
 it shall ensure that the road is designed economically; and
 it must ensure uniformity of the alignment

Design Control and Criteria

Road functional classification

Functional classification (the grouping of highways by the character of service they provide)
of roads was developed mainly for transportation planning purposes. ERA’S Design Standard
classifies roads into five (5) categories based on the character of service they provide.
Since the road give access and mobility between Gimbi town, Metu town and Villages along
the roads and also links these locally important centers to each other, to a more important
centre such as Gimbi Town, or to higher class roads such as Addis-Jima-Metu (A5) and
Addis- Nekempt-Asosa (A4) trunk road, the road is classified as Link (Class VI) which can
be designed to design classes ranging from DC3 to DC7 according to ERA Geometric Design
Manual 2013.
And also the Employer requirement section 6.1 describe the project road as follows
“This project road is part of the main link road Gimbi-Guye-Alge-Metu road project”

Design Standards
The project road will be design to DC5 (as per ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design Standard)
standard as modified and indicated in Table 3 of Employer Requirement section 6.4.3 and in
ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design Manual and as shown Below

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Table 2-3: Geometric Design Standard Parameters f or the Project Road

Urban/
Design Element Unit Flat Rolling Mountainous Escarpment
Peri- Urban

Design Speed km/h 85 70 50 25 50

Width of Running Surface m 7.0 7.0+

Width of Shoulders m Table 2.2 and Table 2.5 ERA Geometric Manual 2013

Min. Stopping Sight g=0% m 155 110 65 25 65

Distance
g=5% m 175 120 70 25 70

g=10% m 205 140 75 25 75

Min. Passing Sight Distance m 330 270 180 50 180

% Passing Opportunity % 25 25 15 0 20

Min. Horizontal Curve SE=4% m 350 215 95 20 95

Radius SE=6% 18
m 310 195 85 85

SE=8% m 280 175 80 17 -

Transition Curves Required Yes No No No No

Max. Gradient(Desirable) % 4 6 8 8 7

Max. Gradient (Absolute) % 6 8 10(1) 10(1) 9

Minimum Gradient % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Maximum Super-elevation % 8 8 8 8 4

Min. Crest Vertical Curve K 55 30 17 10 10

Min. Sag Vertical Curve K 18 12 9 7 7

Normal Cross fall % 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Shoulder Cross fall % 4 4 4 4 4

Right of Way m 50 50 50 50 50

Note:

 Index (1) indicate Length not to Exceed 200m and relief gradient required (<6% for a
minimum length of 200m) if maximum gradient (absolute) is used

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program

 The Contractor will adopt slope ratios in cut and fills (Back and Side slopes) in
accordance with ERA’s 2013 Geometric Design Manual unless the Contractor come
up with other proposals supported by adequate engineering analysis and evidence for
the Employer’s Representative review and approval.
 In cuts, a berm having a minimum width of 3m shall be provided when depth of cut
exceeds 7m for soils and decomposed rocks and 10m for weathered and strong rocks
in order to ensure the stability of the slopes. Details of cut benching shall be referred
to Typical Drawings that has been provided in contract document.

Design Vehicles
The design vehicle considered for the project road [according to ERA Geometric design
manual 2013] is DV4 with a dimension of overall length of 15.2 m and a width of 2.6 m.
The major intersection of the project will be design with proper intersection design principles
to allow a smooth entry and exit for DV4 vehicles. All major intersection will be design in
detail and will be included with the design drawings.

Design Speed
For the subject project, the design speed chosen depends on the Design Standard provided in
the employer requirement and varies according to the terrain classification as shown in below
Table 2-4: Design Speed of the project
Land use and Design
Topography Speed(km/h)
Flat 85
Rolling 70
Mountainous 50
Escarpment 25
Urban/Peri-
50
Urban

Terrain Classification
Topography and physical features play an important role in the location and design of a road.
To design a road economically and adequately and to entertain the different factors, the design
elements must be related to topographic features.
Terrain class needs to be established before a road is designed hence it needs to be defined
independently of the alignment that is finally selected for the road. It will be determined by

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
counting the number of 5meter contours crossed by straight line connecting the two ends of
the road section in question according to Ethiopian Roads Authority Geometric Design
Manual, 2013
The detailed topographic survey results also examined in order to classify the road corridor
and accordingly the project road will be classified into sections of varying terrain based on
ERA terrain classification criteria and separate report will be submitted for approval.

Road Widths, Cross Sections

In rural section 7m carriageway width with 0.5 to 1.5m shoulder depending on the terrain
condition will be been used. And the following roadway width will be adopted for each
town/village sections.
Table 2-5: List of town/Village section
Station
Lane width
Town Name

Median (m)

Section
Carriagewa

width
width(m)

Length

used
m)
Parking

width
walk

Typical
Side

Total
(m)
From To
y

Gimbi Town 0+000 4+700 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 4700 Kebele Seat

Chuta Village 4+700 5+420 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 720 Kebele Seat
Gemechis Village 11+760 14+760 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 3000 Kebele Seat
Guyi Town 18+620 26+120 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 7500 Kebele Seat
Chonge Village 33+400 35+680 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 2280 Kebele Seat
NoleKaba Towwn 46+440 49+540 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 3100 Kebele Seat
Kiltu 50+320 51+540 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 1220 Kebele Seat

Alge Jorro
59+000 59+280 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 280 Kebele Seat
Village
Ula Babu 60+800 63+600 3.5 3.5 2.5 2 21 2800 Wereda Seat
Were Dahe 64+260 64+960 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 700 Kebele Seat
Welda Mole 68+720 70+000 3.5 0 2.5 0 12 1280 Kebele Seat

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Note:-
The Gimbi town limit, start and end will be decided in consultation with the town
administration, ERA and Employer representative’s as per the Employer Requirements.
Besides, there will be a probability of typical section change for Gimbi Town at the road
traverse through zone seat.

Side Slopes and Back Slopes

The slopes of fills (embankments) and cuts must be adapted to the soil
properties and depths of the earthwork. Side slopes should be designed to insure
roadway stability and to provide a reasonable opportunity for recovery for an out-
of-control vehicle
Table 6.1 of ERA's Geometric Design Manual-2013 indicates the recommended
side slope and back slope ratios. Hence the design and construction of the project
will use the recommended side slope and back slope according to the height of
fill, depth of cut, and the material type.
Table 2-6: Slope Ratio Table – Vertical to Horizontal
Side Slope(V:H)
Material Height of Slope(m) Cut Fill Back Slope
0.0 - 1.0 1:3 1:3
1.0 - 2.0 1:2 1:2
Earth or Soil Over 2.0 2:3 2:3
0.0 - 2.0 4:5 2:1
Strong Rock Over 2.0 1:1 4:1
0.0 - 2.0 2:3 2:1
Weathered Rock Over 2.0 1:1 3:1
0.0 - 1.0 1:3 1:3
1.0 – 2.0 1:2 1:2 1:2
Decomposed Rock Over 2.0 2:3 2:3
0.0 - 2.0 1:6
Black Cotton Soil
Over 2.0 1:4
(Expansive Clays) (a)

Intersection Design
For all major intersection, the detail design will be prepared and submitted with
the design drawings. And for minor road junction, standard drawing will be
provided in the design drawing album.

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
HIGHWAY SURFACING & GEOTECHNICAL CONSIDERATION

Pavement Design

General
Road pavement type of the project should be decided based on the economical aspect, safety
of pedestrians and motorists, traffic ability durability, construction ability, soil properties,
meteorology, maintenance and other condition factors. It is also required to consider the
pavement type, width, state, maintenance of the surrounding roads to fully satisfy its
functional performance and characteristics

Standards and Design references

Table 2-7: Standards and Design references

Name Date
ERA Pavement Design Manual Volume 1 (Flexible pavement) 2013
ERA Site Investigation Manual 2013
ERA Geotechnical Design Manual 2013
ERA Best Practice Manual for Thin Bituminous Surfacing 2013
ERA Standard Technical Specifications and Method of Measurement
2013
for road works
AASHTO Guide for the design of pavement structures 1993
AASHTO Standard Specification for transportation materials and
methods and sampling and testing, Part II, recent edition

2.7.2.1. Pavement Design Step

Table 2-8: Pavement Design Step

Step Contents
Step 1 Estimating the cumulative traffic loading expected during the design life.
Step 2 Defining the strength of the subgrade (soil) over which the road will be built.
Step 3 Delineating Uniform Pavement sections
Step 4 Defining the nominal operating climate (wet or dry).
Step 5 Determining any practical aspects, which will influence the design selection.
Step 6 Selecting possible pavement structures.

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Pavement investigations
The findings of the detailed site investigations on subgrade and constructions materials shall
be analyzed and used as input for the pavement design. The existing road shall also be
investigated to check whether it can be included in the new pavement structure. The
recommended pavement structures shall take in to account locally available materials that
satisfies the minimum ERA technical Specification requirements. The pavement design will
then be made based on ERA’s 2013 Pavement Design Manual.

Pavement Design

The pavement design will be based on ERA 2013 Design Manual and AASHTO 1993 Design
Guide. Contractor will carry out a comparison between the different design approaches and
make recommendations to employer on the design standard to be adopted for the work. In any
case, the minimum specified thickness will be maintained.

Table 2-9: the minimum Pavement Thickness

Pavement Compositions
GS GC Granular
GB1 Granular
Design Structural Asphalt Granular Capping
Section Road Base
Subgrad Catalogue Surfacing Subbase Layer
(Crushed (CBR > 15%)
e Chart (CBR>30%
Stone)
category )
(Km – Km) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Main Road 0+000-
S3 Chart B1 50 175 225 130
50+150

50+150-70+000 S2 Chart B1 50 175 200 300

Earthwork Designs
In general, slope inclination of embankments and cuttings will be applied from the road design
manual. The slope inclination will be revised where required after analyzing the slope stability
analysis. To maintain the slope stability for a long period of time, a systematic, reasonable and
reliable approach is needed by geotechnical investigation.
The contractor will study the geotechnical characteristics of the project in relation to subgrade
condition, problematic soils, slope stability, foundation of structures and etc. so as to provide
appropriate recommendations based on the ERA 2013 manuals and other relevant references.

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
Geotechnical Designs for Foundations of Structures
Geotechnical investigations shall be carried out for the Foundations of Major drainage
structures (Bridges) and Minor Drainage Culverts (Slab and Box culverts). The findings of the
site investigations shall be analyzed to determine the safe bearing capacity and type of
foundation structures. AASHTO LRFD and ERA 2013 design manuals and other relevant
references shall be used for the analysis of the bearing capacity.

Material Source Investigation

Contractor will locate possible new sources of material within the most economical haul
distance from the project site. The quality and estimated quantity of material is both to be
investigated to determine its suitability for borrow, sub-base, base course, protection works,
and etc.
Contractor will request an approval of local authorities and the relevant environmental
authority for material sources such as sand, stone, and so forth for construction usage.

Table 2-10: Available Construction Material Location

Type Station Description Remark

50+180 LHS, For Concrete / Asphalt/
Hard Rock Sound basaltic rock
1.1km base course
Since volcanic rocks
that are covered by
residual clay soils on
top dominate the
project area, there will
Natural Gravel Under investigation Weathered basaltic rock be a promising
weathered rock to be
exposed and these
weathered rocks will
be used as potential
natural gravel.
Fill / Lower/ Upper
4+020 RHS, 210m A-7-5, clayey soils
Capping
Fill / Lower/ Upper
5+380 RHS,500m A-7-5, clayey soils Capping
9+340 LHS,
50m A-7-6, clayey soils Fill/Embankment
17+040 RHS, 50m A-7-6, clayey soils Fill/Embankment
Fill/ Lower Capping
24+620 RHS,120m A-7-5, clayey soils
Layer
Borrow Fill/ Lower Capping
27+600,RHS,50m A-7-5, clayey soils Layer
Require verification for
36+880 /Jointly A-7-5, clayey soils Fill/Lower capping
layer
Fill / Lower/ Upper
51+000 LHS, 30m A-7-5(4), clayey soils
Capping
Fill / Lower/ Upper
A-2-4(0), silty or clayed gravel Capping
67+080 LHS,30m
and sand
Natural sand
Sand Light brown sand Concrete & masonry
70km from

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
project site with
possible production
of crusher-run sand
from basalt quarry
For Concrete and
18+960 LHS,2.8Km Doche River earthworks
For Concrete and
Water 24+980 RHS,50m Guyi River earthworks
For Concrete and
49+700 RHS & LHS Dildmo River earthworks
For Concrete and
54+940 RHS,7.7Km River earthworks

HYDROLOGICAL STUDY AND HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS/DESIGN

General
The hydrological study and hydraulic design are aimed to determine the design discharge for
given return period as per the road geometric standard and to determine the waterway area of
drainage structures. Special attention will be given to during the detailed design phase of the
drainage structures. A detailed study is required for all catchments areas and stream
characteristics at an early stage of the detailed design phase. Detail assessment will be carried
on the performance of the existing structures to calibrate rainfall-runoff model. The following
hydrological/hydraulic assessment will include but not limited to:
 All available data which are useful for hydrological study and hydraulic design will be
collected and analyzed;
 Study on topographic maps will be conducted: Watershed area delineation &
determination of the catchments area, stream lines length and slopes using available
topographic maps, DEM and satellite images;
o Using global Mapper, the watershed areas will be delineated & all catchment
characteristics of the watershed that crosses the alignment were determined
 The land uses and the soil type of the catchment areas that will be crossed by the
proposed route are determined from digital soil and land use map of the country. In
addition, data will be collected from the site visit as well as satellite image downloaded
from Google earth were used for verification of the land cover
 Soil type and land use/cover of the drainage areas will be analyzed to estimate rainfall-
runoff characteristics of the watershed area such as runoff coefficient or runoff curve
number);
 Field investigation will be conducted to collect data on catchments characteristics,
flow pattern, crossing characteristics at upstream or downstream side and observed
flood marks around the crossing;
 Estimation of design discharge for different return period as per the road standard
using rainfall-runoff model based on sizes of the catchments and availability of data

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
based on the methods specified in the ERADDM-2013
 Design of road drainage facilities for the estimated design flood that safely convey the
runoff from and around the road. The structures are designed for specified return
period as per the road geometric standard. The hydraulic design of the drainage
structures will be carried out using appropriate rainfall-runoff model.
 Sizing of drains and ditches will be checked with hydrological data and calculations
against the sizes that are mentioned in employers requirements

Design flood discharges, based on catchment areas and run-off coefficients/curve numbers as
established above, will be used as input for the drainage structures design.
Detailed surveys shall be carried out at all bridges and minor drainage structure sites, with a
typical band width of 200 – 400m which will extend to about 100 – 200 meters on either side
of the axis of the structure and depending on the nature of the channel 50 – 100 meters on
either side of river or stream. On this basis hydraulic calculations will be made for each
drainage structure to determine high flood level and flow velocity. Furthermore, the general
and local scour depth for the bridge sites will be estimated using appropriate software in order
to determine minimum foundation level with regard to flow and slope protection.

Hydrological Study
The hydrological study will undertake in order to estimate peak discharges for all
watercourses crossing. The estimated peak discharge will be used to determine the hydraulic
opening sizes of the drainage structures that makes well-drained highway corridor and safe the
road from flood damage.
The climate data (rainfall and intensity) and geo-morphological condition of the project area
will be collected. The data will be analysed to determine inputs data for the methods of flood
calculation such as runoff coefficient, curve number, design point rainfall and rainfall intensity
of the project.
The hydrological analysis will be undertaken using available maps (1:50,000), Digital
Elevation Model (DEM extracted from ASTER GDEM v Worldwide Data) and satellite
imagery together with the data acquired from National Meteorological Agency (NMA) and
other different reliable sources. As per the ERADDM-2013, the following rainfall-runoff
model will be adopted
 Rational formula for catchment area less than 0.50km2

 Gumbel (EV-I) or Log Pearson III (EV-III) will be used to determine the design
rainfall of the project area for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years return period

 U.S. Soil Conservation Services (SCS) Unit hydrograph methods for catchment area
size greater than 0.50km2 and less than 65km2

 HEC-HMS and Slope area method will adopted for catchment area greater than 65km2
besides SCS method

Besides, Slope-Area method for crossing with visible high water and catchment area exceeds
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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
65km2 in addition the above methods.
Hydraulic Design of Drainage Structures
The aim of this task is to develop a well-drained road corridor and safe from the flood damage.
Detailed hydraulic computation will be carried out and follow the guidance given in the tender
documents and ERADDM-2013.

Pipe Culvert Hydraulic Design

The ERADDM-2013 stipulates using 1220mm diameter pipes as the minimum size as per the
ERADDM-2013 recommendation, and concrete pipe is preferred and most practiced currently.
The hydraulic design of the pipe culvert will be carried using the design monograph.

Box or Slab Culvert

The hydraulic design for the box or slab culverts will be carried out using HY-8 culvert
analysis software. The culverts will be designed for head water to diameter ratio less than
1.5m.

Bridge Waterway Design

The bridges will be designed hydraulically to accommodate for design discharges without
restricting the flow of the stream or incurring damage either to the structure or the surround
land where required. Besides, the analysis will ensure restricting the flow does not cause
backwater above the limit or scour that may damage the structure-based design limitation
specified in the ERADDM-2013. The hydraulic design will be carried out using HEC-RAS
software.

Longitudinal Drains
The longitudinal will be designed using manning’s equation. Depending on the location
(Urban/Rural), closed or open ditch will be design as per the employer’s requirement. The
longitudinal drainage facilities will be designed/proposed;
 Horizontal drainage ditches at berms (berm drain) and hillside (interceptor drain) and

 Longitudinal drainage ditch for town and rural section

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 Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
DRAINAGE DESIGNS

General
The aim of this task is to develop a well-drained road corridor. All existing data and the result
of the field investigations for soils, foundations, hydrology, etc., will be assessed and used as a
basis for the design of drainage structures. Detailed hydraulic computation will be fully
documented and follow the guidance given in the employer’s requirement.

Existing Culverts
According to the Employer’s requirement, all existing minor and major culverts shall
be demolished and replaced with new culverts.

Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert

The ERA stipulates using 1220mm diameter reinforced concrete pipes as the minimum size as
per the ERA’s 2013 DDM recommendation.
Standard detail of prefabricated reinforced concrete pipes shall be in accordance to
ERA’s 2013 Standard Detail Drawings.
Selection of pipe bedding is made in accordance to ERA’s 2013 standard drawing,
ERA’s Drainage Design Manual and ERA’s Standard Specification requirements.
Accordingly,
 Class “A” bedding type is recommended for culverts located on rock, shale or other
hard material sections,
 Class “B” bedding type is recommended when soft or other objectionable founding
material is encountered,
The standard detail for end walls of pipe culverts are designed to be constructed from Class
“B” cement-mortared stone masonry as per ERA’s Standard detail drawings provisions.
Some modification will be made to the standard provision comply with the actual site
condition and culvert cross sections.

Box or Slab Culvert

Once the choice is made between slab and box culverts based on culvert geotechnical
investigation report, the superstructure of box/slab culverts will be designed for the loadings
specified in ERA Bridge Design Manual, 2013. Substructures of slab culverts are designed to
be Class “B” cement mortared stone masonry walls and wing walls are designed to retain the
roadway embankment. ERA’s Bridge Design Manual 2013 is applied in the design of
substructures. The cross-sectional dimensions of substructures are proportioned and checked
to satisfy the stability criteria against bearing failure, sliding and overturning. Structural
Drawings will be prepared following ERA standard drawing, 2013.
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Surface Drainage Design
The surface drainage network will be designed along with the road. The design elements are
illustrated below

Figure 2-1: Network of Surface

The surface drainage facilities to be designed are;

 Horizontal drainage ditches at berms (berm drain) and hillside (interceptor drain)
 Longitudinal drainage ditch
 Check dam
 Side ditch

BRIDGE DESIGN

General
According to the Hydrology/Hydraulic report, there is 1 bridge within the road sections under
consideration proposed due to re-alignment and hydraulic insufficiency. The schedule of new
bridge including its location, type of superstructure, proposed span arrangement, and others are
as presented in the table below.

Table 3-11: List of Proposed New Bridge

Proposed Span
S/N Arrangement (No. Superstructure
Location [Km] Substructure Type
of span x Clear Type
Span) [m]
Reinforced Concrete Masonry Abutment,
1 49+700 1 X 16
T-Girder Wing wall

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Existing Bridges
Since the Employer’s requirement specified that the existing bridges are below the standard,
they shall be demolished and replaced with new appropriate bridges.

Design of New Bridges

The superstructure of new bridge consist of simply supported single span reinforced concrete
T girder. The span configuration of the new bridge is 1 x 16m for km 49+700 bridge. ERA
Bridge Design Manual – 2013 will be used for the design of superstructure elements.
The substructures are made of masonry construction. Masonry construction is effective in
maximizing the input of local construction materials, local labour and local construction
practices. Class A masonry is proposed for construction of abutments for these bridges. The
final substructure design will be carried out after finalizing the geotechnical investigation
report. ERA Bridge Design Manual – 2013 will be used for the design of substructure
elements.

Bridge Foundations
All new bridge foundations will be designed as described in ERA’s Bridge Design Manual
2013 and/or recent AASHTO Bridge Design Specification as per the allowable bearing
pressure indicated in the geotechnical investigation report.

Expansion Joints
Appropriate expansion joints in bridge superstructures at the joints between intermediate
simply supported spans and at ends of the bridge will be provided as per ERA standard
drawings, 2013.

Reinforced Elastomeric Bearing

Reinforced elastomeric bearings will be provided to separate the superstructure from the sub-
structure to accommodate the direct and rotational restraint. The design of bearings will be
made in accordance with ERA Bridge Design Manual – 2013 to withstand all load
combinations.

ROAD SAFETY DESIGN

Introduction
Safety and economy are the foundations on which competent design rests. Based on these
fact miscellaneous items such as guidepost, reflective traffic signs, Road markings shall be

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used for this project.

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Traffic signs
The following general Traffic signs type shall be used in the project road:
 Regulatory Signs: indicate legal requirements of traffic movement
 Warning Signs: indicate conditions that may be hazardous to highway users
 Informatory Signs: convey information of use to the driver

Traffic signs will be provided, depending on the requirement, as per ERA's Standard
Specification and ERA's Standard Drawings 2013

Road /Pavement markings

Road and pavement parking design and construction will be provided for orderly and
predictable movement of all traffic to ensure the safe and informed operation of the traffic
system.

Marker posts

 Guideposts
Position of guideposts that will be provided in the project
a) At locations where there is change in shoulder width, (guide posts should be placed
at 50m intervals)
b) Embankment sections where fill height is between 3m to 5m.
c) At curves as per Table 14-1,ERA’s Geometric Design Manual 2013 and as shown
below
 Kilometer Posts
Kilometer posts are a requirement for all trunk and link roads and it shall be placed
every 1 km, past the edge of the shoulder.

ROW Marker Posts

The Right-of-Way Marker Posts will install for the particular purpose of marking
the high way Right-Of-Way boundary line. The right of way markers is required to
be set 200 meters apart on either side of the road and shall be visible from each of
the adjacent markers. Terrain characteristics and construction limit may call for
modification of intervals

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Rumble strips
For the project at hand rumble strips will be provided for safety at various places. It
is provided where there are sharp curves, in sections which departs from the
standard, and in populated areas.

Guard Rails
W-beam metal crash beams Guard rail will also be considered in the following
locations.
a) For mountainous and escarpment locations, a side and side facing downhill (Gorges)
b) On approaches to all bridges (all four corners, minimum length = 30*4)
c) On all embankments with fill height greater than 5 meters

STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL

Generals
Contractor will verify compliance with environmental laws and regulations in Ethiopia, and
support technically for Environmental Impact Assessment carried out by the employer.

Environmental impact Assessment review and support plans

Thorough fieldwork
 Identify environmental status in project areas and surrounding area

 Literature review and survey from local officials

Review and consultation of Environmental Impact Assessment

 Comply with Environmental Impact Assessment procedures in Ethiopia

 Review and discuss based on environmental awareness of local residents and

economic condition

Sustainability Considerations
 Review environmental conservation and economic aspects

 Establish well-balanced development plans

Predict impact rationally and establish mitigation measures

 Evaluate quantitatively through scientific prediction analysis

 Encourage active resident-participation to secure objectivity and transparency

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Table 3-2: Environmental impact Assessment Step

Step Contents
• Local pollution investigation
Step 1 : • Measurement and Analysis of environmental status around
Research and Data alternative route in project area
Collection
• Survey from local officials

STEP2 : • Qualitative, quantitative analysis and prediction depending on

Impact Prediction and size and characteristics of pollution
Evaluation • Environmental Impact Assessment for project

STEP3 : • Making lists for proper measures

Establishment and • Efficiency analysis
application of mitigation • Gradual application considering resident opinions and
measures economic effects

• Comparison between actual mitigation measures and

STEP 4 :
application result
Result analysis and
• Comprehensive evaluation of efficiency and stakeholder
Monitoring
satisfaction

Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment review

Table 3-3: Environmental impact Assessment

Methods Contents
• Air: Impact prediction and review of “Dust Scattering” under construction
phase using AERMOD (recommendation of EPA)
• Water: Impact prediction and review of river water quality after soil erosion
Impact – using rational and simple combined system
Prediction • Flora and Fauna : Change prediction of plant standing crop before and after
and Review
construction, calculation of damage rate of plants, review of fauna
• Noise and Vibration : Prediction and review of noise and vibration from
construction equipment under construction phase
-Water : Mitigation measures such as prevention of soil erosion from settling
basin installation in construction, protection of water ecosystem
-Ecosystem : Making tree lawns for damaged trees, utilization of landscaping
Establishment
trees
of Mitigation
-Waste : Regulations on pollution-causing actions such as waste dumping
Measures
around river, disposal of waste oil
-Others : Proposal of mitigation measures for noise, vibration and landscape in
local areas in Ethiopia

4- Subsurface Geotechnical Foundation Investigation

Detailed subsurface geotechnical foundation investigation will be carry out to determine the load
bearing capacity of the material and appropriate selection of types and depth of foundation by
providing all necessary equipment, Labor and materials. The main objectives of investigation will
be:
 Assessment of general and site geology of the bridge crossing.

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 To Provide reliable geotechnical data for all aspects of an economic, Safe and reliable
design for the bridge foundation.
 To recommend the appropriate type and depth of foundations.
 To evaluate the effect of the chemical constitutes of the soil and ground water on the
durability of the foundation work.
 To assess the problems and constraints associated with the construction of the works
arising from the soil and ground water conditions, including temporary works,
excavations and drainage.
 To apply professional and technical procedures practiced in the field to accomplish the works.
In general, terms, the investigation is intended to be carried out by the combination of the following
methods.
Rotary Core drilling

Insitu testing (SPT) and sampling

Ground water level measurements and monitoring, and

Laboratory testing on disturbed, undisturbed and Rock samples

5- Retaining Wall

Retaining walls are required for high fill and/or cut sections where the slope stake does not
intersect the natural ground. In such cases, retaining wall with masonry, reinforced concrete or
gabion will be constructed depending on the height and actual site condition. Masonry
retaining wall is feasible for wall height up to 9m.
Retaining walls are designed to provide adequate structural capacity with acceptable
movements, adequate foundation bearing capacity with acceptable settlements and acceptable
overall stability of slopes adjacent to walls.
Standard retaining wall is adopted from ERA Standard drawing 2013 and this will be revised
depending the actual site condition and foundation investigation findings.

Schedule of retaining wall is included in the book of drawings and the structural design
competition will be provided with structural reports.

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Part 2
Construction Method Statement

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1. General:

Project Introduction:

To address the development constraints caused by poor road conditions and limited access,
as well as the importance of road transport in supporting social and economic growth and
achieving poverty reduction goals, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia attaches
greater importance to improving the quality and scale of road infrastructure.
The Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project is located in the southwestern direction of
Ethiopia, Oromia Region; Western Welega Zone. The project starts in Gimbi, and ends at an
approximate length of 70Km. The whole line passes through Gimbi, Chuta, Guyi Abo,
Guye, Chonge, Nolekaba, Kiltu Tobe, Algejorro, Ullababu, Were Dahe and Welda Mole.
The total length of the urban section is 30.58 km (the width of the subgrade in the urban
section varies from 18 m to 24.5 m).
The total construction period of the project is 36 months, with a total cost of Birr
1,835,358,164.34 and the capital source is the government of the Federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia.
There are a lot of perennial and seasonal rivers and streams draining through the project area.
It intercepts many small to large size drainage channels that are required to be provided with
pipe, box, slab or bridge culverts to allow easy and safe flow of runoff water or floodwater
across the road.

Table 1-1:- Project control point

station Start coordinate End coordinate

No.
from to Easting Northing Easting Northing
1 0+000 14+760 811449 1014575 809888 1001887
2 19+140 35+680 811356 998307 811136 987256
3 46+440 63+600 807660 979737 797556 971220
4 64+260 70+000 796998 970891 792476 968252

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Main Quantity of Construction Works

Table 1-2:- Main Quantity

Item Description Unit Quantity

Traffic Management Km 70.00
Clearing & grubbing Ha 211.757
Removal of unsuitable material m3 251,172.51
Road bed Preparation m2 1,060,652
Cut and borrow to fill m3 589,121.18
Common (normal) excavation to spoil m3 2,400,124.23
1220mm diameter reinforced concrete pipe m 2,460
Culverts No. 32
Longitudinal drain m 40,600
Bridge m 1
Improved Sub-grade (Capping layer) m3 29,456.06
Gravel sub-base layer m3 212,831.40
Base layer, crushed stone m3 144,921.00

MC-3000,Cutback Bitumen m2 95,340.00

50mm Asphaltic surfacing with penetration grade 80/100 bitumen m2 828,120.00

Type 1 Concrete Curbing m 99,352.00

Type 2 Concrete Curbing m 38,676.00

Paint, White line Km 163.16

Paint, Yellow unbroken line Km 175.16

 Estimated Quantities are generated based on the route selection and draft alignment
and it will be revise after project design approval.

Basic Contract Details

Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority

Contractor: DIRIBA DEFERSHA CONSTRUCTION PLC.

Engineer: SG Consulting Engineers PLC.

Date for the Singing of The Agreement: 6thApril, 2021
Commencement Date: 8th May, 2021

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Contract Price: 1,835,358,164.34 ETB (Including 15%VAT)

Quality guarantee: 10% of the Contract Price

Time for Completion: 48 months

Defects Liability Period: 365 Days

Minimum Amount of Interim Payment Certificate: 5,000,000 Birr

Maximum Amount of Advance payment: 20% of Contract Price

Start Repayment of Advance: Payment including Price Adjustment reaches 30% Contract

Price Monthly Recovery of Advance: 40% of Monthly Interim Payment Certificates

Length of Project: 70.00 Km

Retention Money: 5% of monthly Interim Payment Certificates

Amount of Liquidated Damages ：0.1% of The Final Contract Price per Day (or
0.1% of The VALUE of the Remaining
Works per Day) up to a Maximum of 10% of
The Final Contract Price (or 10% of The
VALUE of The Remaining Works)

Line graph of Camp and Sources

The proposed Line graph for crusher and accommodation camp, see in: Appendix 1.
Engineer Camp, see in: Appendix 2 crusher area layout.

2. Site Layout and Temporary Works

Camp Establishment
Two camps are established in accordance to the current site status. One crusher camp are
erected at Km 50+180 LHS. The main camp is constructed around Km 50+000 on the right
side of the Line. In addition to this, the Engineers office, accommodation and laboratory
constructed across the Contractor`s camp, Km50+000 RHS. The necessary drainage are
excavated for the surface water flowing.
For the facilitation of management, duty-shift house, spare parts store, fuel tank, cement store,
mechanic workshop, steel workshop and carpentry workshop are built within rational
distance of main camp. Also, considering abating the noises from construction activities, the
captioned stores and workshops have be built rational distance away from the community.

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All raw materials will be stored and placed as per the precaution rules.
No more camp shall be built for other minor construction site. Renting houses or building
temporary camp will be considered in accordance with site program.

Water Source
As per the site investigation, water sources for the construction activities could be obtained
from the river at km 18+960, 24+980, 49+700, 54+940 supply for construction, which meet
the requirements of construction activities. The potable water and daily life usage water should
be obtained from water wells and local tap water supply system.

Power Supply
The power is fully supplied along the project alignment. The Contractor has negotiated with
the local electricity supply authority to install and fix the special supply system (with
the transformer) for the camps and crusher site. However, considering the regular power
black- out in the area, the Contractor plans to install several generators as backup in order to
promise the normal site activities in case of power failure, especially in the rainy season.

Telecommunications
Mobile phone network covers most of the site. However, for smooth project communication
and avoid delay as result of frequent network failure in the project area, Radio communication
will be installed and commissioned as soon as possible time.

Transport
A number of pick-up vehicles shall be used as daily transport on account of the site situation.
Meanwhile, haul trucks will be used to transport steel, cement, bitumen and other main
materials. Dumping trucks can also be alternative if necessary. Tractors will be used to move
machinery. Fuel tanker will be used to deliver fuel and supply the machinery.

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3. Possession of Site Sources

Borrow Pit
There are abundant sources of earth and stone works on site. According to the field
investigation, sampling and analysis of material engineer, the potential earthwork sources of
subbase are Km 7+760LHS, Km 9+340LHS, Km 38+840 LHS,Km
42+000LHS,42+500RHS,Km 44+260 RHS,Km 54+940RHS and Km 66+000RHS. Necessary
tests shall be carried out to further clarify the nature of the material so that borrow pits may be
selected. If the test results are in accordance with the specification, a site procedure shall be
initiated. However, if natural subbase material is not fulfilling the project requirement we will
use crushed subbase.
After the completion of the project, the vegetation in the borrow area shall be restored to meet
the requirements of water and soil conservation and reduce water and soil loss.
In the borrow pit, the topsoil shall be removed and piled up in a centralized way before
excavation. The topsoil shall be used for land covering and re cultivation or vegetation
restoration. After the borrow pit is completed, the slope shall be renovated and the original
topsoil shall be filled back and leveled. In this way, there will be a soil layer in the borrow pit.
In addition, the rainwater collected from the slope will produce an effect. After the borrow pit
is completed, the topsoil shall be piled up in a centralized way and stored well The side slope
shall be renovated, drainage system shall be established, grass seed spraying, turf planting or
tree planting shall be adopted to restore the vegetation, greening and beautifying the
environment of the borrow area; in the process of restoration, the opinions and guidance of the
owner's representative and local relevant departments shall be actively listened to, and the
original appearance shall be maintained as much as possible, so as to achieve the effect of
water and soil conservation and greening environment.

Water for Construction

Water sources for the construction activities could be obtained from the rivers at km 18+960,
24+980, 49+700, 54+940 which meet the requirements of construction activities. The water
trucks will be used for loading and distributing water on site activity.

Sand sources
According to the site investigation, there is a potential sand source at Gefere which is 3km
far from Gimbi and for permanent work we will use crushed sand.

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Rocks
According to the field investigation of material engineer and the drilling test, Km 50+180 LHS
is finally determined as the quarry field. After test and inspection, the reserves and quality of
the area are analyzed to meet the construction requirements.

Recovery plan of quarry

(1) Slope cutting and dangerous discharge
The main problem of the project is mainly excavation slope for open-pit quarry. Most of the
excavated slopes are stone. The slope is relatively stable. Only slope cleaning is needed to
remove the unsafe rock and loose stones will be used on the slope.
(2) Site leveling
The site leveling includes mining platform, concave land (groove), mining pit, low soil ridge,
soil pile, convex land and gentle slope belt. The slope of these areas is not large, the surface is
un weathered rock or dense weathered material and a small amount of waste residue, but the
soil and organic matter are lack, the water conservation capacity is poor, the soil and water
loss exists to a certain extent, and the vegetation is difficult to recover naturally. The site needs
to be leveled according to the reasonable site elevation, with the main measures as follows:

① Clean up the scattered stones on the surface of mining platform and gentle slope;

② Convex ground, low soil bank and soil pile are pushed flat;

③ Pit (groove) and pit backfilling.

(3) Interception and drainage ditch works
It is mainly arranged around the recovery area of the gravel field. The intercepting and
drainage ditches are all made of soil. According to the comprehensive consideration of rainfall
intensity, runoff and catchment area in the quarry area, the section size of the intercepting and
drainage ditch is 1.0m wide at the top, 0.8m wide at the bottom and 0.6m deep.
(4) Overburden
The earth covering project is the whole site leveling area. Because the soil layer is completely
damaged, in order to provide good soil conditions for plant growth, it is necessary to carry out
comprehensive earth covering. The source of earth covering is mining waste soil and outward
soil transportation, and the thickness of earth covering is < 60cm.

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Fuel and Cement
After market investigation, fuel, steel and cement currently can be purchased from local
market to meet with the construction requirement. The overseas market could be reserved as
alternative if the local market has the supply problem.

Steel and Bitumen

The steel/bitumen can be either imported or purchased locally. For the detail monthly material
requirement see the construction material requirement schedule in work programmed material
requirement. Appendix 3

4. Organization Organ of Construction Management

A project management department will be necessarily established to manage the employees,
materials, machinery and equipment, to implement the construction program and to settle
all payment. The project management department consists of head office, management and
operation.

Command
The command team consists of project manager, site deputy manager and chief engineer. To
honor the contract agreement, they are responsible for the safety, quality and duration during
the construction. The management team and operation team are under the leadership of the
command team.
Management
The management team consists of six departments:
1) Technical department: Water sewerage engineer, structure engineer, survey engineer, civil
engineer, pavement engineer, concrete structure engineer and other technical staff will be
employed to make the construction program, survey, hand-over and solve technical issues,
assist consulting engineers' check-up, measure and settle the payment, etc.
2) Material and equipment department: The materials, machinery and equipment manager will
be employed to manage the purchasing and supplying all materials. He will be also responsible
for the operation and maintenance of all machinery and equipment.
3) Laboratory: The material engineer and the quality manager employed to conduct all the
tests and quality control, etc.
4) Safety, Quality and Environment Department: This department will make strict rules,
implement all measures, checkup and supervise frequently.

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5) Financial Department: This department will manage all financial work, verify all expenses
and conduct cost budget, plan, review, analysis, control and feedback.
6) Service Department: This department will be responsible for living and medical care.

Operation
Six operation teams will be set up. The first and second team will be in charge of earthwork
and rock works. The third team will be in charge of culverts. The fourth will be in charge of
base course and pavement. The fifth team will be in charge of auxiliary works. The sixth team
will be in charge of crushed stone production. All operation teams work independently as well
as teamwork. Professionals must be available in each team.

For Organization Organ of Construction Management chart, Please see as below:

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Mobilization Priority
The Contractor’s staff has been mobilized to the site in four phases.
The first group: May, 2021, the 4 management staff including the project deputy manager had
been mobilized to site, and they have started the works for the land selection of the Contractor
and Engineer's camp, quarry, explosive storage, borrow pit, and spoil area and the
preparation of the living facilities.
The second group: After the Engineer issuing the commencement order more technicians and
site teams have also been mobilized to the site. They started to build the camp and quarry as
per the Engineer's request, and procure the borrow pit and construction material.
Transportation vehicles purchasing will be completed, and the accountant agency, the law
agency and custom agency would be contacted. And at site, the surveyor will resurvey the
road and culvert cross section and prepare the design.
The third group: More site staff have been mobilized to precede the construction following the
starting of construction work.
Depending on the progress of the construction, the fourth group may be sent to the site.
As much as possible, local employs will be engaged.

5. Main Machinery/Equipment and Man power and Contractor

mobilization plan
Mobilization
Up to the date of 29th October 2021, we have mobilized plants and equipment's (1 dozer, 6
excavators, 2 Loader, 7 dump truck, 1 water truck, 1 grader, 1 Steel Roller, 1 Wage drill, 1
Crane, 1 Fuel truck, 1 Water truck, two 50KW generator , one 20KW generator ,one 10KW
generator, 600KW generator, 200 KW generator). We will mobilize more equipment's in
accordance with the Equipment mobilization schedule set in Appendix 4.
Engineer`s Equipment
 Type B Vehicles: As of September 2021, 5 temporary vehicles and 4 permanent vehicles
have been provided.
 Test Equipment: The test equipment's will be provided on October 2021.
 Surveying Instrument: The surveying equipment will be provided on October 2020.

Main Machinery
The sufficient construction machinery could guarantee the progress of the project. For the
detail see the monthly equipment requirement schedule with their periods of Input:
Man power
The Schedule of Site Staff will be mobilized as indicated in 4.4 above. For the detail see the
Schedule of Site Staff with Their Periods of Input: Appendix 5
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Contractor mobilization plan and site construction
This section covers all works and resources involved in the establishment of contractor's and
employer's representative's camps, mobilization and installation of equipment on site.

Mobilization and site camp construction

We have established construction camp on the land approved by the owner's representative
after the commencement of the project, including accommodation, canteen, office, activity
room, warehouse, equipment and material storage place, etc. The Contractor's camp and the
employer's representative's office and residential buildings are located in a place with suitable
environment and for water is being transported from Gimbi town we already discuss with
NoleKaba town administration about pipe line from NoleKaba to Camp it will be installed as
soon as possible.
After receiving the notice to proceed issued by the employer's representative, the contractor
has started to mobilize manpower, equipment and materials.
The design team led by highway engineer (including design facilities) has entered the site.
Now, the design has carried out field survey for the whole line. While the design team carries
out the design work, the construction team led by the project manager, including the required
manpower, equipment and materials, has gradually entered the site in accordance with the
work plan submitted by the contractor.
According to the contract, the project is planned to be completed and delivered for use on May
7, 2023.
Right of way and setting out plan
In order to execute Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project , the land acquisition,
demolition and resettlement work shall be carried out in advance in an all-round way. This
work plan is under listed
1- Demolition plan
According to the project construction plan, the total work of the project construction plan is
divided into Fourth parts. The first part is Gimbi Wereda and km 0+000-5+420, the second
part is km 5+420-26+120 Guye Wereda ,The third part is Km 26+120-51+540 NoleKaba
Wereda , and the last part is km 51+540 – km 70+000 Ula Babu Wereda .
According to the actual situation of urban and rural areas, resettlement and relocation shall be
carried out in advance and feasible construction plan and construction time shall be formulated
to ensure that the construction progress will not be affected.

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2- Working principles
（1） We should remove houses according to law, adhere to the law, strictly implement
relevant laws, legal concepts and policies, actively promote the work of removing certificates,
and fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the state, the media and individuals.
（2） Harmonious demolition, fully listen to the basic requirements of the relocated
households for the demolition and resettlement work, listen to the opinions and suggestions of
demolition and recovery, and effectively solve the actual difficulties of demolition and
relocation.
3- Setting out plan
After the land right is granted, the detailed survey and setting out will be carried out here, and
the detailed survey will be carried out for the demolition area to determine the boundary of the
route. The main methods are as follows:
（1） The compilation of the current topographic map provides the basis for the work. Before the
demolition, according to the requirements of the line planning, a more detailed topographic map of the
land to be demolished is prepared. Clearly divide the scope of demolition. It is divided into different
colors.
（2） the scope line of demolition shall be demarcated in two ways at the same time.
 RTK real-time lofting. In the open place without building shelter, input the data designed in advance
into the manual, conduct real-time setting out in the field, set out the boundary points of the route and
the area of the demolition land required.
 In densely populated areas, it is impossible to accurately measure the area. Steel tape is used to
measure and calculate the area of demolition land.
Take photos of the land to be demolished and save the image data

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6. General Construction Progress and Cash Flow

General Construction Progress

The project shall be constructed by sections. The Contractor shall deploy sufficient manpower,
machinery and funds to guarantee the progress of the works.
After the site inspection, all the GPS and Benchmarks along the project alignment are
available have been established.
The traverse points have been checked after the Engineers' surveyor arrived at site. The site
Clearance shall be commenced after the detailed setting out completed.
For the work load distribution, determination of available working days for work program,
please see: Appendix 5.

Cash Flow Chart

For the detail see the Cash Flow Estimated Summary, please see: Appendix 7.

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7. Construction Method
This method statement explains a general description or arrangements and methods proposed
to adopt for the execution of Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project in line with the
Design drawings & specifications which are already prepared as discussed above.

The method statement for the construction works has been prepared taking in to account the
Employer’s Requirement and gives due regard to all site conditions, workmanship and
material requirement as set out in ERA Standard Specification/Employer’s Requirement and
the time allotted for the construction works including contractor’s mobilization.
During construction it is common that there are changes to works due to different condition
such as the actual site condition, Employer’s Representatives order to change the work and
hence this method statement is liable to be revised and amended accordingly from time to time
basically at the completion of the design of the project.
Resources procurement, Transportation & Installation
Resources required for performing the construction works will be hired/purchased from the
local market and/or abroad. Moreover, sufficient number of plants and equipment will be
delivered and kept at site throughout the construction period.
Equipment will be mobilized with due care to the safety measures. They will be kept at sites,
maintained and regularly serviced and inspected to ensure maximum efficiency performance.
A workshop with dedicated personnel will be available at site to provide regular services and
repair support. Sufficient number of consumables including fuels, Lubricants, and spare
parts… etc. will be stored at site and fuel supply facilities (fuel tankers) and dispenser will be
provided throughout the project duration.
Plants for crushed stones and asphalt mixes will be mobilized. They will be assembled and
installed at site according to the instructions of the manufactures and to the satisfaction of the
Employer’s Representative. The location of installation will be selected in such a manner as to
achieve optimum positions to minimize the hauling distances and to facilitate the accessibility
of the plants. Due concern will be paid to provide suitable working spaces of equipment and
appropriate scope for materials stock in the vicinity of the plants.
Setting out of work and Protection of survey Monuments
Before commencement of the work in any section, the existence of original reference survey
monuments, GPS and bench marks, will be checked regarding position and levels.
The re-surveying work includes traverse survey, re-established beacons and differential (level)
survey based on the acceptable method to be approved by the Engineer.

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The survey report will be submitted with a computerized format including a digital ground
model. During construction special care will be taken for the survey monuments not to
damage, disturb or displace from its original position.
The contractor’s survey monument will be the same quality and durability as the existing
monument. On completion of the sub-grade and gravel wearing course, we will reestablish
stake line pegs at 20m intervals to determine accurately the edges of the base, surfacing and
other road elements.
The survey section will consist of following survey instruments and staff:
• Total station
• Level
• Chief surveyors
• Land Surveyors
• Assistant Surveyors
After checking of survey monuments regarding position and level, the following
surveying Activities will be carried out jointly with the supervisor staff.
 Setting out center line of the road
 Reading cross-section and structural topography of the original ground and provide to the
engineering office to prepare template and structural shop drawings and any other respective
data for the approval of the Engineer.
 Setting out clearing limit and structural lay out.
 Level controlling during construction.
Site Clearance
Description
This work consists of the removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials including top soil,
trees, stumps except those that are designated to remain or to be removed in accordance with
other items of the Specifications and where directed by the engineer.
Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
(1) Clearing and Grubbing
In the area(s) to be cleared and grubbed all stumps and all roots larger than 50mm in diameter
shall be removed to a depth of not less than 600mm below the subgrade level and where the
existing ground has to be compacted all stumps and roots including matted roots shall be
removed to a depth of not less than 300mm below the cleared original ground surface, except
where otherwise specified or instructed by the Employer’s Representative.
(2) Topsoil
After clearing and grubbing of the natural ground surface within the width of the road prism,
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The Engineer shall indicate the depth to which the topsoil is to be removed; whether it is for
Reuse or spoil; and the location of stockpiles, spoil areas or placement. The depth of removal
of topsoil will be either zero or an average depth between 150mm and 400mm.
Construction Method
(1) Work Procedure
①Ground survey
②Site clearing and grubbing
③Removal of bad/top soil
④Disposal and dumping
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1. Site clearing, grubbing and top soil stripping
• Clearing and grubbing all surface objects, trees, fallen timber, rotten wood, stumps, roots,
snags, brush, other vegetation, rubbish, and other protruding obstructions.
• Cleaning unsuitable material in all pits, channels and ditches.
• Filling with suitable compacted material in all voids left after clearing and
grub. Step 2. Disposal of Cleared Material
• Loading of unsuitable material and transportation
• Disposing of cleared material to approved area
The resources assigned for this construction activity will be the followings:
i) Equipment and machinery
•Bulldozer
•Wheel loader of 3m3 bucket capacity
• Dump Trucks of 15 m3 capacity
• Service vehicle 6 seat
ii) Manpower
• Earthwork foreman
•Dozer operator
• Ass. Dozer operator
iii) Materials
•Hammers, pegs, paint, 50m measuring tape etc. as required
 Please refer to the detail work schedule and crew formation for further information.

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Drainage
Description
This work covers the construction of in-situ and prefabricated drainage culverts for new and
together with inlet and outlet structures, and other appurtenant structures at the locations and
to the dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
For new pipe culvert locations crossing the project road, the Contractor shall generally use
According Employer’s Requirement recommendation the minimum size is 1220 mm.
In addition, in case of site restrictions, if there is a serious flood plain / seasonal swamp in the
flat terrain section of the road project, the Contractor shall provide a prefabricated pipe culvert
with a minimum diameter of 1.22m and a maximum spacing shall be less than 300m and
determined as per the site condition to avoid any undesired environmental and social impact.
The Maximum spacing, in any case, shall be as per Employer’s Representative determination
and subsequent Employer approval.
Construction method for Concrete Pipe
Demolition of old circular pipe culvert
The mortar masonry of the octagonal wall of the circular pipe culvert shall be removed
manually and mechanically. First, the larger stone body shall be broken by impact drill until it
can be handled manually, and then transported by truck to the place designated by the
supervisor for stacking. The complete stone can be reused after being approved by the
supervisor. The stone surface shall be free of dirt, rust and other impurities. The color of the
stone used for the outer surface must be uniform.
The prefabricated concrete pipe culvert shall be removed by crane, chipped manually or
mechanically. In case of any accident during the construction, it shall be reported to the
supervisor for study before continuing the construction.
Chisel out the waste slag and remove it to the site designated by the owner.
The Contractor shall arrange full-time safety officer to make records at any time during the
construction process of chiseling concrete structure works, including chiseling quantities, etc.,
and report to the supervisor in time after chiseling.
For areas where large machinery cannot be constructed, pneumatic picks shall be used, and
excavators shall be used to dismantle other areas from top to bottom, and dump trucks shall be
used to transport waste materials to the waste area designated by the supervisor.
During the transportation of waste slag, environmental protection work shall be done well,
and sprinkler shall be prepared to keep the transportation road wet and avoid slag leakage and
dust.

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(1) Work Procedure

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Prefabrication of concrete pipe
Excavation and Installation of bedding
Installation of concrete pipe
④Backfilling with suitable material
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Prefabrication of concrete pipe
· Casting Pipes by forced vibration technology.
· Marking on outside surface the following parameters:
- Type of pipe and inner diameter
- Date of casting
- Name or label of casting workshop
- Number of lot of product
- Test results of product
- Transporting by wooden cargo truck with bracing system installed to fix pipes during
Transport
Step 2: Excavation and Installation of bedding
· Leveling the existing ground by excavating, filling and compacting
· Installation of a bedding cradle of compacted selected granular material with a maximum
stone size of 30 mm.
· Forming joint holes in the bedding cradle for pipe sockets and
couplings Step 3: Installation of concrete pipe
· Laying Concrete pipe culverts and drains shall be laid on bedding true to line and level
· Sealing the joint on the outside with two layers of bitumen impregnated hessian
Step 4: Backfilling with suitable material
· Backfilling alongside and over all pipes compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm after
Compaction
Average expected daily production of pipe culvert According to the expected quantity of pipe
culverts, the project plans to customize 10 casing culvert formworks, and it is expected to
produce 10 pipe culverts every day.
Mechanical personnel combination Concrete Mixer (750 lit) 1 ， Concrete Vibrator 48'' Pipe
Moulds 10， Water Tanker (10000 lit) 1.Mason 1，Bar bender 1，Barbender Helper 1，Data
collector 1，Un-skilled laborer 20.
Materials for pipe culvert construction:Cement, sand, gravel, steel bar.

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Quality test method of pipe culvert:
When pouring concrete for pipe culvert, test block shall be made and stored in standard curing
room for testing when the curing time reaches. Slump test shall be carried out during concrete
pouring.
Testing facilities
Pressure testing machine, Slump bucket and steel ruler
Figure 2:- Construction sequence of Concrete Pipe

Step 1. Prefabrication of concrete pipe Step 2. Excavation and Installation of bedding

Step 3. Installation of concrete pipe Step 4. Backfilling with suitable material

Key points of quality control

1. The excavation line of foundation trench shall be measured according to the position of each
pipeline in the design drawing, and the excavation depth shall be controlled in the excavation
process; the top elevation and axis position of each pipeline shall be strictly controlled in the
construction process.

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2. The pipeline backfilling must ensure the safety of the pipeline itself. Both sides of the
pipeline and within 50cm above the pipe top shall be tamped. When backfilling, both sides of
the pipeline shall be carried out symmetrically, with the height difference not more than 30cm,
and the pipeline shall not be displaced or damaged.
3. The pipeline backfilling must meet the requirements of the construction technical
specifications. The light and heavy compaction tests of the backfill shall be carried out
according to the specified frequency to obtain the optimum moisture content and the
maximum dry density of the backfill. There shall be no ponding or silt in the trench, and no
bricks, concrete blocks, tree roots, garbage or humus in the filler.
Construction method for stone pitching and masonry
(1) Work Procedure
①Excavation and Preparation of Bedding
②Preparation of stone
③Placing stone lining
④Finish
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Excavation
· Excavation required to construct V-shaped channels with side
Step 2: Preparing stone
· Cleaning the stones of all defects that may impair the bond with the mortar.
· Wet the stones long enough for the stones to absorb water to near saturation.
Step 3: Placing stone lining
· Remove and dispose of all excavation material.
· Placing a bedding of fresh mortar on the prepared formation.
· Placing the stones firmly against each other to provide the required paving thickness
measured perpendicular to the slope.
· Placing additional mortar to completely fill all spaces between the stones.
· Flushing the surface of the mortar
Step 4: Finishing
· Covering the base of the foundation with mortar.
· Placing the stones in the unset mortar.
· Adding mortar to the top of the cut-off until he obtains a screened level top surface.
· Backfilling around the finished and cured mortared.
The resources assign for this construction activity will be the followings:

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i. Equipment and machinery
• Bulldozer
•Wheel Excavator
• Crawler Excavator
•Dump Trucks of 15 m3 capacity
• Water Trucks of 12000 L capacity
• Vibrator 32”
• Small Vibrator rollers
• Wheel loader
• Water pump of capacity 1200lt/min
• Concrete Mixer 700lit
• Bar Bending Machine
• Service vehicle 6 seat
• Isuzu Cargo
ii. Manpower
• Structure foreman
• Surveyor
• Dozer operator
• Excavator Operator
• Loader Operator
• Truck Drivers
• Roller Operator
• Trucks mechanic
• Machine Mechanic
• Service vehicle driver
• Mixer operator
• Mason
• Carpenter
• Bar Bender
• Unskilled labors
iii: Construction materials
• Stone
• cement

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Test method for stone pitching
Test mortar strength, plane position, section size and flatness
Testing facilities
Mortar strength tester, GPS, Steel rule, 3 meters ruler
Key points of quality control
1. Leveling: the same layer shall be roughly laid flat.
2. The stone must be placed stably with the big side facing down, and be shaken or knocked
properly to make it stable.
3. It is strictly forbidden to contact the stones directly, and the mortar shall be full and dense.

Earthworks
Description
This method statement covers the requirements for all earthworks including the preparation of
formation level. This method statement is to be adopted during the earthwork activities for
excavation, transportation and embankment.
Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
(1) Dimensions
The dimensions of all earthworks shall be in accordance with the cross-sections and details
shown in the Contract and further amended during the course of construction as instructed by
the Engineer.
During excavation, the Contractor shall limit vertical and other temporary faces to such
heights as are suitable, related to the nature of the exposed soil.
Slopes in cuttings shall be finished in accordance with drawings and instructions by engineer.
(2) Equipment
Equipment used for the preparation of the roadbed; sub-grade in cuts and on level ground; and/or
capping/selected layers shall be suitable for use on the surface to be prepared.
The equipment shall not be less than that designated for that purpose in the Contractor’s
program and plant list approved by the Engineer.
Equipment used for the excavation of cuttings shall be suitable for the type of material to be
excavated.
(3) Materials
All material excavated from the road prism shall, insofar as is practical and in line with the
requirements of Specifications, be used for the construction of embankment fills, pavement
layers and for such other purposes as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall not dispose of any excavated material without the approval of the

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Engineer. Excavated material, which is unsuitable for use in any part of the Works, or surplus
to requirements, shall be disposed of as specification or instruction of engineer.
Borrow material shall be located and excavated for use by the Contractor. Borrow material
shall comply with the requirements of the Specifications related to the intended use of the
material. The Contractor shall conduct his operations in any approved pit or borrow area or
portions thereof to produce acceptable material.
Borrow areas shall be continuously protected against the ingress of surface water and the
Contractor shall construct such temporary banks as may be required to divert surface water.
Materials used for the construction of embankments shall be obtained from cuttings, trenches
or foundations within the limit of the Works; or from borrow areas identified by the Contractor
and approved by the Engineer.
The material shall be well graded with a maximum particle size of less than 150 mm after
breakdown with a grid roller so that it can be readily placed within a 200 mm layer.
(4) Construction requirement
Prior to the construction of roadway embankments, all necessary clearing and grubbing,
removal of topsoil and surface drainage in the area will have been performed in compliance
with the relevant specifications and to the satisfaction of the engineer.
Embankment construction will consist of:
• Constructing roadway embankments, including preparation of the area upon which they are
to be placed.
• Placing and compaction of approved material within roadway areas where unsuitable
material has been removed. When the existing stratum is not suitable, excavate and replace the
unsuitable part with materials meeting the requirements of the contract and specifications
according to the requirements of the typical cross section of the contract. Before replacing the
materials, write a letter to the owner's representative, and the owner's representative agrees to
backfill.
• Placing and compaction of the embankment material in holes, pits and other
Depressions within the roadway area and
• Constructing the temporary drainage system which maintains the site as dry
as possible discharging by the natural gradient during construction.
Materials for embankments will contain no muck, peat, sod, roots or other deleterious matter.
Rocks, broken concrete or other solid, bulky materials will not be placed in embankment areas
where piling is to be placed or driven.
Where indicated on the Drawings the slopes of the embankment will be constructed using

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cohesive material.

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The existing foundation in front of the embankment, the existing horizontal foundation, or
before the construction of pavement layer, the ground at the bottom of cutting shall have
certain strength.
Any materials exposed in the preparation of the roadbed that are considered to be unsuitable
by the Engineer shall be removed to such widths and depths as ordered by the Engineer and
disposed of as directed. The volume of material removed shall be backfilled with approved
imported material compacted to the required density and level.
Earthworks shall be protected from the weather at all times. The compacted layers of fill and
the bottom of excavations shall be adequately drained and shaped to prevent free water
standing on or scouring the completed layer(s) or the in-situ material.
The Contractor shall exercise proper care when excavating material not to loosen, where this
can be avoided, any material outside the specified cutting line, whether by ripping, blasting or
other means, thereby endangering the stability of the slopes and any adjacent property or
personnel; or subsequently causing undue erosion or disintegration of the batters.
Care shall also be exercised not to undercut any slopes, and proper control shall, at all times,
be exercised by regular survey checking and the use of batter boards at close intervals.
Where the batters are nevertheless undercut, backfilling and compacting with imported
material will not normally be considered as a suitable remedy, and the Engineer may order
additional, more appropriate remedial measures to be carried out.
Prior to the start of construction, the Contractor shall obtain instructions from the Engineer
regarding the required slope of each fill; any roadbed preparation or subsoil drainage required;
detail of earthworks at interchanges and intersections; the selection of materials; the method
and classification of compaction; and any other matter that may affect the construction of the
fill or sequence of operations.
On approval by the Engineer, material may be compacted in layer thicknesses in excess of
200mm or the maximum fragment size provided that the Engineer is satisfied that the material
will be properly compacted to the specified density.
The slopes shall be trimmed by hand or by approved mechanical means to remove loose
material and to provide uniform slopes as described in the Drawings or as instructed by the
Engineer.
Such trimming shall be completed prior to construction of the pavement and shall be finished
to a uniform appearance.

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Construction method for Preparation and Compaction of road bed
(1) Work Procedure
①Inspection of clearing and grubbing
②Grading a ground
③Compaction and shaping
④Survey of foundation layer level
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Inspection of clearing and grubbing
· Check the site clearance and grubbing
· Survey the station and level
Step 2: Grading a ground
· Grade the soil in accordance with relevant approved drawings
· Remove unsuitable material and backfill suitable material
· Import suitable material to fill hole and excess depth
Step 3: Compaction and shaping
· Compact and shape the foundation layer in accordance with specification
Step 4: Survey of ground level
· Survey and map a level of the foundation layer
Construction method for Excavation and Embankment
(1) Work Procedure
①Setting out the work, Staking and Surveying
②Cut and Fill according to drawings
③Soil Transportation from cuttings and borrow pit Repeated process
④Spreading and leveling soil
⑤Compaction of soil
⑥Test for compaction
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Setting out the work, staking and surveying
· Install and protect all existing land survey monuments and property markers
· Establish cross section markers at required intervals
· Control it’s surveying tolerance as indicated in the Technical Specification
Step 2: Cut and fill according to drawings
· Cut and fill the existed soil

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· Check the level and height (if necessary, re-construct the work again)
Step 3: Soil Transportation from cuttings and borrow pit
· Construct and maintain the Access road for borrow pit
· Install and maintain a temporary traffic sign
· Excavate and put in suitable materials to dump truck in borrow pit
· Transport suitable materials and dump it in embankment site
Step 4: Spreading and leveling soil
· Install the level marker every instructed distance in construction site
· Spread suitable material in appropriate thickness by Grader and Backhoe
Step 5: Compaction of soil
· Compact the layer and shape the surface by vibration roller and water truck
Step 6: Test for compaction
· Carry out density tests on compacted material in accordance with specification
· Carry out standard penetration testing accordance with specification
The resources assigned for Embankment Construction, Preparation of Road Bed and
Protection construction activity will be the followings: -
i) Equipment and machinery
•Chain Excavator
•Bulldozer
•Motor Grader
•Vibratory rollers 16ton
•Sheep foot Roller
•Wheel loader of 3m3 bucket capacity
•Dump Trucks of 15 m3 capacity
•Water Trucks of 18000 lit capacity
•Service vehicle 6 seat
ii) Manpower
•Earthwork foreman
•Surveyor
• Level men
•Dozer operator
•Excavator operator
•Trucks operator
•Mechanic

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•Service vehicle driver
•Unskilled labors
Test method
Test the compactness with sand pouring method and the subgrade deflection with Beckmann
beam.
Testing instrument
Sand filling cylinder, metal calibration tank, base plate, sand measuring, sand container
(available barrel), electronic scale (weighing 10kg), hammer, chisel, scoop for earth
excavation (spoon or spoon), alcohol or electric oven Beckman beam, dial indicator 、 10T
standard axle load bzz-100 car.
Key points of subgrade compaction quality control
1. Before construction, the professional engineer shall disclose the construction methods and
quality measures of each process, especially the key process, to the technical director and
operators of the operation team, clarify the key points of quality control, and strictly control
them during construction.
2. The subgrade rolling shall be carried out in layers. The Engineer shall be informed to
witness before the subgrade material is paved and rolled. After the rolling, the Engineer shall
be invited for acceptance. After the acceptance, the next layer of construction shall be carried
out.
3. After the subgrade material is paved, it shall be carefully checked whether there are tree
roots, shrubs, turf, garbage, etc. in the material, if any, it shall be removed in time. If there are
super- size stones (the diameter of stones is greater than 2 / 3 of the compacted thickness), they
shall be removed or broken.
4. The paving thickness of materials shall be controlled, and the person in charge of the
operation team shall check the paving thickness at any time to ensure that the paving thickness
meets the requirements. The material paving shall be directed by a specially assigned person,
and the material shall be unloaded and paved longitudinally along the subgrade.
When each layer is compacted, it shall be leveled continuously to ensure its flatness and make
the whole depth of the layer uniformly compacted.
5. Ensure the rolling times. The person in charge of the operation team shall record the rolling
times to ensure that the rolling times meet the requirements.
Capping Layer
As shown on the drawings or as directed by the engineer, the overburden or selected layer
shall be constructed on soft or poor subgrade with material complying with Clause 4402

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of era

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standard technical specification (2014) in case of excavation or filling, but its minimum CBR
shall not be less than 15%.
The material used for the cladding shall be from borrow areas or cut sections that meet the
requirements of the specification. It will be compacted by the use of a specially designed
compaction device which will exert a uniform compaction force over the entire width of the
machine as described above for the construction of the sub base. The material will be
deposited on the compacted underlying surface and spread evenly over the entire designated
area of the relevant layer, in such a way that the thickness of any layer measured after
compaction meets the specified requirements.
Test method
Test the compactness with sand pouring method and the subgrade deflection with Beckmann
beam
Testing instrument
Sand filling cylinder, metal calibration tank, base plate, sand measuring, sand container
(available barrel), electronic scale (weighing 10kg), hammer, chisel, scoop for earth
excavation (spoon or spoon), alcohol or electric oven, Beckman beam, dial indicator 、 10T
standard axle load bzz-100 car
Key points of quality control
1. Rolling in strict accordance with the best moisture content
2. Strictly control rolling times
3. Construction in strict accordance with the thickness requirements of drawings and
specifications
4. Strictly control the quality of filling materials, which must be approved by the supervising
engineer before use.
Sub-base
Description
The purpose of this method of statement is to provide an outline of Execution Plan for sub-
base layer construction composed of obtaining materials, excavation, transportation, spreading
and compaction.
Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
(1) Material
The sub-base material shall meet the grading requirements. Good grading and smooth
continuous grading shall be carried out within the limits shown.
(2) Construction Requirements

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Sub-base material shall be spread on the approved sub-grade by mechanical means without
segregation. The material shall be loosely spread in layers to give a compacted thickness not
exceeding 225 mm and not less than 200mm. The final compacted layer shall be free from
concentrations of coarse or fine materials.
Prior to the commencement of normal working the Contractor shall construct a trial area of not less
than 1000 square meters using the materials and equipment proposed for the work to demonstrate
compliance with the requirements of this Clause.
The surface of each completed layer shall be moistened prior to the construction of the
succeeding layer. The optimum moisture content shall be determined according to AASHTOT
180 method D. The aggregate shall be mixed and the moisture content adjusted to obtain a
uniform mixture with moisture content within 2 per cent of the optimum moisture content. The
mixture shall be spread and shaped on the prepared surface in a uniform layer.
The material shall be compacted by the use of approved rollers progressing gradually from the
outside towards the center of the layer, except on super-elevated curves, where the rolling shall
begin at the low side and progress to the high side. Each layer shall be compacted full width.
Each succeeding pass shall overlap the previous pass by at least one third of the roller width.
Rolling shall continue until the entire thickness of each layer is thoroughly and uniformly
compacted to a minimum 95 or 97 per cent of the modified AASHTO maximum density as
required on the Drawings; or as instructed by the Engineer.
The in-place density and moisture content shall be determined by the sand replacement
method as specified in AASHTO T 191 or any other method approved by the Engineer and
calibrated with the sand replacement method.

The average width of the sub-base shall not be less than the specified width and nowhere shall
the outer edge of the sub-base be more than 75 mm inside the lines shown on the Drawings.

Construction method for Sub-base

(1) Work Procedure
①Setting out the work, Staking and Surveying
②Fill materials Transportation from borrow pit
③Spreading and leveling repeated process
④Compaction of fill materials
⑤Test for compaction
(2) Construction Sequence of Sub-base
Step 1: Setting out the work, Staking and Surveying

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· Install and protect all existing land survey monuments and property markers
· Establish cross section markers at required intervals
· Control it’s surveying tolerance as indicated in the Technical Specification
Step 2: Fill materials Transportation from borrow pit
· Construct and maintain the Access road for borrow pit
· Install and maintain a temporary traffic sign
· Excavate and put in suitable materials to dump truck in quarry
· Transport suitable materials and dump it in embankment site
Step 3: Spreading and leveling
· Install the level marker every instructed distance in construction site
· Spread suitable material in appropriate thickness by Grader and
Backhoe Step 4: Level and Offset check
· Check the compacted layer at the center and at different offsets
Step 5: Compaction of fill materials
· Compact the layer and shape the surface by vibration roller and water truck
· Carry out standard penetration testing accordance with specification
Step 6: Test for compaction
· Carry out density tests on compacted material in accordance with specification
· Carry out standard penetration testing accordance with specification
The resources assigned for this construction activity will be the following: -
i. Equipment to be deployed
•Motor Grader
• Water Trucks
• Loader
•Dump trucks
•Vibratory rollers
•Water pump
ii. Manpower
• Finishing Foreman
•Earthwork foreman
•Grader operator
•Roller Operator
•Trucks operator
•Mechanic

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•Service vehicle driver
•Unskilled labors
iii. Material
• Subbase material (CBR>30%)
The materials can be used only when the material source is found near the subgrade and
approved by the material engineer and the test results meet the requirements of the
specification. Test method:
Use level to measure elevation, 3 meter ruler to check flatness, coring machine to check
thickness and compactness, steel ruler to check width
Testing facilities
Level、3M ruler, steel ruler, coring machine
Key points of quality control
1. Unqualified materials are not allowed to enter the site. Specifically, the laboratory shall
carry out spot check on the materials on site. When there is a large difference between the
materials on site and the trial materials, they shall not be used.
2. Rolling in strict accordance with the best moisture content
3. Strictly control rolling times

Road-bases
Description
The purpose of this method of statement is to provide an outline of Execution Plan for road-
base layer construction composed of obtaining materials, excavation, transportation, spreading
and compaction.
Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
(1) Dimensions
The road base layer shall be constructed to the dimensions and cross-sectional profiles shown
on the Drawings.
(2) Equipment
The material shall be laid by a self-propelled paving machine, as described in the Contract and
shall be capable of producing a mixture of laid material complying with the requirements of
this Specification.
The equipment used shall be of adequate capacity, in good working order, and subject to the
approval of the Engineer.
Obsolete or worn out equipment will not be permitted on the Site.

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For material laid by a paving machine, the mixing plant shall be either a batch or a continuous
type, as approved by the Engineer, and shall be equipped with satisfactory means of accurately
controlling the proportions of all constituent materials.
The crushing and screening plant shall be capable of crushing and screening the aggregates, to
be used for crushed stone base material, into at least four different sized fractions.
Compaction shall be carried out using self-propelled 8 – 10 tons deadweight smooth wheeled
rollers having a width of roll not less than 450mm; or by multi-wheeled pneumatic tired rollers
of equivalent mass; or by vibratory rollers of equivalent compaction performance; or by a
combination of these.
Major Equipment required for the crushed sub-base course laying operation:
•Dump Trucks
•Paving Machine
•Water Trucks
•Steel wheeled rollers
Other Equipment to be utilized for the crushed sub-base course production and laying
operation include wheel Loaders, the Crusher Plants with their auxiliary equipment such as
crawler drills, blasting equipment, crawler excavators for feeding the crusher plants,
compressors, tipper trucks and wheel loaders/bulldozers to stockpile finished crushed sub-base
course, etc.
These operations being monitored by Pavement/Materials Engineer will constitute the
following crew:
•Crusher plant Supervisors, Foremen and operators
•Crushed sub-base course laying Foremen / Supervisors
•Machine Operators
•Heavy duty Truck Driver
• Level Man, Flag Man, Load Counter, labors
In addition to the above Key Personnel, Gang Leaders, Plant Mechanics, Security & Traffic
Controllers, and Laboratory Personnel, Surveying Crew, Time keepers/Checkers and other
labor will be engaged as required.
Please refer the details of man power on the schedule of man power requirement.
(3) Materials
Road base material shall be obtained from sources located by the Contractor and approved by
the Engineer.
Graded crushed stone (GB1) (as defined in the prevailing ERA Flexible Pavement Design

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Manual) shall be produced by crushing fresh, quarried rock and may be an all-in product,
usually

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termed a 'crusher-run', or alternatively the material may be separated by screening and
recombining to produce a desired particle size distribution, as per the specifications. The
material shall be clean and free from organic matter, lumps of clay or other deleterious
substances. The material shall be of such a nature that it can be readily transported, spread and
compacted without segregation.
(4) Construction requirement of Road Base
Before any crushed-stone layer is constructed, the following requirements shall be met:
• Approval of crushed stone base material shall be granted only after the successful
construction of a trial section or sections complying in all respects with the specifications,
including density and grading.
• No base material, except for the trial sections, shall be placed on the road unless the engineer
has approved the crushed stone base material in writing.
• A trial section shall be constructed from material of proposed source (before 5 000 m³ has
been produced), to prove the quality and compatibility of the material and to agree to a target
grading for future construction lots where essentially the same material is used and it is
processed essentially in the same manner.
• The trial section shall be constructed on a layer of the specified sub-base standard and shall
be placed as instructed by the Engineer with due regard to the approved construction program.
• The trial section shall be between 150 m and 200 m in length, or as otherwise ordered by the
Engineer. The width shall be as ordered by the Engineer, whilst the thickness shall be the same
as the base thickness specified for the pavement structure.
• The trial section shall be adequately assessed by the Engineer prior to proceeding with the
next trial section where so ordered, in order to rectify identified shortcomings.
• If a trial section fails, it shall be removed as excess/unsuitable material, unless it is
structurally acceptable to the Engineer to be retained as sub-base.
• Where further trial sections are required for approval, the failed sections shall be removed
before further trial sections may be constructed. Only trial sections in which the base material
complies with all the requirements of the specifications shall be paid for.
• The crushing of aggregate for the base from any source, or the stockpiling of crushed stone
in stockpiles, shall be restricted to 5 000 m³ until the material has been approved by the
Engineer.
• Material shall be furnished only from sources approved by the Engineer, who may cancel his
approval should in his opinion, the particular source, have become unsuitable. Approval of the
crushed-stone material for the base will not relieve the contractor of his responsibility to

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produce a finished crushed stone base constructed according to the specifications

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• Shoulders shall be included in the trial sections and constructed in accordance with the
Drawings or as instructed by the Engineer
• No crushed-stone layer shall be rolled if the underlying layer, either on account of rain or by
any other cause, is so wet as to constitute a danger of the underlying layers being damaged.
(5) Placing and Compaction
The surface on which the crushed stone base is to be laid shall be free from loose or
deleterious material.
• The mixed material shall be transported at the required moisture content and in such a way,
that no segregation occurs.
• The rate of travel of the paver and its method of operation shall be adjusted to produce an
even and uniform flow of material across the full laying width free from dragging and without
segregation.
Using the paving machine, the material shall be spread in layers not exceeding 200 mm and
not less than 100 mm compacted thickness.
The material shall be compacted by the use of approved rollers progressing gradually from the
outside towards the center of the layer, except on super elevated curves, where the rolling shall
begin at the low side and progress to the high side. Each succeeding pass shall overlap the
previous pass by at least one third of the roller width. Rolling shall continue until the entire
thickness of each layer is thoroughly and uniformly compacted to the specified density.
Any area, which is inaccessible to rolling equipment, shall be compacted by means of
mechanical tampers or other equipment approved by the Engineer.
Upon completion of compaction, the surface of the completed layer shall be tightly bound,
free from movement under the compaction plant, and free from lamination, ridges, cracks or
loose or segregated material.
Construction method for Road-base
(1) Work Procedure
①Setting out the work, Staking and
②Fill materials Transportation from quarry
③Spreading and leveling repeated process
④Compaction of fill materials
⑤Test for compaction
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Setting out the work, Staking and Surveying
· Install and protect all existing land survey monuments and property markers

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· Establish cross section markers at required intervals
· Control it is surveying tolerance as indicated in the Technical Specification
Step 2: Fill materials Transportation from quarry
· Construct and maintain the Access road for quarry
· Install and maintain a temporary traffic sign
· Excavate and put in suitable materials to dump truck in quarry
· Transport suitable materials and dump it in embankment site
Step 3: Spreading and leveling
· Install the level marker every instructed distance in construction site
· Spread suitable material in appropriate thickness with Paving
Machine Step 4: Compaction of fill materials
· Compact the layer and shape the surface by vibration roller and water truck
· Carry out standard penetration testing accordance with specification
Step 5: Test for compaction
· Carry out density tests on compacted material in accordance with specification
· Carry out standard penetration testing accordance with specification
Test method
Water content, mixing uniformity and compactness
Testing facilities
Nuclear density gauge, coring machine
Key points of quality control
1. All raw materials entering the construction site must be carefully inspected, sampled and
inspected by quality inspectors and testers, and the quality of raw materials shall be evaluated.
Unqualified materials shall be firmly rejected and reported to the technical director of the
project management department of the construction site for filing. All kinds of matching ratios
and data in the construction must conform to the specifications and be approved by the
supervising engineer before proceeding.
2. The on-site technical personnel shall control and inspect the construction project in strict
accordance with the drawings, specifications and supervision procedures.
3. Before the construction of each process, the technical disclosure shall be done well, and
during the construction process, the technical personnel shall always be on site, and the
problems found shall be handled or reported in time, and the construction shall be organized in
close accordance with the requirements of the technicians and supervisors.

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Bituminous Surfacing
Prime Coat
(1) Description
Prime coat will consist of supplying and applying emulsified or cut back asphalt to previously
prepared absorbent surfaces such as sub-grade, granular sub-base or aggregate base course;
prior to placing subsequent bituminous layers. Prime Coat will be applied to the full width and
in the locations indicated on the Drawings. Where indicated in this Specification the use of
cover aggregate may be required.
Tack coat will consist of furnishing and applying emulsified or cut back asphalt to a
previously placed asphaltic base or binder course and concrete bridge decks, approach slabs
and other concrete surfaces to receive asphaltic concrete wearing course.
(2) Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
A) Material
Prime Coat
• The priming material will be one of the following as specified or as directed by the Engineer:
• MC 30 cutback bitumen complying with AASHTO M 82 or SANS 4001-BT2;
• Invert bitumen emulsion complying with SANS 4001-BT5 (previously SABS 1260). Invert
emulsion is distinct from normal bitumen-dispersed-in-water emulsion in that the water is
dispersed in the binder phase. These types of emulsions are manufactured with cutback
bitumen and shall have water contents of less than 20%.
B) Application
Prime Coat
The application rates selected shall render a net residual binder of 0.35 kg/m². This equates to
a spray rate of 0.7 l/m² for MC 30 and 0.95 l/m² for inverted bitumen emulsion. The following
adjustments to the net residual binder shall be made on approval by the Engineer:
• If the base is coarse or open textured, increase the application rate by a maximum of 20%;
• If the base is dense and fine decrease the application rate by a maximum of 20%.
Priming material + Equipment
•MC-30 cut-back
•Binder distributor
•Water Trucks
•Rotary broom
• Hand brooms

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Surface Seals
(1) Description
The work of Bituminous Road Base and Surface Courses consists of the supply, spreading and
compaction of hot asphalt mixtures produced in a central mixing plant capable of providing
dense durable binder and surface courses.
(2) Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
Materials
Bituminous Binders
Bitumen shall meet the requirements of a PG 76-22 as defined in the Asphalt Institute’s
Performance Graded Asphalt Binder Specification and Testing, Super pave Series No. 1(SP-
1)’ with the following modifications/clarifications.
The type and grade of bituminous binder to be used shall be that specified under the
appropriate Division and Clauses of these Specifications for each type of bituminous surface
treatment, or in the Particular Specifications, or as ordered by the Engineer.
Duplicate delivery slips shall accompany each load of bituminous material and shall contain
the name of the producer and the supplier, the type and grade of material, the loading
temperature of the material, and the lot number and date of approval of the material from
which delivery is made. When considered necessary by the Engineer and at his sole discretion,
a time limit may be imposed between the date of approval and the date of delivery, or between
the date of approval and the date of use in the Works.
The Contractor shall provide to the Engineer certificates issued by all suppliers of bituminous
binders to the effect that the binders delivered to the Site comply with the test requirements
specified herein.
The Engineer shall have the authority to order the Contractor to have the bituminous binders
tested by an approved laboratory for compliance with all or any of the requirements specified
and the results of such tests shall be submitted directly by the testing laboratory to the
Engineer with copies if requested to the Contractor.
The selection of bituminous binders is dictated by several factors. These include the material
that has to be bound together; prevailing environmental conditions of climate and traffic both
in service and during construction; geographic location; topography; traffic loading; costs and
budgets; specified construction methods; and various other specific requirements imposed by
the Employer. Each project is unique and requires extensive experience in the selection of a
suitable bituminous binder specified in the relevant clauses of these specifications.

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Aggregates
All aggregate fractions shall be crushed rock from an approved source. Sources containing
boulders and/or gravel shall not be accepted. The aggregate shall be clean, hard, durable and
sound. It shall be of consistent quality and shall be free from decomposed rock, shale, organic
matter and other deleterious substances. Natural sand shall not be permitted for use in the
production of asphalt. Coarse aggregate is defined as material retained on the 4.75mm sieve
and fine aggregate is defined as material passing the 4.75mm sieve.
Construction Method of Bituminous surfacing
During the construction of asphalt pavement and road shoulder, the test section shall be made
first. Through the construction of the test section, check whether the construction organization
is scientific, whether the construction mix proportion is reasonable, whether the staffing meets
the requirements, whether the loose paving coefficient needs to be modified, and determine the
best mechanical combination and rolling times. Strictly organize mixing, transportation,
rolling and other processes, and try to shorten the time from mixing to rolling.
(1) Work Procedure
①Setting out the work, Staking and Surveying
②Spraying of Prime coat
③Spreading of surfacing course
④Compaction of surfacing course
(2) Construction Sequence Prime Coat
Step 1: Setting out the work, Staking and Surveying
· Install and protect all existing land survey monuments and property markers
· Establish cross section markers at required intervals
· Control it’s surveying tolerance as indicated in the Technical Specification
Step 2: Spraying of Prime coat
· Spray prime coat on the surface of completed base by bitumen distributor
· Maintain the coated surface to be clean until next construction stage
Step 3: Spreading of Surfacing course
· Deliver the asphalt concrete to the site from A/P Plant
· Spread asphalt concrete in appropriate thickness by asphalt finisher
Step 4: Compaction of surfacing course
· Compact the layer and shape the surface by vibration roller
· Compact the layer and shape the surface by tire roller
· Compact the layer and shape the surface by macadam roller

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For a given prime, the drying time will depend on the porosity of the base and the prevailing
weather conditions. The prime shall be allowed to dry to the satisfaction of the Engineer
before opening to traffic or proceeding with the construction of the next layer.
Equipment and material to be deployed for each procedure
• Loader
•Dump trucks
•Asphalt distributor
•Asphalt Heater
•Chip spreader
• Rotary broom
•Drag broom
•Hand brooms
• Rakes
•Rollers (tandem and pneumatic rollers)
•Bitumen MC-3000
i. Manpower
•Crusher Foreman
• Finishing Foreman
•Roller Operator
•Trucks operator
•Daily Laborer
Test method
The thickness of the pavement shall be detected by coring, the flatness of the pavement shall
be detected by a 3M straight edge, and the compactness of the pavement shall be detected by a
nuclear densitometer
Testing instrument
Corer, nuclear densitometer, 3M ruler
Key points of quality control
1. Construction in strict accordance with construction mix proportion.
2. The construction shall be carried out according to the mechanical combination, loose paving
coefficient and personnel allocation determined in the test section.
3. Strictly control the materials entering the site and use them after the approval of the
supervisor.

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Bridge
Introduction
The number of the proposed bridge of the project is 1, and as per the the geological and
hydrological condition of the bridge location, different construction methodologies will be
applied.
If the rivers are seasonal streams, the construction works of bridge can be conducted during
the dry season, and the general bridge construction methodology will be applicable.
Construction Sequence
According to the contractor`s observation of the site conditions, the construction sequence
being as follows:
1. Construct detour or temporary bridge
2. Surveying and setting out
3. Excavate for foundations of abutments/piers
4. Plate concrete/Reinforcement concrete foundation construction
5. Substructure abutments/piers masonry construction
6. Backfill behind abutments/piers to natural ground level
7. Cast-in-situ abutments/piers cap/back-wall concrete
8. Install bridge bearing and use suitable crane for launching girder beam
9. Construction of the beam and deck
10. Backfill to pavement level in layers
11. Install expansion joints
12. Carry out slope protection works

Construction Method

Surveying and setting out

1) Survey work and setting out will be performed according to the designs before
commencement of foundations excavation work in order to mark exactly center, width, length
and invert level of abutment, the contractor shall require the checking and approval of the
engineer.
2) The existing ground level shall be checked with water leveling equipment and recorded.
It shall be used for calculation of the depth of excavation of foundations.
3) The center line control pegs and the level control pegs shall be set and protected well.

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Excavation of Abutments

1) The contractor shall carry out water drainage work, and site clearance work, excavating the
soil to design level.
2) Once approval has been obtained from engineer, excavation work will start by using
excavator and dump trucks. The excavated materials wi1l be transported to the dump area that
is defined by the engineer and/or the local authority.
3) Depth of excavation and slope would be properly controlled during excavation to avoid
over excavation.
4) The more width of excavation will be requirement the specification or engineer`s the order
on both sides of the abutments/piers for giving enough working space.
5) One water pump will be stand-by for dehydrating during the construction of excavation if it
is flooded.

Construction of Abutments

The construction Sequence of abutments/piers shall be as follows:

1) Making foundation pit clean.
2) Placing blinding concrete.
3) Installing formwork and reinforcement of abutment/pier foundation.
4) Concrete placing of abutment/pier foundation.
5) Installation of scaffoldings for the abutment/pier body.
6) Setting out abutment/pier masonry points.
7) Masonry work construct...
8) Removing of scaffoldings.
9) Backfilling and clearing.

Abutment Construction

1) The manufacturing of Abutment/Pier cap formwork shall be carefully designed based on the
construction drawing.
2) Survey and set out the center line of the top of the pier, which shall be checked and
approved by the engineer. Then the next process shall be started.
3) Binding reinforcement bars: the reinforcement bar binding shall be performed based on the
specification and design requirement.

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4) Installation of Support. The grounded full framing scaffolding is generally adopted for the
formwork support of the Abutment/Pier cap construction.
5) Installation of formwork: the side formwork shall be made with integral steel plate, the
formwork shall be kept vertically during the installation, and the measures for preventing
grout leakage shall be adopted at the corners.
6) Concrete placing: the requirements are similar with that of the cast-in-situ beam, but it
requires special observations that when the concrete is cast, the deformation situation of the
formwork shall be surveyed in order to eliminate the construction hidden dangers.
7) Formwork removal and curing: when the concrete placing is completed, prior to the initial
set, the secondary grout treatment shall be performed to prevent the capping beam from
causing the contraction crack. After the initial set, perform the curing with curing agent
immediately. According to the engineer`s order or require of the specification to dismantle the
formwork and the scaffold.

Install Bridge Bearings

1) The materials, types, dimensions and storage of bridge bearings shall meet the requirements
of the Project's Specifications and shall get approval by the engineer.
2) Setting out the centerline of bridge on abutment.
3) Setting out the transverse axes of the bearings on the abutment.
4) The bearings will have been clearly marked with their longitudinal and transverse axes.
5) All bearings shall be set horizontal in both directions and shall be positioned so that the
inscribed longitudinal axis is parallel to the structure axis at the point of support.
6) Install bearings.
7) Bearings shall be positioned meet the requirements of the Specifications.

Construction of the beam and deck

General plan:
Because the span is small, steel pipe support will be cast-in-situ.
1) Cast-in-situ scheme
Firstly, under bridge treatment will be made to let it meet the designed loading requirement.
Then according to the calculating data finalize the distance between the steel pipes. Connect
the steel pipes in lateral direction. Lay steel formwork on them and start concrete pouring.
2) The binding of the steel bar

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Gimbi-Guye-Alga Design and Build Road Project Master work Program
The steel bar will be banded on site, and the concrete bearing piece can be used during the
binding to keep the steel bar protecting layer within the proper thickness.
3) The formwork construction
Combined steel formwork will be taken in to use and will be strengthened with pulling bar and
mandrill to make sure that the formwork will not move during the concrete pouring procedure.
After the formwork is planed smooth by the polishing machine, it shall be applied with long-
acting releasing agent in advance so that can make it shining when the concrete formwork
being removed.
4) The concrete pouring
500 electronic automatic control mixer will be used to mix together and 8 m³--capacity truck
will be used to transport the concrete. Vibrating stick will be used to do the shape pouring.
During the whole procedure, the pouring shall not stop and make it into the shape in one time
so that can ensure the quality of the concrete.
5) Maintenance
After pouring, it will be covered with grass and watering work will be done by special person.

Backfill to Pavement Level in Layers

1) Backfill to pavement level shall be in layers. The Contractor shall backfill and compact the
selected material around as specified herein conforming to the requirements of the
specification.
2) The select material will be placed while at optimum moisture content simultaneously and
with layers not exceeding 15cm after compaction.
3) Backfilling shall be lowest damage risk of Bridge.

Construction of Guardrails and Handrails, and expansion joints

1) Guardrails and handrails shall be installed complying with the requirements of Project's
Specifications and shall get approval of the Employer’s Representative.
2) b. Install cellular polystyrene sheeting in the place of expansion joints and get approval of
the Employer's Representative.

Slope Protection Work

The sequence of construction for Stone Masonry with cement mortar for the toe and the slope
protection is as follows:
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1) Toe of the slope protection:

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① Define location of the toe of the slope protection.
② Excavate foundation hole of the toe of the slope protection. After that, shape the
embankment slope manually.
③ Choose stone material in accordance with the standard.
④ Build stone masonry with cement mortar for the toe of slope protection
2) Slope protection
① Shape the remaining embankment slope manually.
② Choose stone material the quality of which is in accordance with the required standard.
③ Build stone masonry with cement mortar for the slope.
④ Cure the mortared stone for 7 days after completion.
⑤ the contractor will also fulfill in accordance with the specifications other requirements for
building stone masonry for the toe and the slope protection.
Material:
① the stone shall be sound, have sufficient strength, have no seams and is of good quality with
resistant to weathering. The quality of stone shall be approved by the engineer prior to use
unless the strength is already specified on the drawings.
② Mortar, concrete, permeable backfill, etc. are in accordance with the requirements of the
specifications.
③ for other materials, the contractor has provided descriptions in the relevant sections.
The main equipment to be used in this program comprise: excavator, loader, dump trucks,
mixer, crane, vibrator, etc.
Concrete production
The concrete shall be mixed according to the mix proportion approved by the supervision
engineer, and the drum mixer shall be used for mixing on site. When pouring concrete for
bridge, slump test and test block shall be made on site.
Test method
Before concrete construction, all kinds of raw materials shall be sent to the unit with
corresponding qualification for inspection, and they can be used for construction and
production only after passing the inspection and being approved by the supervising engineer.
After concrete production, slump test shall be carried out, and test blocks shall be made on site
until corresponding time to measure the compressive strength of concrete by press.

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Testing facilities
Slump bucket, steel ruler, Concrete press
Key points of quality control
1. Construction in strict accordance with drawings
2. The concrete shall be constructed in strict accordance with the laboratory mix proportion
3. Mortar rubble must be full and dense
4. When pouring concrete, it must be vibrated and compacted

Ancillary Works
Description
This method of statement is to provide an outline of execution plan for ancillary works such as
erection of kilometer post, guardrails, traffic signs, road marking.
Reference Employer’s Requirement and Specification
(1) Kilometer Posts
Material
Flexible units shall be made of fiberglass reinforced, thermosetting, high polymer resin; an
extruded polycarbonate resin; or other materials which are resistant to ultraviolet and infrared
radiation; and which meet the following minimum physical and performance requirements.
Ground Mounted
Ground mounted flexible units shall have a minimum width of 75 mm and a minimum
thickness of 3 mm. The length of each unit shall be variable such that the top of the reflective
area is positioned 1200 mm above the near roadway edge.
Composition
For ground mounted flexible units, the portion of the unit above ground shall be one
component; or shall be bonded together if it consists of two or more components. The shape of
the ground mounted unit shall be conducive to protection of the applied retro-reflective
sheeting from abrasion.
The base and panel for beam guide-rail or concrete barrier kerb flexible units shall be designed
to withstand repeated impacts, after which, the panel returns to its functioning position (90º
from the plane of the roadway surface).
Color
Flexible units shall be white or opaque in color.
Impact Resistance
Flexible units shall be self-erecting to within 10º of original upright position within 15 minutes
of impact on five separate occasions by a vehicle traveling at 90 km/hr. Tests shall be
conducted at 0º, 22º, and 45º variance of the long cross-sectional axis of the unit to the
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perpendicular of

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vehicle direction. The same unit(s) shall be used for all angle impact tests; total impacts per
unit equaling 15. The re-erected unit shall retain the original cross-section, show no evidence
of shedding or splintering, and shall retain 80% of its original retro-reflective sheeting.
Heat Resistance
A unit shall be conditioned in an oven for two (2) hours at 60 ± 2ºC. After removal from the
oven, the unit shall be bent backwards at 90º from the upright, simulating a field hit. The unit
shall, without
Construction Requirements
The concrete kilometer posts shall be manufactured including the black and white color
painting or shall be painted immediately after placing. The application of the paint shall
comply with the ‘Requirements for Application of Visibility Paintings’ specified in the section
‘Visibility Painting’ above.
Posts shall be erected after completion of the bituminous surfacing of the Project Road. The
posts shall be placed vertical and their orientation shall be perpendicular to the road center line
and/or as instructed by the Employer’s Representative to provide the most effective display.
Kilometer posts shall be placed/erected at 5km intervals on alternating road sides.
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to determine the location of any underground
structure/installation (foundations, drainage structures, subsoil drains, etc.) or services
(including also cable ducts for future use) in the vicinity of a foundation for a marker/guide
and kilometer post before beginning his work, and he shall conduct his work so as to avoid
any damage to these structures/installations and services, and he shall respect the safety zone
around such structures/installations and services as specified by the respective owner of the
structure/installation or service.
At the end of the Defects Liability Period the concrete posts shall sit firm in their foundations.
If a concrete post is not in this specified condition and such defect or other fault is one for
which the Contractor is liable, the Contractor shall in such case remedy such defect or other
fault at his own cost in accordance with the provisions of the Contract.
At the end of the Defects Liability Period not less than ninety-five per cent (95%) of the
colored/painted area of each individual concrete post shall be without any noticeable defects.
If more than five per cent (5%) of the painted area of any concrete post is not in the specified
condition and such defect or other fault is one for which the Contractor is liable, the
Contractor shall in such case remedy such defect or other fault at his own cost in accordance
with the provisions of the Contract.
(2) Guardrails

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Material
Dimensions of guardrails and terminal sections shall be as shown on the Drawings.
Guardrails shall be supplied together with all bolts, nuts, washers and fixing materials
required; other than bolts for fixing to posts.
The W-beam rail element, back-up plates, and terminal sections shall consist of 12-gauge steel
formed into a beam not less than 300 mm wide and 75 mm deep. The 150 mm channel rail and
splice plate shall be in conformance with AASHTO M 183.
Beam rail elements and terminal sections shall be galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M
180, Class A, and Type 2. Bolts, nuts, washers, plates, rods and other hardware shall be
galvanized in accordance with ASTMA 153.
OR
Guardrails shall comply with the requirements of BS 149. When galvanized guardrails are
called for on the Drawings or in the Bill of Quantities, a hot-dip galvanized zinc coating that
complies with the requirements of BS 763 for coatings on Type A1 articles shall be applied.
All bolts, nuts and washers shall have a hot-dip galvanized zinc coating that complies with the
requirements of BS 763 for coatings on Type C1 articles. Galvanized guardrails shall not be
nested when stacked for storage
Guardrail Posts
Normally only concrete posts shall be used for supporting the guardrails, but under certain
circumstances, timber or box beam posts may be used. Concrete posts shall be of the type and
size shown on the Drawings; or as described in the Particular Specifications.
Box beam posts shall conform to the prevailing version of AASHTO-AGC-ARTBA A Guide
to Standardized Highway Barrier Hardware.
Timber posts shall be supplied in lengths as shown on the Drawings and shall comply with the
requirements of AASHTO M-168 or BS 457.
Posts shall have a top diameter of at least 150 mm. Posts with a top diameter up to 230 mm
will be acceptable provided that posts of widely varying diameter are not used together in the
same length of guardrail.
Posts shall be drilled and shaped as shown on the Drawings and provided with the necessary
bolts, nuts, washers and spacer posts for fixing.
Timber posts and spacer blocks shall be preserved in accordance with any method specified in
AWPA C14 or BS 4072. No cutting, drilling or shaping will be permitted subsequent to
preserving. Where cutting of posts is, however, unavoidable, the Engineer may permit that the
required length be cut off the bottom of a post provided the exposed area is subsequently

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treated.

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Timber posts shall not exhibit excessive cracking at the ends, particularly cracks aligned at an
angle of more than 45º to the guardrail. Posts, which, in the opinion of the Engineer, exhibit a
degree of cracking that would impair their life or strength shall not be used.
(3) Road Sign
Material
Structural Steel
Structural steel shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M-270 grade 250 or BS 4360
for the type of steel specified or shown on the Drawings. All structural steel, including posts,
shall be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A123 or BS 729. Steel
posts shall comply with the requirements of ASTM A499 or BS 4848 Part 2.
Aluminum
Sheet Aluminum signs shall be constructed of material conforming to ASTM B 209M alloy
6061-T6 or alloy 5052-H38 Aluminum plate shall 2.0 mm in thickness.
Aluminum posts shall be of the sizes detailed on the Drawings and shall conform to the
provisions of ASTM B221M or BS 1474 (HE.9).
Bolts, Nuts and Rivets
Bolts, nuts, and washers shall be of the same material for each attachment, and meet the
specifications
All steel parts shall be galvanized per ASTM A 123. Steel bolts and related hardware shall be
galvanized per ASTM 153 Blind rivets used for fixing sign faces to square tubing framework
shall be manufactured from or coated with a material that will not cause corrosion through
electrolytic action. Blind rivets used for joining aluminum extrusions shall be hardened
aluminum blind rivets.
Steel Plate
Steel plate shall be 2 mm thick and comply with the requirements of ASTM A525.
Unless otherwise or shown on the Drawings, steel plate shall be galvanized in accordance with
the requirements of ASTM A525 or BS 729 (Heavy Grade).
Particle Board
Particle board shall be an exterior grade timber particle board 12.7 mm thick, unless otherwise
specified or indicated on the Drawings, and consisting of a phenolated, resinbound timber
particle core faced with a phenolated resin impregnated paper overlay, heat-bonded under high
pressure to form a homogeneous structure.
The particle board shall comply with the relevant physical requirements for Type B-B NIST
specification PS-1 or Type M board as specified in BS 5669.

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Concrete
Concrete shall be manufactured and placed as specified in Division 8400. Class C 20/20
concrete shall be used for the erection of road signs, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings
or directed by the Engineer.
Fiberglass
Fiberglass reinforced thermosetting polyester laminate panel shall be acrylic modified and UV
stabilized for outdoor weather-ability. Fiberglass reinforced panels shall conform to the
mechanical and physical properties
Retro-Reflective Material
Retro-reflective material shall be supplied in engineering-grade material which shall conform
to the requirements of ASTM D 4956.
The material shall be supplied with a pressure-sensitive or heat-applied adhesive backing
protected by a removable liner.
Paint
Paints for road signs shall be as specified in SANS 1519 or selected from ERA’s list of
approved road sign paints. Project acceptance will be based on the appearance of an approved
brand name on the container label. All paints and solvents shall conform to air pollution
regulations, including those for the control (emission) of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
as established by the Environmental Protection Authority.
The paint shall be delivered to the Site in sealed containers bearing the name of the
manufacturer and the type of paint.
The viscosity of the paint shall be such that it can be applied without thinning.
Corrosion Protection Tape
Corrosion protection tape used between aluminum and steel shall be "Scotch rap 50" or an
equal approved material.
Road-Marking Paint
Paint for applying road traffic markings shall be as specified in SANS 731 or selected from
ERA’s approved list of white and yellow road-marking and retro-reflective road marking
paints. Project acceptance will be based on the appearance of an approved brand name on the
container label. All paints and solvents shall conform to air pollution regulations, including
those for the control (emission) of volatile organic compounds (VOC) as established by the
Environmental Protection Authority.
The paint shall be delivered to the Site in sealed containers bearing the name of the
manufacturer and the type of paint.

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The viscosity of the paint shall be such that it can be applied without thinning.
Thermoplastic road-marking material
Where specified in the Particular Specifications or on the Drawings, thermoplastic road
marking material shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M249.
Color
Marking: The color to be used shall be bright white or yellow.
Beads: Retro-reflective glass beads shall comply with AASHTO M247 Type T.
Weather Limitations
Road marking paint shall not be applied to damp surfaces; or when the relative humidity
exceeds 80%; or at temperatures lower than 10ºC; or when, in the opinion of the Engineer,
wind strength is such that it may adversely affect the painting operations.
Surface Preparation
Traffic markings shall be applied to bituminous surfaces after sufficient time has elapsed to
ensure that damage will not be caused to the painted surface by volatile substances evaporating
from the bituminous surfacing. In no case shall traffic markings be applied until at least two (2)
weeks after the completion of the bituminous surfacing or any longer period required by the
Engineer, has expired. Before the paint is applied, the surface shall be clean and dry and
completely free from any soil, grease, oil, acid or any other material which will be detrimental
to the bond between the paint and the surface. The portions of the surface where the paint is to
be applied shall be properly cleaned by means of watering, blowing or compressed air if
required. Setting Out of Road Traffic Markings
The lines, symbols, figures or marks shall be set out by means of paint spots of the same color
as the proposed final lines and marks. These spot marks shall be at such intervals as will
ensure that the traffic markings can be accurately applied, and in no case shall they be more
than 1.5 m from each other. Normally spots of approximately 10 mm in diameter should be
sufficient.
The dimensions and positions of traffic markings shall be as shown on the Drawings or as
specified in the prevailing Traffic Regulations.
After spotting, the positions of the proposed road markings such as dotted lines and starting
and finishing points of barrier lines shall be indicated on the road. The Engineer must approve
the pre-markings prior to the commencement of any painting operations.
The positions and outlines of special markings shall be produced on the finished road in chalk
and shall be approved by the Engineer before they are painted. The use of approved templates
will be permissible on condition that the Engineer approves the positioning of the marking

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before painting is commenced.

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Application of Paint
Paint shall be applied as figures, signs, letters, symbols, broken or unbroken lines or other
marks as shown on the Drawings, or directed by the Engineer.
Where the paint is applied by means of a machine, it shall be applied in one layer. Before the
road marking machine is used on the permanent works, the satisfactory working of the
machine shall be demonstrated on a suitable site which is not part of the permanent works.
Further testing shall follow adjustment to the machine. Only when the machine has been
correctly adjusted, and the use thereof approved by the Engineer after testing, may the
machine be used on the permanent work. The operator shall be experienced in the use of the
machine.
After the machine itself has been satisfactorily adjusted, the rate of application shall be
checked and adjusted if necessary before application on a large scale is commenced.
Where two or three lines are required next to each other, the lines shall be applied
simultaneously by the same machine. The paint shall be stirred before application in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Paint shall be applied without the addition of
thinners. Where painting is done by hand, it shall be applied in two layers, and the second
layer shall not be applied before the first layer has dried out sufficiently. As most road
marking paint reacts with the bitumen surface of the road, the paint is to be applied with only
one (1) stroke of the brush or roller at any one point on the road.
Application of Retro-Reflective Beads
Where retro-reflective paint is required, the retro-reflective glass beads shall be applied by
means of a suitable machine immediately after the application of the paint in one continuous
operation. The rate of application of the beads shall be 0.8 kg/liter paint or such other rate as
may be indicated by the Engineer. Machines, which apply the beads by means of gravity only,
shall not be used. The beads shall be sprayed onto the paint layer.
Upon approval by the Engineer, paint rollers or brushes may be used for marking letters,
symbols, stop bars, short temporary detours or other such areas as directed by the Engineer.
When rollers and brushes are allowed, glass beads shall be applied to the wet paint film at the
specified rate and in a manner suitable to the Engineer.
Road Studs
Road studs shall be of the types indicated on the Drawings and shall be fixed in the positions
indicated and approved by the Engineer.
Before fixing, the surface shall be thoroughly cleaned as specified in Clause 9505.
The studs shall be fixed to the road surface by means of an approved epoxy resin in

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accordance with the manufacturer's instructions after the road lines have been
completed. Sufficient

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adhesive shall be used to give complete coverage of the contact area and to provide a slight
excess. The road studs shall be pressed on the prepared area and all excess adhesives pressed
out. The excess adhesive shall then immediately be removed with a suitable solvent. The studs
shall be protected against impact until the adhesive has hardened.
Construction method for Kilometer post
(1) Work Procedure
① Manufacturing concrete posts
② Spacing of posts
③ Erection
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Manufacturing concrete posts
• Fabrication of form
• Fabrication of reinforcement
• Casting of concrete (four (4) parts concrete sand to one (1) part Portland cement)
• Painting with the reflecting paint
Step 2: Spacing of posts
• The spacing of units as shown on the Drawings
Step 3: Erection
• Excavating the holes in the shoulder
• Placing the posts vertical and square to the road centerline.
• Backfilling with compaction in layers not exceeding 150 mm thick right from the bottom of
the hole
• Disposal of surplus excavated material
Construction method for galvanized guardrail
(1) Work Procedure
① Transportation of guardrail
② Excavation of holes
③ Erection
④ Backfilling with suitable material
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Transportation of guardrail
• Transportation of guardrail to the location
Step 2: Excavation
• Excavating the hole with sufficient size proper setting of the posts

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Step 3: Erection
• Setting true to line and level and bracing suitably to prevent any
movement Step 4: Backfilling
• Backfilling with 12:1 soil: cement mixture and ramming in layers
Construction method for traffic signs
(1) Work Procedure
① Positioning
② Excavation
③ Erection
④ Field Welding and on site painting
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Positioning
Positioning as shown on the Drawings or indicated by the Engineer.
Step 2: Excavation
Excavating
Formwork and reinforcement
Casting the concrete
Step 3: Erection
Erection by equipment with sufficient capacity
Construction method for road marking
(1) Work Procedure
① Surface Preparation
② Setting Out of Road Traffic Markings
③ Application of Paint
④ Application of Retro-Reflective Beads
(2) Construction Sequence
Step 1: Surface Preparation
•Cleaning and drying and completely free from any soil, grease, oil, acid or any other material
Step 2: Setting Out of Road Traffic Markings
• Spot marking according to the dimensions and positions as shown on the Drawings
• Indicating the positions of the proposed road markings
Step 3: Application of Paint
• Painting the road traffic markings by marking machine
Step 4: Application of Retro-Reflective Beads

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• Applying retro-reflective glass beads by means of a suitable machine immediately after the
application of the paint in one continuous operation
• Spraying onto the paint layer

8. Traffic Control
Scope
This Division covers the construction and maintenance of temporary traffic diversions,
barricades, signs, and the provision and operation of traffic lights and everything necessary for
the safe and easy passage of all public and construction traffic during the performance of the
Contract.
General Description
1. General
When the site has been handed over to our company, our company shall provide the diversion
to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Our company shall provide access to the public through or
around the works.
Our company shall allow for maintaining through traffic at all times and give reasonable
notice of any proposed road closures.
Should the road width be restricted or should there be any form of obstruction or danger to
traffic, our company shall supply adequate flagmen, signs, barriers, lights, communications
and staff to ensure that the traffic is safely conducted though the Works.
2. Minimum vertical clearance
The minimum vertical clearance over any portion of a bypass shall be 5.3 m. If the minimum
clearance available is less than 5.3 m, the minimum clearance shall be indicated on approved
signs at approved locations on and in advance of the obstruction.
3. Property and survey monuments
Where possible, Traffic Diversions shall be constructed so as not to damage or displace
property or trigonometrically survey monuments. In exceptional cases where this is not
possible, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer in good time so that he may arrange to have
these suitably referenced before they are displaced.
4. Access to properties
Our company shall also provide and allow access to persons whose properties fall within or
adjoin the area over which we are working.
5. Public services
Public services affected by temporary diversions shall be treated in a similar manner as
services affected by the permanent works.
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6. Temporary works
The Traffic Diversions provided by our company shall include the construction of temporary
fences, drainage works, and other incidentals considered necessary by the Engineer.
Prior to commencement of the temporary works, the Contractor shall submit drawings for the
review and approval of the Engineer. In the case of temporary traffic diversions, these shall
include but not limited to details of the diversion such as pavement type and width; pedestrian
facilities if any and access to adjacent property; length of diversion and expected duration of
its use; access and exit arrangements; temporary drainage arrangements; temporary traffic
control, signage and markings, etc..
Traffic Barriers, Signing and Lighting
1. Traffic Barriers
Our company shall provide, erect and maintain barricades, traffic signs and warning boards, to
the satisfaction of the Engineer.
2. Traffic Signing
Our company shall provide a sufficient number of flagmen and he shall take all necessary
precautions for the protection of the Works and for the safety of the travelling public.
3. Traffic-control Devices
Traffic-control facilities such as STOP and GO signs and two-way radios shall be available at
both ends of those sections of the Works where the road is barricaded and only one-way traffic
is accommodated. A set of two-way radios in good working order shall be available in such
instances.
When movable temporary signs are used, provision shall be made for sandbags on the sign
bases to prevent the signs from being overturned by wind or eddies formed by passing
vehicles. The Contractor shall erect movable shelters to protect the personnel who operate the
points, as well as the equipment, against the elements. For safety purposes, the jackets of the
flagmen shall be of a retro-reflective material.
Accommodation of traffic at rivers shall be effected by means of traffic signals on a one-way
system traffic flow, over the existing bridge structures.
Construction of Temporary Traffic Diversions
1) General
The Contractor shall construct temporary traffic diversions for the public traffic around the
Works.
The temporary traffic diversions constructed by our Company shall include the construction of
all necessary temporary fences, drainage works and other incidentals. Our company shall
ensure
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dust suppression, pedestrian access and access to property along the whole length of each
diversion for the duration of its use.
2) Maximum Length
Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer the maximum length of a temporary traffic
diversion shall be 5 kilometers.
3) Minimum Width
Temporary traffic diversions shall be a minimum of 3.5 meters and 7.5 meters width for single
and two ways traffic respectively.

9. Health and Safety Plan

In the performance of this Contract, the Contractor will comply with all Ethiopian laws in
regard to safety provisions. We shall take all measures and precautions necessary to ensure the
health, safety and welfare of all persons entitled to be on the Site. Such precautions shall
include those that, in the opinion of the Engineer, are reasonable to prevent unauthorized entry
upon the Site and to protect members of the public from any activities under the control of our
company. Our company's responsibilities shall include:
1) The provision and maintenance of all Equipment in a safe working condition and the
adoption of methods of work that are safe and without risks to the health of any person entitled
to be on the Site.
2) The execution of suitable arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in
connection with the use, handling, storage, transport and disposal of articles and substances.
Transportation of any material by our company shall be in suitable vehicles which may loaded
don't cause spillage and all loads shall be suitably secured.
3) If any works that are to be carried out at night, the Contractor shall provide adequate
lighting, including standby facilities in the event of failure that, to ensure the safe execution of
any work and install any additional lighting that the Engineer may require in order to gain
access to, watch and supervise the Works and carryout any testing and examination of
materials.
4) The provision of protective clothing and safety equipment, with such personnel and
equipment and such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to
ensure the health and safety at work of all persons employed on or entering on the Site in
connection with the Works, including the Engineer's Supervisory staff, all in accordance with
the laws of Ethiopia.
5) Such safety equipment and protective clothing shall be high standard. Our company shall
provide them at approved regular interval.
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- Safety helmets,

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- Protective footwear,
- Safety glasses, welding goggles and other eye protectors,
- Safety harnesses,
- High visibility reflective vests,
- Rescue equipment,
- Fire extinguishers.
6) The provision and maintenance of access to all places on the Site in a condition that is safe
and without risk of injury.
7) The provision of adequate waterborne sanitation, refuse collection and disposal, complying
with the Laws of Ethiopia and all local bye-laws and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, for all
houses, offices, workshops, and laboratories erected on the Site.
8) The provision of an adequate number of suitable latrines and other sanitary arrangements at
locations where work is in progress and ensure that they are regularly cleaned and maintained
in a hygienic state all to the satisfaction of the Engineer and of the public health authorities for
the area.
9) If our company should temporarily close down our operations for seasonal or other reasons
we shall ensure that the Works are left in a safe condition. We shall appoint one member of
our staff to be responsible for the safety of the Works throughout the shutdown period and
shall notify the Engineer of the name and contact telephone number of the responsible person.
10) Our employees, our Sub Contractors, their employees and any other persons authorized by
the Contractor to be on the Site shall comply in every respect with the provisions of any
statutory requirements as may be applicable to the Works in respect of health, safety and
welfare. General STD and HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Programme Impacts
By the virtue of the fact that many people are forced to live together and interact with the
surrounding community, the spread of some communicable diseases in camps and the
surrounding area is expected. Of these communicable diseases, sexually transmitted Diseases
(STDs), specifically HIV/AIDS, is the most alarming and requires due attention.
Regarding occupational safety the main accidents occurring by workers during construction
phase, e.g. on crusher site, quarry sites, and any activities involving machinery or other
hazardous activities. Experienced and diligent workers would be recruited to address these
shortcomings. And, Awareness shall be created for safe working condition of the workers.
Mitigation Measures
• As per the contract the contractor will sublet/establish health group for preventive and
control activities of the STDs and HIV/AIDS. This may include teaching the contractor staff

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about the

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hazard of the disease and creating awareness, production and distribution of brochures and
distribution of both types of condoms, female and male type.
• The contractor will provide safety materials to those workers exposed to job accidents.
• Teaching reluctant workers who care little for himself and for his job mates.
The General STD and HIV/AIDS alleviation measures to be undertaken by us are to all Project
Personnel on Site and the communities along the project road corridor. For this purpose, we
shall assign a qualified sub-contractor (local NGO and/or firms that have adequate experience
on STD and HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs.
The Programme shall comprise:
• Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey on the current status of HIV/AIDS epidemic
in the area of the Project Road including project influenced areas. The target group(s) of the
Project shall include all Personnel on Site (including all Contractor's staff, all Sub-Contractors
and Employer’s Representative's staff, and all truck drivers and crews making deliveries to the
Site for construction activities) and the communities along the project road corridor.
• Action plan for the period of the service, management and monitoring plans. A detailed plan
shall be prepared to monitor the implementation of the HIV/AIDS prevention and control
activities and the impacts of the Project during implementation (design and construction
including the Defects Liability Period) and after completion.
• Activity focused budget break down and result focused proposal as well as to be ready to
hand over activities to the target to assure sustainability. For each activity of the budget break
down the resources to be provided or utilized shall be detailed including supporting
documentation and any related sub-contracting proposed.
• Implementation of the STD and HIV/AIDS alleviation measures at project camp sites and
those communities along the project road corridor based on the Government strategic plan.
• Awareness raising activities, establishment and training of peer educators & Anti - AIDS
Committees based on the number of the beneficiaries.
• Provision of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign about HIV/AIDS
and STD to the Project Personnel on Site and the host communities (communities within the
road influenced zones) at convenient places/locations as agreed with the responsible
administrations/authorities, for instance, at base camp, sub/satellite camps, schools, etc.,
starting not later than one (1) month after the date of the Commencement of Works and shall
be continued/repeated at least every three (3) months thereafter and until the end of the
Defects Liability Period. The IEC campaign shall be provided in the local/regional
language(s) and/or

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Oromia and/or Amharic, as the Contractor shall agree with the responsible
administrations/authorities.
• In the agreed language(s) and based on the agreed/approved contents/topics of the IEC
campaign the Contractor shall prepare for distribution:
(a) Pamphlets/Flyers of minimum two (2) A4 paper size pages (A4 paper sheets printed on
both sides) describing and sketching the contents/topics of the IEC campaign, and about 100
nos. pamphlets/flyers shall be distributed at each campaign occasion.
(b) Banners of minimum one square meter size (≥ 1.0m²) with an overview of the
contents/topics and associated sketches of the IEC campaign, made of weatherproof/UV-
resistant (e.g. scrim vinyl) material and with metal grommets/eyes around the banner
perimeter, and one banner each shall be distributed to hospitals, health posts and schools along
the project road corridor.
• Provision of Voluntary Counselling to the beneficiaries and establishment of a referral
system with nearest Governmental and Non-Governmental health institutions including
payment for voluntary counselling and testing services as well as payment for treatment of
opportunistic infections.
• Establishment of a network with health institutions (local Government, NGOs, community-
based organizations, faith-based organization, association, etc.) working on HIV/AIDS.
• Provision of at least one-hundred (100) condoms per year for each member of the above
Project Construction works of Merewa-Somodo-Seka and Somodo-Limu Junction Spur
Design and Build Road Project Personnel on Site and, in average, two-thousand (2,000)
condoms per year for each host community. The condoms shall be of the male and female
types, which shall be provided in accordance with gender of the recipient. The condoms shall
comply with the respective current WHO/UN AIDS specification and guidelines.
• The ‘World HIV/AIDS Day’ on first December every year shall, in collaboration with the
Employer’s Representative, be celebrated and all activities carried out on this day shall be
reported in the next monthly or quarterly report.
• Monthly and quarterly reports shall include a section for reporting on the ‘General STD and
HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Programme’.
• The Contractor shall closely work with the Employer’s Representative and the Employer and
shall liaise with the representative of the Woreda Health Office and HIV/AIDS Prevention and
Control Office (HAPCO). • The (sub-contractor) key personnel shall meet at a minimum the
following requirements:
(a) Sociologist as programme coordinator

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• BA degree in Sociology/Social Anthropology or related fields;

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• Three (3) years on HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes;
• Knowledge of computer application software;
• Proficient in English and minimum one local language.
(b) Nurse as counsellor
• Diploma from Medical College;
• Two (2) years on HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes;
• Knowledge of computer application software; • proficient in English and minimum one local
language.
(c) Animator
• 12 Grade completed;
• Experience on HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes;
• Knowledge of computer application software; • proficient in English and minimum one local
language.
• The Contractor, at the end of the project duration, shall hand over all accomplished and
started activities to the local health offices or other organizations working on same
procedurally.

10. Environmental Management Plan

Scope
This Division covers all work necessary for the protection of the environment and mitigation
measures to be taken. Environmental aspects of the works include all camp sites, quarries,
borrow pits, water sources, temporary diversions, existing roads used as diversions and storage
sites etc. in addition to the main project work site.
Landscape Preservation
1) General
Our company will exercise care to preserve the natural landscape and conduct our construction
operations so as to prevent any unnecessary destruction, scarring, or defacing of the natural
surroundings in the vicinity of the work. Except where clearing is required for permanent
works, approved construction roads, earthworks operations; all trees, native shrubbery.
Movement of labor and equipment within the right-of-way and over routes provided for access
to the work will be performed in a manner to prevent damage to grazing land, crops, or
property.
2) Temporary Traffic Diversions and Haul Roads
The location and alignment of temporary traffic diversions and haul roads will be subject to
the approval of the Engineer. When no longer required these roads will, if required by the
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Engineer, shall be restored to the original contour.
3) Our Company’s Facilities

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Workshop, office, storage and plant areas will be located and arranged in a manner that will
preserve trees and vegetation to the maximum practicable. Blend with the natural terrain, and
are left in a condition.
4) Blasting Precautions
In addition to Dairy requirements of local regulations, our company will adopt precautions
when using explosives, which will prevent scattering of rocks, stumps, or other debris outside
the work area.
5) Quarries, Borrow Pits, Plant and Storage Areas etc.
When our company is no longer required, all quarry sites, borrow pits and areas used for the
disposal or storage of surplus materials and asphalt plants, will be reinstated by landscaping
including the replacement as directed by and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Temporary Soil Erosion Control
1) General
These Works will consist of temporary control measures as described in the Contract or
required by the Engineer during the process of the Works, to control soil erosion and water
pollution, and other erosion control devices or methods. Appropriate control measures will be
required to avoid emission of high concentration of sediments into wet lands, swampy areas
and other particular sensitive areas. The temporary erosion control provisions will be
coordinated with permanent erosion control measures to ensure economical, effective and
continuous erosion control throughout the period of the Works.
2) Construction
The Contractor will carry out (and maintain) temporary erosion control to prevent soil erosion
that will adversely affect construction operations, damage adjacent properties, or cause
contamination of adjacent streams or other watercourses, lakes, ponds, swamps or other areas
of water impoundment. The Contractor will incorporate all permanent erosion control features
as described in the Contract into the Works at the earliest practicable time as outlined in our
schedule, to minimize the need for temporary erosion control measures. Where erosion is a
problem, clearing and grubbing operations will be so scheduled and performed that grading
operations and permanent erosion control features can follow immediately thereafter if
conditions permit.
Preservation of Trees and Shrubbery
All trees and shrubbery which are not specifically required to be cleared or removed for
construction purposes will be preserved and will be protected from any damage that may be
caused by our company's construction operations and equipment. Special care will be
exercised
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where trees or shrubs are exposed to damage by construction equipment, blasting, excavating,
dumping, chemical damage, or other operations, and the our company will adequately protect
such trees by use of protective barriers or other methods approved by the Engineer.
The layout of the company's construction facilities such as workshops, warehouses, storage
areas, and parking areas; location of access and haul routes; and operation in borrow and spoil
areas will be planned and conducted in such manner that all trees and shrubbery will be
preserved.
Prevention of Water Pollution
1) General
Our company's construction activities will be performed by methods that will prevent the
entry, or accidental spillage, of solid matter, contaminants, debris, and other pollutants and
wastes into streams, flowing or dry watercourses, lakes, and underground water sources. Such
pollutants and wastes include, refuse, garbage, cement, concrete, sanitary waste, industrial
waste, oil and other petroleum products, aggregate processing tailings and thermal pollution.
Increases in turbidity in a stream or other bodies of water that are caused by construction
activities will be strictly controlled. When necessary to perform required construction work in
a stream channel, the turbidity may be increased, as approved by the Engineer for the shortest
practicable period required to complete such work. Mechanized equipment will not operate in
flowing water except as necessary to construct crossings or to perform the required
construction. Waste water from aggregate processing, concrete batching, or other construction
operations will not enter streams, watercourses, or other surface waters without the use of such
turbidity control methods. Any such waste water discharged into surface waters will contain the
least concentration of settle able material possible. For the purpose of this Specification, settle able
material is defined as that material which will settle from the water by gravity during a one
hour quiescent detention period.
2) Compliance with Laws and Regulations
The Contractor will comply with all applicable Ethiopian laws, orders, regulations, and water
quality standards concerning the control and abatement of water pollution.
Abatement of Air, Dust, Noise and Light Pollution
1) Abatement of Air Pollution
Our company will comply with applicable Ethiopian laws and regulations concerning the
prevention and control of air pollution. Notwithstanding the above in conduct of construction
activities and operation of equipment, our company will utilize methods and devices as are,
reasonably available to control, prevent, and otherwise minimize emissions or discharges of
air contaminants.
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The emission of dust into the atmosphere will be strictly controlled during the production,
handling, and storage of concrete and road aggregates, and we will use such methods and
equipment as are necessary for the collection and disposal, or prevention, of dust during these
operations. Methods of storing and handling cement and pozzolans will also include means of
eliminating atmospheric discharges of dust.
Equipment and vehicles that show excessive emissions of exhaust gases due to poor engine
adjustments, or other inefficient operating conditions, will not be operated until corrective
repairs or adjustments are made.
Burning of materials resulting from clearing of trees and brush, combustible construction
materials, and rubbish will be permitted only when atmospheric conditions for burning are
considered favorable and when authorized by the Engineer. In lieu of burning, such
combustible materials may be disposed of by other methods. Where open burning is permitted,
the burn piles will be properly constructed to minimize smoke, and in no case will unapproved
materials, such as tires, plastics, rubber products, asphalt products, or other materials that
create heavy black smoke or nuisance odours, be burned.
2) Dust Abatement
During the performance of the work required by the Specification or any operations
appurtenant thereto, whether within the right-of-way provided by the Contracting Authority or
elsewhere, our company will furnish all the labor, equipment, materials, and means required,
and will carry out proper and efficient measure, wherever and as often as necessary to reduce
the dust nuisance, and to prevent dust which has originated from our operations from
damaging crops, orchards, cultivated fields, and dwellings, or causing a nuisance to persons.
Our company will do water sprinkling or other measures for dust abatement if necessary to
obtain adequate control in towns and villages to reduce the dust nuisance.
If necessary, our company will install temporary speed limit traffic signs on those sections of
the road where dust development is considerable.
3) Noise Abatement
Our company will comply with applicable Ethiopian laws, orders, and regulations concerning
the prevention, control, and abatement of excessive noise.
Blasting, the use of jack hammers, rock crushing, or other operations producing high intensity
impact noise will be performed at night only upon approval of the Engineer.
4) Light Abatement

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Our company will exercise special care to direct all stationary floodlights to shine downward
at an angle less than horizontal. These floodlights will also be shielded so as not to be a
nuisance to surrounding areas. No lighting will include a residence in its direct beam.
The Contractor shall be responsible for correcting lighting problems when they occur as
directed by the Engineer.
Preservation of Historical, Archaeological and Cultural Remains
If the Our Company discovers evidence of possible scientific, historical, archaeological or
cultural interest or value during the execution of the works, we will immediately notify the
Engineer giving the nature and location of our findings. Our company will exercise care so as
not to damage artifacts or fossils uncovered during excavation operations and will provide
such cooperation and assistance as may be necessary to preserve the findings for removal or
other disposition by the Contracting Authority.
The Contractor will include this requirement in any sub-contracts for the construction of part
of the works that they may enter into.
Pesticides
The Contractor will find it necessary to use pesticides in work areas of this Contract, and we
will submit our plan for such use to the Engineer for written approval.
The Contractor will read and comply with all labeling requirements when using pesticides.
Cleanup and Disposal of Waste Materials
1) Cleanup
Our company will, at all times, keep the construction area, including storage areas used, free
from accumulations of waste materials or rubbish.
All waste water and sewage from office, residential camps will be made drainage to soak pits
or other disposal areas constructed in accordance with local regulations. All used fuels, oils,
other plant or vehicle fluids, and old tyres and tubes will be collected to a central disposal
point, on a regular basis and disposed.
All household, office, workshop and other solid waste will be collected to a central disposal
area, on a daily basis and disposed of in a manner approved by the Engineer.
Servicing of plant, equipment and vehicles will, whenever possible, be carried out at a
workshop area. This workshop area will be equipped with secure storage areas for fuels, oils
and other fluids constructed in such a way as to contain any spillages which may occur, and
similar storage where used fluids can be stored securely prior to their disposal.
When the servicing of plant, equipment and vehicles is carried out away from the workshop
area it will be done at locations and in such a manner as to avoid spillage and contamination of
streams and other drainage courses. Any spillages will be cleaned up by either burning in place
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or collecting the contaminated soils and burning them at the central disposal area, all to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
Prior to completion of the work, our company will remove from the vicinity of the work all
plant facilities, buildings, rubbish, unused materials, concrete formworks, and other similar
material, belonging to us or used under our direction during construction, All work areas will
be graded and left in a neat manner conforming to the natural appearance of the landscape as
provided in Clause 1602.
2) Disposal of Waste Material
Waste materials including, but not restricted to, refuse, garbage, sanitary wastes, industrial
wastes, and oil and other petroleum products, will be disposed of by our company. Disposal of
combustible materials will be by burying, where burial of such materials is approved by the
Engineer; by burning, where burning of approved materials is permitted; or by removal from
the construction area. Disposal of non-combustible materials will be by burying, where burial
of such materials is approved by the Engineer, or by removal from the construction area.
Waste materials removed from the construction area will be dumped at an approved dump.
The Contractor will dispose all sanitary and other wastes, at all camps and sites, safely in such
a way as will not result in any form of soil or water pollution or hazard to human or animal
health.
①Our company will take all reasonable precautions to prevent spillage and leakage of materials
with the potential to pollute soil and water resources. The measures will be implemented in an
effective way throughout the life of the base camp.
②Our Company will be responsible, for cleaning up any pollution caused by our activities, to
the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Our Company will dispose of all unnecessary and spoil material at the appropriate sites,
approved by the Engineer, on land not required for any activity by the local community for
agriculture, grazing, or any other public services.
3) Disposal of Material by Burying
We will bury the only materials approved by the Engineer. Burial will be in pits and the location.
4) Disposal of Material by Burning
All materials to be burned will be piled in designated burning areas in such a manner as will
cause no fire hazards.
Our Company will, at all times, take special precautions to prevent fire from spreading beyond
the piles being burned. Our company will have available, at all times, suitable equipment and

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supplies for use in preventing and suppressing fires and will be subject to all laws and
regulations locally applicable for pre-suppression, suppression, and prevention of fires.
5) Disposal of Material by Removal
Material to be disposed of by removal from the construction area will be removed from the
area prior to the completion of the work under the Contract.
Materials to be disposed of by dumping will be hauled to an approved dump. It will be the
responsibility of our company to make any necessary arrangements with private parties and
with local officials pertinent to locations and regulations of such dumping.

Environmental Management for Each Item

Noise
The noise shall be controlled under standard for living noise and vibration control based upon
the Employer’s Environmental Specification. Contractor will do report and permission on
installation of noise emission facilities. Any person who desires to install noise emission
facilities and preventive facilities shall make a report or obtain permission based upon the
Employer’s Environmental Specification.
Smoke and Dust
Contractor, for duration of the construction stage, will maintain all excavations, haul roads,
plant sites, waste disposal areas, borrow areas, and all other work areas free from dust, as
determined by the Employer.
Contractor will stop and minimize the emission and take corrective measures in accordance
with the applicable rules, regulations and legislation.
Wastes and Rubbish
The storage, transportation and disposal measures to avoid or minimize potential adverse
impacts associated with waste arising from the construction of the facility.
Standard and method for keeping, collection, transportation and disposal of construction
wastes are as follows;
• Construction Wastes shall be divided into the same kind and be disposed by discharging
person using the waste disposal facilities, or be consigned to waste disposal business person,
waste disposal facilities of self-governing body, recycling reporter, etc.
• Construction wastes shall not be kept at the site after completion of construction.
• The contractor will use safe and proper methods of disposal of sanitary and other wastes in
such a way they will not result in any form of pollution or hazard to human or animal health.
• The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to prevent spillage and leakage of
materials with the potential to pollute water resources. The measures should be implemented
in an effective way throughout the life of the camp.
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• The contractor will demolish all his part of camp buildings, structures like foundations and
steps, septic tanks, Stocked soil for elevated water tanks electric poles etc.
• Pedestrian walkway and vehicular road constructed should be ripped, loosen and another
organic soil should be dumped and leveled.
• Vegetation and reinstating to the original natural condition should be done in all camp areas.
• Workshop area should be carefully managed to avoid spillage of burned oil, resin and
contamination of other chemicals. Such chemicals and materials like scraps, tins, used and
thrown parts shall be properly collected and buried in area where it is difficult to be reached by
children.
• Nontoxic waste materials collected from camp shall be properly collected and disposed of in
pits and the pit should be backfilled and protected from children. Toxic and explosive
containers like insecticide container should be handled and the manufacturers handling and
disposal instruction should be followed.

11. Disease Alleviation Measures

Due to the importance of disease prevention, the following measures will be adopted:
1. A clinic will be set up. One doctor will train all workers about STD, HIV/AIDS. The
training and prevention will be routine.
2. Disinfection will be carried out periodically in the residence area. The pest-killer spray will
be distributed.
3. Partnership with local hospitals will be necessary. Their experienced doctors will be invited
frequently to camp for training.
4. The condoms will be distributed periodically to all workers.
5. Our company shall advise all site staff and labor including all employees all Sub-
Contractors and consultants' employees, all truck drivers and crew making deliveries to sit, of
dangers and impact of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) in general and HIV/AIDS in
particular. To this end, our company shall conduct Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) campaigns at least every other month addressed both to the
aforementioned site staff and labor and the immediate local communities.
Meanwhile, In terms of disease prevention, our company contacted medical facilities in
Jimma and request such facilities to send professionals to provide medical treatment and give
lectures for the transmitted diseases. The plan for safety and health shall be submitted soon.

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12. Work Program

As per the Requirement of the Condition of the Contract, the Contractor has prepared his work
program showing the resources, Manpower, Material and Equipment required for each major
construction items. It also includes the estimated quantities of the work, daily and hourly
production of the activities per one crew and the time required to complete the activities. It is
clear that this project is a design and Build Road project and hence, the quantities of the work
items are not known. However, the contractor used the quantity estimated are generated based
on the route selection and draft alignment and it will be revise after project design approval.
This Program is subject to revision on completion of the design work. In preparing this work
program only the working days are considered and the Sundays, holidays (as specified in the
Contract) and rainy days (for the month of from June to September) are reduced from the
calendar days as nonworking times. For the working days 8 hours working time is considered
per each day and 6 working days per week.

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