NLM and Friction

JEE [1]
CONTENTS
LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION
1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................... [2]
1.1 Inertia...................................................................................................................................................... [2]
1.2 Mass........................................................................................................................................................ [2]
1.3 Force ....................................................................................................................................................... [2]
2. Laws of Motion ..................................................................................................................................... [2]
2.1 Newton’s first law ............................................................................................................................ [2]
2.2 Newton’s second law ....................................................................................................................... [2]
2.3 Newton’s third law............................................................................................................................ [2]
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE-1 ......................................................................................................... [4]
3. Working with laws of motion............................................................................................................... [9]
3.1 Free body diagram....................................................................................................................................[9]
3.2 Force applying agents.............................................................................................................................. [9]
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE-2........................................................................................................... [14]
4. Validity of Newton’s laws...................................................................................................................... [22]
4.1 Inertial Frame .......................................................................................................................................... [22]
4.2 Non-Inertial Frame ..................................................................................................................................[22]
4.3 Working with laws of motion in non-inertial frame ............................................................................... [22]
5. Miscellaneous application of Newton’s Laws ..................................................................................... [25]
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE-3........................................................................................................... [31]
6. Frictional Forces ................................................................................................................................... [38]
7. Types of frictional forces ...................................................................................................................... [38]
7.1 Static friction............................................................................................................................................[38]
7.2 Kinetic friction ........................................................................................................................................ [38]
8. Laws of friction.......................................................................................................................................[38]
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE-4 .......................................................................................................... [41]
9. Frictional force as a contact force ....................................................................................................... [47]
10. Working with laws of friction .............................................................................................................. [48]
10.1 To check occurrence of relative slipping ................................................................................................ [48]
10.2 The minimum requirements for slipping to occur .................................................................................. [48]
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE5................................................................................................. [52]
Exercise 1...................................................................................................................................................... [57]
Exercise2 ....................................................................................................................................................... [68]
Exercise 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... [78]
SOLUTION……………………………………………………………………………………………….[94120]
Raman Niwas (Near Aakashwani), Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542) – 2363455, www.catjee.in
JEE [2]
LAWS OF MOTION
1. INTRODUCTION
In previous chapter, motion of an object was discussed with given accelerations. In this chapter we will
broadly deal with the cause of the acceleration. Following are few terms to be used in this chapter:
1.1 Inertia: Inertia of an object is an inherent property the object to retain its state of motion. An
object having high tendency to oppose its state of motion has high inertia.
1.2 Mass: Mass of an object is the mathematical measure of inertia of the object. Mass of an object
is independent of its surrounding and is considered constant under non-relativistic
considerations. Mass is a scalar quantity and has SI unit of kilogram (kg).
1.3 Force: If an agent pushes or pulls an object or tries to push or pull the object, then we say agent
is applying a force on the object. There are four fundamental forces occurring in nature:
(i) Gravitational force (ii) Electromagnetic force
(iii) Nuclear force (iv) Weak Nuclear force
Gravitational force is of pulling nature and is applied by every particle in universe on every
other particle. Near surface of earth every object is attracted by earth towards its centre by a
force proportional to mass of the object. This force applied by earth on an object is called weight
of the object. Electromagnetic force is due to the interaction between two charged particles.
Other kinds of forces are irrelevant to be discussed at this stage. Out of these four fundamental
forces, gravitational force is weakest if considered among two charged fundamental particles.
2. Laws of Motion
The three laws governing state of motion of an object are stated as under:
2.1 Newton’s first law: If an object is subjected to no external force, the state of motion of the
object remains unchanged.
2.2 Newton’s second law: The rate of change of velocity of an object is directly proportional to the
vector sum of all external forces acting on the object. Mathematically,
 
F a
The unit of force is so chosen that proportionality of this equation becomes mass of the
considered object. Hence,
 
F  ma
2.3 Newton’s third law: If an object applies force on other object, then the other object also
applies force of equal magnitude but in opposite direction on first object simultaneously.
Example 1: What will happen to a ball, which is whirling in a circular path with the help of a string, if the
string breaks?
Solution: As the string breaks, the force on ball becomes zero, so by Newton's first law, the ball keeps
moving tangentially, on a straight line with constant speed, which it already has.
Now Solve: While the ball was in circular motion, was it accelerated? If yes, which force was responsible to
accelerate it?
Answer: Yes, the pulling force applied by string.
JEE [3]
Example 2: In tug of war, both teams pull the string with same force, which is tension, so how one team
wins the game?
Solution: In tug of war, team has to push the floor with more force, so the floor pushes the team and thus
team on which ground exerts more force will win as string will exert same force on both teams.
Now Solve: Can this game be played on a smooth surface, say flat surface of ice?
Answer: No.
Example 3: In the following cases which force is reaction of mg on block
m
m m
(i) (ii) (iii)
Solution: In all cases mg is the force of attraction on block by earth, so its reaction force will be the force
on earth by block, which has magnitude mg and is in upwards direction.
Now Solve: If each one of us is attracting earth with some force, why earth appears to remain unaccelerated?
Answer: The forces applied by us on earth, have vector sum of zero.
Example 4: A force acts for 10s on a body initially at rest of mass 10kg after which the force stops to act.
The body travels 50m in the next 5s. Find the magnitude of the force.
Solution: After the force stops acting, the body covers 50m is 5s. Therefore, final velocity is
50m
v  10m/s
5s
To achieve a velocity of 10m/s in 10s, acceleration must be 1m/s2. Thus force F is,
F  10kg 1m/s2  10N
Now Solve: If the force acting on particle is double the value determined, find displacement of the particle in
next 5s after the application of the force.
Answer: 100m
Example 5: Under action of magnetic force and gravitational force an object of mass 3kg moves with an
4
acceleration m/s2 along east. Find the magnitude of magnetic force acting on the object. (g =
3
2
10m/s )
Solution: Applying Newton’s second law,
 4 
F net  30kg   m/s 2 East 
3 
 
F mag  F gr  40N East
 
F mag  40N East  30N Downwards  F mag  50N
Now Solve: Find the magnetic force on the particle if the same particle is observed to be accelerated with
2m/s2 upwards.
Answer: 36N upwards
JEE [4]
INCHAPTER EXERCISE1
1. Which one out of four fundamental forces is the weakest force between two protons at a distance of
1 Fermi?
2. According to Newton's first law of motion a body moving with a uniform speed along a straight line
should continue moving. In practice, a body in motion (for example a moving box on table) stops after
some time. Which force stops the body?
3. Why do we fall forward when a moving bus suddenly stops? Explain stating the law required.
4. According to Newton's third law, every force is accompanied by an equal and opposite force. How can a
movement ever take place?
5. State true or false:
(i) If velocity of an object is increased, its inertia will also increase.
(ii) An object moving with constant velocity must be experiencing non zero net force on itself.
(iii) A car moving on straight road with uniform velocity must be experiencing a non-zero net force.
(iv) If an object is under free fall, net force acting on it is zero.
(v) Every object near earth surface applies a force on earth directed vertically upwards.
6. Explain the following processes using Newton’s laws by giving other similar examples:
(i) The process of rising up of a helicopter.
(ii) Sudden change in velocity just after an object hits ground.
(iii) It hurts to fall on a road than to fall on bed.
(iv) Earth applies force on moon, still moon never falls on earth.
7. Mention the Newton’s law involved in the explanation of:
(i) Acceleration of rocket as it ejects fuel.
(ii) No fuel is required for a satellite to move outside solar system with constant velocity.
(iii) A person standing on a perfectly smooth surface (like surface of frozen lake) cannot suddenly
start to run.
8. Give the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on
(i) a drop of rain falling down with a constant speed
(ii) a cork of mass 10g floating on water
(iii) a kite skillfully held stationary in the sky
(iv) a car moving with a constant velocity of 30 km/h on a rough road.
9. A pebble of mass 0.05 kg is thrown vertically upwards. Give the direction and magnitude of the net
force on the pebble
(i) during its upward motion
(ii) during its downward motion
(iii) at the highest point where it is momentarily at rest

Do your answers change, if the pebble was thrown at an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction?
Ignore air resistance.
10. Give the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on a stone of mass 0.1kg.
(i) Just after it is dropped from the window of a stationary train.
(ii) Just after it is dropped from the window of a train running at a constant velocity of 36 km/h
(iii) Just after it is dropped from the window of train accelerating with 1 ms–2.
11. Person A of mass 60 kg pushes the other person B of mass 75 kg due to which person B starts moving
with acceleration 3m/s2. This is shown in diagram below:
JEE [5]
B
A
3 m/s2
Smooth surface
Calculate the acceleration of person A at that instant.

12. A force produces acceleration a1 on a body A. The same force produces acceleration a2 on body B. Find
acceleration if the same force acts on combination of A and B.
13. A constant force acting on a body of mass 3.0 kg changes its speed from 2.0 ms –1 to 1.0 ms–1 in 3s.
Assuming particle only moves in straight line, what are the possible magnitudes of the force?
14. Driver of a car moving with a speed of 36 km/h observes an accident situation and brings his vehicle to
rest in 4s. The mass of the car is 400 kg and the mass of the driver is 65 kg.
(i) What is the average retarding force on the vehicle?
(ii) Which force acted on car to stop it? Which external agent applied this force?
(iii) Had the car stopped, if it was moving on a perfectly smooth surface (like surface of frozen lake)?
15. A body of mass 5kg is acted upon by two perpendicular forces 8N and 6N. Give the magnitude of the
acceleration of the body.
16. In a TV picture tube electrons are ejected from the cathode with negligible speed and reach a velocity of
5 106 m/s in traveling one centimeter. Assuming straight line motion, find the constant force exerted
on the electron. The mass of the electron is 9.11031 kg.
17. A bob of mass 0.1 kg hung from the ceiling of a room by a string 2m long is set into oscillation. The speed
of the bob at its mean position is 1ms 1 . What is the trajectory (path) of the bob, if the string is cut when
the bob is:
(i) at one of its extreme positions? (ii) at its mean position?
18. Raindrops of radius 1 mm and mass 4 mg are falling with a speed of 30 m/s on the head of a bald
person. The drops splash on the head and come to rest. Assuming equivalently that the drops cover a
distance equal to their radii on the head before coming to rest, estimate the force exerted by each drop on
the head.
   
19. A force F  v  A is exerted on a particle in addition to the force of gravity, where v is the velocity of the

particle and A is a constant vector in the horizontal direction. With what minimum speed a particle of
mass m be projected so that it continues to move un-deflected with a constant velocity?
20. A hockey puck with a mass of 200g slides on horizontal frictionless surface of an ice rink. Two force act
on the puck as shown in figure. The force F1 has a magnitude of 6.0 N, and F2 has a magnitude of
8.0 N. Determine the magnitude and direction of the puck’s acceleration. sin   4 / 5, sin   3/ 5

F2


F1
 
21. Two forces F1 and F2 act on a 2 kg mass as shown in diagram.
JEE [6]

F2  5N
120o 
F1  10N
2kg
If F1  10N and F2  5N , the acceleration of the mass is:


(A) 2.5 3 m/s2 at an angle 30° with the direction of F1

(B) 7.5 m/s2 at an angle 30° with the direction of F1

(C) 2.5 m/s2 in the direction of F1

(D) 2.5 3 m/s2 at an angle 60° with the direction of F1
22. You are in a plane accelerating along a runway during takeoff, and you are holding a pendulum
(say, a shoe hanging from a shoelace). The string of the pendulum
(A) hangs downward and forward, because the net force on the pendulum must be zero
(B) hangs downward and forward, because the net force must be nonzero
(C) hangs downward and backward, because the net force must be zero
(D) hangs downward and backward, because the net force must be nonzero
23. A rider on horse back falls when horse starts running all of a sudden because
(A) Rider is taken back
(B) Rider is suddenly afraid of falling
(C) Inertia of rest keeps the upper part of body at rest whereas lower part of the body moves forward
with the horse
(D) None of the above
24. When a train stops suddenly, passengers in the running train feel an instant jerk in the forward direction
because
(A) The back of seat suddenly pushes the passengers forward
(B) Inertia of rest stops the train and takes the body forward
(C) Upper part of the body continues to be in the state of motion whereas the lower part of the body in
contact with seat comes to rest
(D) Nothing can be said due to insufficient data
25. A man getting down a running bus falls forward because
(A) Due to inertia of rest, road is left behind and man reaches forward
(B) Due to inertia of motion upper part of body continues to be in motion in forward direction while
feet come to rest as soon as they touch the road
(C) He leans forward as a matter of habit
(D) Of the combined effect of all the three factors stated in (a), (b) and (c)
26. A boy sitting on the topmost berth in the compartment of a train which is just going to stop on a railway
station drops an apple aiming at the open hand of his brother sitting vertically below his hands at a
distance of about 2 meter. The apple will fall
(A) Precisely on the hand of his brother
(B) Slightly away from the hand of his brother in the direction of motion of the train
(C) Slightly away from the hand of his brother in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the train
27. Newton's first law of motion describes the following
(A) Energy (B) Work (C) Inertia (D) Moment of inertia
JEE [7]
28. If a bullet of mass 5 gm moving with velocity 100 m /s, penetrates the wooden block upto 6cm. Then the
average force imposed by the bullet on the block is
(A) 8300 N (B) 417 N (C) 830 N (D) Zero
29. A body of mass 2kg moving on a horizontal surface with an initial velocity of 4 m/s comes to rest after
2s. If one wants to keep this body moving on the same surface with a velocity of 4m/s, the force required
is
(A) 8 N (B) 4 N (C) Zero (D) 2 N
30. An object with a mass 10 kg moves at a constant velocity of 10 m/s. A constant force then acts for 4
second on the object and gives it a speed of 2 m/s in opposite direction. The acceleration produced in it,
is
(A) 3m/s 2 (B) 3m/s2 (C) 0.3m/s2 (D) 0.3m/s2

31.  
A force vector applied on a mass is represented as F  6iˆ  8 ˆj  10kˆ N and accelerates with 1m/s2 .
What will be the mass of the body?
(A) 10 2 kg (B) 2 10 kg (C) 10 kg (D) 20 kg
32. A cricket ball of mass 250 g collides with a bat with velocity 10 m/s and returns with the same velocity
within 0.01 second. The average force acted on bat is
(A) 25 N (B) 50 N (C) 250 N (D) 500 N

33. ˆ ˆ
A body of mass 5 kg starts from the origin with an initial velocity u  30i  40 j ms-1 . If a constant force

F  (iˆ  5 ˆj )N acts on the body, the time in which the y–component of the velocity becomes zero is
(A) 5 s (B) 20 s (C) 40 s (D) 80 s
34. When we jump out of a boat standing in water it moves
(A) Forward (B) Backward (C) Sideways (D) None of the above
35. On a stationary sail-boat, air is blown at the sails from a fan attached to the boat as shown:
The boat will:

(A) Remain stationary
(B) Spin around
(C) Move in a direction opposite to that in which air is blown
(D) Move in the direction in which the air is blown
36. Action and reaction forces act on
(A) The same body (B) The different bodies
(C) The horizontal surface (D) Nothing can be said
37. A book is lying on the table. What is the angle between the action of the book on the table and the
reaction of the table on the book?
(A) 0° (B) 30° (C) 45° (D) 180°
38. Which of the following groups of forces could be in equilibrium?
(A) 3 N, 4 N, 5 N (B) 4N, 5 N, 10 N (C) 30N, 40 N, 80 N (D) 1N, 3 N, 5 N
39. When forces F1 , F2 , F3 are acting on a particle of mass m such that F2 and F3 are mutually
perpendicular, then the particle remains stationary. If the force F1 is now removed then the acceleration
of the particle is
(A) F1 / m (B) F2 F3 / mF1 (C) ( F2  F3 ) / m (D) F2 / m
JEE [8]
–1
40. A body of 2 kg has an initial speed 5ms . A force acts on it for some time in the direction of motion.
The force time graph is shown in figure. The final speed of the body is
F(N)
0 2 4 5 6
t(s)
(A) 9.5ms -1
(B) 5ms -1
(C) 14.5 ms–1 (D) 4.5 ms–1
ANSWER KEY
1. Gravitational 17. (i) straight line; (ii) parabola

2. Frictional force 18. 1.8 N
3. Because of inertia of uniform motion 19. Mg/A
4. Action and reaction do not act on same body 20. 50 m/s2
5. (i) False; (ii) False; (iii) False; (iv) False; 21. (A)
(v) True; 22. (D)
6. (i) 3rd law (ii) 2nd law (iii) 2nd law (iv) 2nd law 23. (C)
7. (i) 3rd law; (ii) 1st law; (iii) 2nd law 24. (C)
8. (i) Zero; (ii) Zero; (iii) Zero; (iv) Zero; 25. (B)
9. (i) 0.5N downwards (ii) 0.5N downwards 26. (B)
(iii) 0.5N downwards. The answers will not 27. (C)
change. 28. (B)
10. (i) 1N downwards (ii) 1N downwards 29. (B)
(iii) 1N downwards 30. (B)
15 31. (A)
11. m / s2
4 32. (D)
 a1a2  33. (C)
12.  
 a1  a2  34. (B)
13. 1N; 3 N 35. (A)
14. (i) 162.5N ; 36. (B)
(ii) Frictional force; Ground surface (iii) No 37. (D)
15. 2m/s2 38. (A)
16. 1.11015 N 39. (A)

40. (C)
JEE [9]
3. Working with laws of motion
To understand motion of an object subjected to various forces, we consider a suitable system consists of
the given object. By understanding each force in a separate diagram (called free body diagram) and then
by using Newton’s laws, equations of motion can be developed for the object. Following are the
details/terms adopted for dynamic analysis of considered system:
3.1 Free body diagram: A diagram which symbolically represents the object under consideration
along with each external force acting on the object with proper direction is called a free body
diagram. A free body diagram helps to evaluate vector resultant of all forces (net force) acting
on an object.
3.2 Force applying agents: For practical applications, following are few examples of agents which
apply force on an object under observation:

(i) Earth: Earth applies a force of gravitation (called weight W ) on an object of mass m,
given by:
 
W  mg

Where g represents acceleration vector of magnitude 9.8m/s2 pointed vertically downwards
near surface of earth.
(ii) A rigid surface: A surface with its fixed shape (rigid surface) applies a force to retain its
original shape on every object trying to distort its shape. This force develops between two
objects in contact and acts perpendicular to the contact surface between the objects, hence
termed as Normal force. Normal force is of pushing nature and is a self adjusting force.
(iii) A flexible inelastic string: A string has tendency to retain its total length constant. If an
agent tries to increase length of a string, the string pulls agent towards itself from both of
its ends. Under such situation string becomes tight. In general, any part of a tight string
pulls other parts in contact with some force. This force is called tension of the string.
Tension force by a string is of pulling nature and is a self adjusting force.
(iv) An ideal spring: Spring is an object which has tendency to retain its original length once
its length gets changed. An elongated string pulls both of its ends towards itself to regain
its original length. A compressed spring pushes both of its ends to regain its original
length.
Example 6: Find normal force applied by each contact surface on object B in each of the following
situations:
70 N
70 N
(i) (ii) 5 kg B
5 kg B
12 m/s2
100 N
37° B m
(iii) (iv)
5 kg B

JEE [10]
Solution: (i) Following is the free body diagram of the object B :
70N
No
50N
Now using Newton’s II law in vertical direction:
No = 120 N
(ii) Following is the free body diagram of the object B:
No 70N
50N
Now using Newton’s II law in vertical direction:

120N  No  5kg 12m/s2
No  60N
(iii) Following is the free body diagram of the object B:
100N
37°
N1
N2
50N
Now using Newton’s II law in horizontal direction:
N1  100 N cos37  80N
And using Newton’s II law in horizontal direction:
N2  100 N sin37  50 N  110N

(iv) Following is the free body diagram of the triangular wedge B and sphere separately:
N1
N1 cos 

 
N2 N1 sin 
 N1 mg
N3
Mg

Triangular wedge Sphere Resolving N 1
N2  N1 sin   mg tan  N1 cos  mg

mg
N3  Mg  N1 cos N1 
cos
N3  Mg  mg
JEE [11]
Now Solve: In the above example, respectively for each part determine:
(i) What should be the value of applied force (in place of 70N) such that the normal force
becomes zero?
(ii) What should be the value of acceleration (in place of 12m/s2) such that normal force becomes
zero?
(iii) What should be magnitude of the applied force (in place of 100N) such that the normal
forces applied by the two surfaces becomes equal?
(iv) The value of the force applied by vertical wall on the sphere.
Answer : (i) 50N (ii) 14m/s2 (iii) 250N (iv) mg tan 
Example 7: A block of mass M placed on a frictionless, inclined plane of angle , as shown in the figure.
Determine the acceleration of the block after it is released. What is force exerted by the incline on
the block?
M

Solution: When the block is released, it will move down the incline. Let its acceleration be a. The forces
acting on the block are:
(i) Gravitational force (W) (ii) Normal force(N)
Hence, free body diagram of the object is as shown:
N
W cos 
W sin 

W W
a
W
Here, for the block we can apply equation for motion along the plane and equation for
equilibrium perpendicular to the plane. Then,
Mg sin   Ma
 a  g sin 
Also, N  Mg cos
Now solve: What minimum force should be applied by external agent, to keep this block in equilibrium?
Ans. Mg sin up the incline plane.
Example 8: A block with mass m kept on a frictionless inclined plane inclined at angle  , as shown in figure. If
the plane is accelerated to the right with the proper acceleration that causes the block to remain at the
same position with respect to the inclined plane, what is the normal force between the block and the
plane?
m
a

JEE [12]
Solution: Since the plane is frictionless, the only forces acting on the block are gravity and the normal
force, as shown in following figure:
N
Ncos

Nsin

mg
Since the block's acceleration is horizontal, the vertical component of the normal force must
equal mg, to yield zero net vertical force. Thus,
N cos  mg
N  mg / cos
Now Solve: Find the value of acceleration a.
Answer: g tan
Example 9: Two blocks of unequal masses M1 and M2 are suspended vertically over a frictionless pulley of
negligible mass as shown in figure. Find accelerations of each block and tension in the string.
M1
M2
Solution: As the string is inextensible, the magnitude of acceleration of two blocks will be same. Pulley in
question is mass less and frictionless so tension in strings on two sides of pulley will be same.
Following are free body diagrams of the two blocks:
T T
a
a
M1 g M2 g
Applying Newton’s II law for the blocks,

For M1, M1 g – T  M1a ...(i)
For M2, T – M 2 g  M 2 a ...(ii)
(M1  M 2 ) g 2M1M 2
Solving equation (i) and (ii), a  and T  g
M1  M 2 M1  M 2
Now Solve: What force is applied by the rod on pulley? Will this force remain same if the pulley has mass?
4M 1M 2
Answer: g . No, the force will increase.
M1  M 2
JEE [13]
Example 10: A mass of 15 kg and another of mass 6 kg are attached to a pulley system as shown. A is a fixed
pulley while B is a movable pulley. Both are considered light and frictionless. Find the acceleration
of 15 kg mass.
6 kg B
15 kg
Solution Tension is the same throughout the string. It is clear from the following figure that, if the
acceleration of 15kg block is a upwards, 6kg block will have an acceleration 2a downwards:
2a
6 kg a
6 kg
15 kg 15 kg
Now using free body diagrams:
T1 T2
T1 T1
6kg 2a a 15kg
60N
150N T2
Now, 60N  T1  6kg(2a)
T2  150N  15kg  a 
And, 2T1  T2  0 [As pulley B is massless]
Solving, 2  60  12a   150  15a   0
30  39a  0
10
a m/s 2
13
The negative sign implies that the considered direction of acceleration is to be reversed.
Now Solve: Repeat the question considering masses of each block to be 6kg.
Answer: 2m/s2
JEE [14]
41. Draw free body diagram of following objects under their normal operation:
(i) A person (object 1) standing on surface of earth (object 2) with a bucket of water (object 3)
holding in his hand.
(ii) A ceiling fan while it is switched off and while it is switched on separately.
(iii) A box (object 1) kept inside an elevator which is accelerated upwards.
(iv) The part of solar system consists of the sun (object 1), the earth (object 2) and the moon (object 3)
(v) A bird (object 1) flying horizontally with constant velocity.
42. Is it true that if a stopped bus starts to accelerate, a person inside bus is thrown backwards relative to
ground?
43. If you stand at rest on a bench, the bench exerts a normal force on you, equal and opposite to your
weight. Which force is related to this normal force by Newton's third law?
(A) The gravitational force from the earth on you
(B) The gravitational force from you on the earth
(C) The normal force from you on the bench
44. When you stand at rest on a floor, you exert a downward normal force on the floor. Does this force
cause the earth to accelerate in the downward direction?
(A) Yes, but the earth is very massive, so you don't notice the motion
(B) Yes, but you accelerate along with the earth, so you don't notice the motion
(C) No, because the normal force isn't real force
(D) No, because you are also pulling on the earth gravitationally
45. Forces acting on a block of mass mo are as shown. Using free body diagram, find acceleration of block
2
m0 and the normal force N applied by the surface in the following figures: (Take g = 10 m/s )
m0 m0
20 N 4N 20 N
(i) (ii)
m0 = 2 kg m0 = 2 kg
20 N 20 N
m0 m0
6N 37°
(iii) 37° (iv)
m0 = 2 kg m0 = 2 kg
20 N 25 N 20 N
m0 m0
6N 37° (vi) 53° 37°
(v)
m0 = 2 kg m0 = 4 kg
JEE [15]
m0 40 N
m0
(vii) (viii)
53° 37°
m0 = 2.4mkg
0 = 2kg m0 = 2 kg
20 N m0
m0
30 N
(ix) (x)
10 N
37° 7
30°
m0 = 2 kg m0 = 3 kg
20 N
10 N
m0
m0 30 N
(xi) (xii)
37°
60°
m0 = 3 kg
m0 = 3 kg
46. Find normal force on block of mass m0 on vertically accelerated surface.
m0
4 m/s2 m0
2 m/s2
(i) (ii)
m0 = 2 kg
m0 = 2 kg
10 N
m0
(iii) 3 m/s2
m0 = 4 kg
47. Find tension T in the figure and acceleration of mass m0. Thread shown in mass-less.
m0 20 N
20 N m0
37°
(i) (ii)
m0  2 kg, m1  4 kg m0  2 kg, m1  4 kg
50 N
m1 50 N
m0
20 N m1
37°
(iii) 10 N (iv) (v) m0
m0
m0  2 kg, m1  4 kg 37°
37°
m0  2 kg, m1  4kg
m0  2 kg, m1  4kg
JEE [16]
48. Find tension T in the figure and acceleration of mass m1. Pulley and thread shown are mass-less.
m0 20 N m0
(i) (ii) (iii)

m1 m1 m1
m2
m0  4 kg, m1  3 kg m0  2 kg, m1  4 kg
m1  1 kg, m2  4 kg
80 N 20 N
m1
(iv) (v) (vi)

m2
m1 m1 53°
m2 m2
m1  1 kg, m2  4kg
m1  1 kg, m2  4 kg m1  2 kg, m2  4 kg
49. A helicopter of mass 1000 kg rises with a vertical acceleration of 15ms 2 . The crew and the passengers
weigh 300 kg. Give the magnitude and direction of the
(i) force on floor by the crew and passengers
(ii) force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air, (Take g  10ms2 )
50. In the system shown in figure, the ground is frictionless, the blocks have mass m and 2m, and the string
connecting them is mass-less. If you accelerate the system to the right, as shown, why does the tension
same everywhere throughout the string connecting the masses?
T
m 2m
51. Two persons pull on opposite ends of a rope, each with a force F. What is tension in the rope?
52. Two blocks of masses M1 and M2 are placed in contact with each other on a frictionless horizontal
surface as shown in figure. Two constant forces F1 and F2 are applied on M1 and M2 as shown. Find
magnitude of acceleration of the system. Also calculate the contact force between the blocks.
F1
M1 M2 F2
53. Natural length of a spring is 6cm. A force of 10N is to be applied to stretch its length to 8cm. Find
spring constant of the spring. Also find the force required to compress its length to 5cm.
54. A block of mass M is suspended with the help of a spring balance. The spring balance is attached to the
ceiling of an elevator moving with upward acceleration a0 as shown in figure. What is reading of spring
balance?
a0
55. A block of mass M is suspended through a light string. A horizontal force F  3 Mg is applied at the
middle point of string. Under equilibrium, find the angle of the upper part of string with the vertical and
tension in two parts of string.
JEE [17]
56. A monkey of mass 40 kg climbs on a rope which can stand a maximum tension of 600 N. In which of
the following cases will the rope break: the monkey
(A) climbs up with an acceleration of 6ms 2 (B) falls down with an acceleration of 4ms 2
(C) climbs up with a uniform speed of 5ms 1 (D) falls down the rope nearly freely under gravity
(Ignore the mass of the rope) and take g = 10 ms–2.
57. Consider the following diagram assuming pulley and string to be mass less and frictionless. If the
system is released from given situation:
2kg 3kg 4m
(i) Find acceleration of each block.

(ii) Find tension in string.
(iii) Find force applied by clamp on the pulley.
(iv) Find the time after which 3kg block hits ground.
(v) Find maximum height achieved by 2kg block above ground.
(vi) Assuming the 3kg block rebounds without change in speed, find the time after collision when
string again become tight.
58. A rope of length L and mass M is hanging from a rigid support. The tension in the rope at a distance x
from the rigid support is
Lx  L  x
Mg
(A) Mg (B)   Mg (C)   Mg (D)
 L  Lx L
59. Ten coins are placed on top of each other on a horizontal table. If the mass of each coin is 10 g and
acceleration due to gravity is 10ms 2 , what is the magnitude and direction of the force on the 7th coin
(counted from the bottom) due to all the coins above it?
(A) 0.3 N downwards (B) 0.3 N upwards (C) 0.7 N downward (D) 0.7 N upwards
JEE [18]
60. A light string going over a clamped pulley of mass m supports a block of mass M as shown in the figure.
The force on the pulley by the clamp is given by
 M  m  m2  M  m M2
2 2
(A) 2Mg (B) 2mg (C) g (D) g
61. A 20 kg monkey slides down a vertical rope with a constant acceleration of 7 ms2 . If g  10ms2 , what
is the tension in the rope?
(A) 140 N (B) 100 N (C) 60 N (D) 30 N
62. A mass is hanging on a spring balance which is kept in a lift. The lift ascends with increasing speed. The
spring balance will show in its reading
(A) increased (B) decreased
(C) unchanged (D) change will depend upon velocity
63. A body of mass 2kg is hung on a spring balance mounted vertically in a lift. If the lift moves up with an
acceleration equal to the acceleration due to gravity, the reading on the spring balance will be
(A) 2 kg (B) 2  g kg (C) 4  g kg (D) 4 kg
64. A monkey is descending from the branch of a tree with a constant acceleration. If the breaking strength
of the branch is 75% of the weight of the monkey, the minimum acceleration with which the monkey
can slide down without breaking the branch is
(A) g (B) 3g / 4 (C) g / 2 (D) g / 4
65. The pendulum hanging from the ceiling of a railway carriage makes an angle 30° with the vertical when
it is accelerating. The acceleration of the carriage is
3 2 g
(A) g (B) g (C) g 3 (D)
2 3 3
66. Three equal weights A, B and C of mass 2 kg each are hanging on a string passing over a fixed pulley
which is frictionless as shown in figure. The tension in the string connecting weight B and C is (Take g
= 9.8 m/s2)
A B
(A) zero (B) 13 N (C) 3.3 N (D) 19.6 N

67. Consider an elevator moving downwards with an acceleration a, the force exerted by a passenger of
mass m on the floor of the elevator is
(A) ma (B) ma – mg (C) mg – ma (D) mg + ma
JEE [19]
68. Two masses M 1 and M 2 are attached to the ends of a string which passes over a pulley attached to the
top of an inclined plane. The angle of inclination of the plane is 30° and M1  10kg, M 2  5kg. What is
the acceleration of mass M 2 ?
M1
M2

(A) 10m/s 2 (B) 5m/s 2 (C) Zero (D) Data insufficient

69. A force of 50 N is required to push a car on a level road with constant speed of 10ms 1 . The mass of the
car is 500 kg. What forces should be applied to make the car accelerate at 1ms2 ?
(A) 450 N (B) 500 N (C) 550 N (D) 2500 N
70. When a force F acts on a body of mass m, the acceleration produced in the body is a. If three mutually
perpendicular forces each having magnitude F act on the same body as shown in figure, the acceleration
produced is
F1
90°
135° F2
m
F3
(A) 3a (B) ( 2  1)a (C) 2a (D) a

71. A balloon of weight w is falling vertically downward with a constant acceleration a( g ). The
magnitude of the air resistance is
 a  a a
(A) w (B) w 1   (C) w 1   (D) w
 g  g g
72. In the arrangement shown in the figure. The pulley has a mass 3m. Neglecting friction on the contact
surface, the force exerted by the supporting rope AB on the ceiling is
A
B
m
2m
(A) 6mg (B) 3mg (C) 4mg (D) None of these
JEE [20]
73. Consider the shown arrangement. Assume all surfaces to be smooth. If N represents magnitudes of
normal reaction between block and wedge, then acceleration of M along horizontal is equal to
y
m
x
M

N sin  N cos
(A) (along + ve x-axis) (B) (along – ve x-axis)
M M
N sin  N sin 
(C) (along –ve x-axis) (D) (along – ve x-axis)
M mM
74. In the above problem, normal reaction between ground and wedge will have magnitude equal to
(A) N cos  Mg (B) N cos  Mg  mg (C) N cos  Mg (D) N sin   Mg  mg
75. Find the force exerted by 5 kg block on floor of lift, as shown in figure. (Take g = 10 m/s2)
5 m/s2
2 kg
5 kg
(A) 100 N (B) 115 N (C) 105 N (D) 135 N
1
76. In the figure, pulleys are smooth and string are massless, m1  1 kg and m2  kg. To keep m3 at rest,
3
mass m3 should be
m3
m1
m2
2 1
(A) 1kg (B) kg (C) kg (D) 2kg
3 4
JEE [21]
ANSWER KEY
41. 49. (i) 7500 N downward;
42. No (ii) 32500 N upwards
43. C 50. Because string is mass-less
44. D 51. F
45. (i) 10m/s 2 ; 20N (ii) 8m/s2 ; 20N F1  F2 M 2 F1  M1F2
52. ;
M1  M 2 M1  M 2
(iii) 8m/s2 ; 8N (iv) 5m/s2 ; 8N
53. 500 N/m; 5 N
(v) 11m/s2 ; 32N (vi) 7.6m/s2 ; 32N
54. M(g + ao)/g
(vii) 8m/s 2 ; 12N (viii) 14m/s 2 ; 16N
55. 60°; Mg; 2Mg
2 2
(ix) 1m/s ; 16N (x) 2m/s ; 42N 56. A
2
(xi) 4m/s ; 16N 57. (i) 2m/s2; (ii) 24N; (iii) 48N; (iv) 2s;
20 (v) 8.8m; (vi) 0.8s
(xii) m/s 2 ; 20 3N
3 58. (B)
46. (i) 28N (ii) 16N (iii) 18N 59. (A)
20 10 60. (D)
47. (i) T  N; a  m/s2
3 3 61. (C)
16 8 62. (A)
(ii) T  N; a  m/s2
3 3 63. (D)
(iii) T  12 N; a  1m/s2 64. (D)

65. (D)
50 7
(iv) T  N; a  m/s 2 66. (B)
3 3
67. (C)
40 2
(v) T  N; a  m/s
2
3 3 68. (C)
69. (C)
30 120
48. (i) a  m/s2 ; T  N
7 7 70. (A)
10 80 71. (C)
(ii) a  m/s 2 ; T  N
3 3 72. (D)
(iii) a  6m/s2 ; T  16N 73. (C)

74. (A)
(iv) a  30m/s2 ; T  40N
75. (C)
(v) a  5m/s ; T  10N2
76. (A)
(vi) a  6.4m/s ; T  14.4N
2
JEE [22]
4. Validity of Newton’s laws
All analysis of motion of an object is performed with some frame of reference. Frame of references can
be categorized in two categories:
4.1 Inertial Frame: If in a frame, an isolated object continuously moves with constant velocity then
the frame is said to be an Inertial frame. In other words, a frame of reference in which Newton’s
first law of motion holds is called inertial frame of reference.
4.2 Non-Inertial Frame: A frame of reference which is accelerated relative to any inertial frame of
reference is called non-inertial frame of reference.
Newton’s laws of motion hold under following conditions:
(i) The frame of reference for the observation of the object must be inertial frame of
reference.
(ii) All velocities of objects under observation should have negligible speeds in comparison to
speed of light.
4.3 Working with laws of motion in non-inertial frame: Newton’s laws of motion are not valid in
its true form if the observations are made from a non-inertial frame of reference. For instance, if
an object kept on smooth ground is observed by driver of an accelerated car, then relative to
driver object is accelerated opposite to acceleration of car without action of any external force
on the object, which contradicts with Newton’s first law. In order to avoid such problems, we
assume fictitious force (Pseudo force) acting on the object in opposite direction to the
acceleration of the driver.
In general case, while using Newton’s laws from a non-inertial frame of reference which has

acceleration a relative to any other inertial frame, we assume imaginary forces (called Pseudo
force) acting on each object. This pseudo force acting on an object of mass m is given by:
 
F  ma
The negative sign indicates that the direction of pseudo force is opposite to the direction of
acceleration of the considered frame of reference.
Example 11: A block slides down from top of a smooth inclined plane of inclination  fixed in an elevator
going up with an acceleration ao. The base of incline has length L. Find the time taken by the
block to reach the bottom.
ao

L
JEE [23]
Solution Let us solve the problem in the elevator frame. The free body force diagram is shown. The
forces are
(i) Normal N : on the block due to the inclined plane
(ii) Weight mg : action vertically down
(iii) Pseudo force ma0 : to keep the Newton’s law working from elevator frame.
N
a
mg sin 
mg cos 
W 
mao sin  W
mao cos 
W mg W
mao
If a is the acceleration of the body with respect to incline, taking components of forces parallel
to the incline and perpendicular to incline
mg sin   ma0 sin   ma
 a   g  a0  sin 
This is the acceleration with respect to elevator.
The distance traveled is L . If t is the time for reaching the bottom of incline
cos
L 1
 0  ( g  a0 )sin  t 2
cos 2
1/ 2
 2L 
t 
 ( g  a0 )sin  cos  
Now Solve: For what value of vertical acceleration a will the block never reach bottom of the inclined
plane?
Answer: g downwards.
Example 12: All the surfaces shown in figure are assumed to be frictionless. The block of mass m slides on
the prism which in turn slides backward on the horizontal surface. Find the acceleration of the
smaller block with respect to the prism.
m
M 
Solution: Let the acceleration of the prism be a0 in the backward direction. Consider the motion of the
smaller block from the frame of the prism.
The forces on the block are
(i) N normal force, (ii) mg downward (gravity), (iii) mao forward (pseudo force)
JEE [24]
N N1
Mao
N
mg
 
Mg
(a) (b)
The block slides down the plane. components of the forces parallel to the incline give
ma0 cos  mg sin   ma
or a  a0 cos  g sin  . ...(i)
Components of the force perpendicular to the incline give
N  ma0 sin   mg cos ...(ii)
Now consider the motion of the prism from the lab frame. No pseudo force is needed as the
frame used is inertial. The forces are (figure)
(i) Mg downward,
(ii) N normal to the incline (by the block),

(iii) N1 upward (by the horizontal surface).
Horizontal components give,
N sin   Ma0 or, N  Ma0 / sin  . ...(iii)
Putting in (ii)
Ma0
 ma0 sin   mg cos
sin 
mg sin  cos
or, a0 
M  m sin 2 
Mg sin  cos2  ( M  m) g sin 

From (i), a   g sin   .
M  m sin 
2
M  m sin 2 
Now Solve: Find the value of Normal force applied by the ground surface on the prism.
 m cos 2  
Answer: Mg 1  
 M  m sin  
2
Example 13: If the pulley is massless and moves with an upward acceleration a0 , find the acceleration of m1
and m2 w.r.t. to elevator.
a0
m1
m2
JEE [25]
Solution: Solving problem from non-inertial frame of reference, let us build the equations by using
Newton's second law sitting on the accelerating pulley. Hence, we impose pseudo force m1a0 
and m2 a0  on both m1 and m2 , respectively, in addition to the upward tension and their weights
m1 g  and m2 g , respectively. If m1 accelerates up relative to the pulley, m2 must accelerate
down relative to the pulley with acceleration a.
T T
a
m1 m2 a
m1g m2g
m1a0 m2 a 0
FBD of the m1 and m2 as seen
from observer in elevator
Force equation:
For m1 : T  m1 g  m1a0  m1a ...(i)
For m2 : m2 g  m2 a0  T  m2 a ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we have

m2  m1
a ( g  a0 )
m1  m2
Now Solve: Solve the same problem relative to ground frame of reference.
5. Miscellaneous application of Newton’s Laws
The previously discussed Newton’s laws of motion can be applied in different situations and directions
to obtain equation of motion of different bodies. The procedure is simple, yet number of equations can
be large, making the problem complex. Following examples illustrate the procedure.
Example 14: Three blocks of masses m1 , m2 and m3 are connected as shown in the figure. All the surfaces are
frictionless and the string and the pulleys are light. Find the acceleration of m1 .
m1 A
m2
m3
Solution: Suppose the acceleration of m1 is a0 towards right. That will also be the downward acceleration
of the pulley B because the string connecting m1 and B is constant in length. Also the string
connecting m2 and m3 has a constant length. This implies that the decrease in the separation
between m2 and B. So, the upward acceleration of m2 with respect to B equals the downward
acceleration of m2 with respect to B. Let this acceleration (acceleration of m2 with respect to B)
be a.
JEE [26]
The acceleration of m2 with respect to the ground  a0  a (downward) and the acceleration of
m3 with respect to the ground  a0  a (downward).
These accelerations will be used in Newton's laws. Let the tension be T in the upper string and
T' in the lower string. Consider the motion of the pulley B.
a0
m1 A
T
B
T'
m2
a0 – a
m3
The forces on this light pulley are

(a) T upwards by the upper string and
(b) 2T' downwards by the lower string.
As the mass of the pulley is negligible,
2T ' T  0
giving T ' T /2 ...(i)
Motion of m1 :
The acceleration is a0 in the horizontal direction. The forces on m1 are
(a) T by the string (horizontal)
(b) m1 g by the earth (vertically downwards) and
(c) N by the table (vertically upwards).
In the horizontal direction, the equation is
T  m1a0 ...(ii)
Motion of m2 : acceleration is a0  a in the downward direction. The forces on m2 are
(a) m2 g downward by the earth and
(b) T '  T / 2 upward by the string. Thus
T
m3 g  2
 m3 (a0  a) ...(iii)
We want to calculate a0 , so we shall eliminate T and a from (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Putting T from (ii) in (iii) and (iv),
m g  m1a0 / 2 ma
a0  a  2 g 1 0
m2 2m2
m3 g  m1a0 / 2 ma
and a0  a  g 1 0
m3 2m3
m1a0  1 1 
Adding, 2a0  2 g    
2  m2 m3 
m1a0  1 1 
or, a0  g   
4  m2 m3 
JEE [27]
 m  1 1 
or, a0 1  1     g
 4  m2 m3  
g
or, a0 
m1  1 1 
1
  
4  m2 m3 
Now Solve: Solve the same example considering a frame relative to the pulley B as solver in previous
Example 13. Also solve question 39 of previous In-Chapter exercise using the result obtained in
this example.
Example 15: A light rope fixed at one end of a wooden clamp on the ground passes over a tree branch and
hangs on the other side. It makes an angle of 30° with the ground. A man weighing (60 kg)
wants to climb up the rope. The wooden clamp can come out of the ground if an upward force
greater than 360 N is applied to it. Find the maximum acceleration in the upward direction with
which the man can climb safely. Neglect friction at the tree branch. Take g  10 m/s2
Solution: Let T be the tension in the rope. The upward force on the clamp is T sin30  T / 2. The
maximum tension that will not detach the clamp from the ground is, therefore, given by
T
 360 N
2
or, T  720 N .
If the acceleration of the man in the upward direction is a, the equation of motion of the man is
T  600 N  (60kg)a
The maximum acceleration of the man for safe climbing is, therefore
720 N  600 N
a  2m/s 2
60kg
Now Solve: Repeat the previous problem if the force required for the wooden clamp to come out is 720N.
Answer: 14 m/s2
Example 16: Find the acceleration of the block of mass M in the situation shown in the figure. All the
surfaces are frictionless and the pulleys and the string are light.
30°
2M
JEE [28]
Solution: Following are required free body diagrams:
2T
T
N
mg cos 30°
mg sin 30°
mg
2mg
2Ma  Mg sin   T  0
 T  2Ma  Mg sin  ...(i)
Now 2T  2Ma  2Mg  0
From equation (i),
2  2Ma  Mg sin    2Ma  2Mg  0
 4Ma  2Mg sin   2Ma  2Mg  0
 6Ma  2Mg sin30  2Mg  0
 6Ma  Mg
g
 a
6
Hence acceleration of mass,
g g
M  2a  2   up the plane.
6 3
Example 17: Find the mass M of the hanging block in figure which will prevent the smaller block from
slipping over the triangular block. All the surfaces are frictionless and the strings and the pulleys
are light.
m
M'

Solution: Free body diagram
JEE [29]
N
Ncos

T
Nsin

mg Mg
Since the block m does not slip over M' , the block of mass m is in vertical equilibrium. Using
Newton's laws for the block,
N cos  mg and N sin   ma
 a  g tan 
This determined acceleration is for the block as well as of the triangular wedge and the block
hanging from the string. Applying Newton's law to the block and the triangular wedge
simultaneously,
T   M ' m  g tan  
And for the hanging block,
Mg  T  M  a 
Solving the above two equations,
M ' M
Mg  (M ' M ) g tan   Mg tan   M
cot   1
Now Solve: In the above example, what should be value of M such that the triangular wedge remains
stationary on the surface?
Answer: m sin  cos

Example 18: A small, light pulley is attached with a block C of mass 4 kg as shown in figure. Block B of
mass
1.5 kg is placed on the top horizontal surface of C. Another block A of mass 2 kg is hanging
from a string, attached with B and passing over the pulley. Taking g  10ms2 and neglecting
friction, calculate the acceleration of each block when the system is released from rest.
A
12.5 cm
JEE [30]
Solution: Let vertically downward component of acceleration of A be a and let acceleration of C be c
(rightward).
Then horizontal component of acceleration of A is c (rightward) and acceleration of B, relative
to C is a (leftward). Hence, resultant acceleration of B is, ( a  c ) leftward.
Now considering free body diagrams
T N
1.5 (a – c) 1.5 g
4g
T
H A T B H
2c 2a 2c
N
2g
V 4c
(a) (b) (c)
For block A,
H  2c
2 g  T  2a
For horizontal forces on block B,

T  1.5(a  c)
For horizontal forces on block C,
T  H  4c
From above equations,
A  6.25ms2 and c  1.25ms2
Vertical acceleration of A  a  6.25ms2 (downward)
Horizontal acceleration of A  c  1.25ms2 (rightward)
Acceleration of B   a  c   5.00ms2 (leftward)
Acceleration of C  c  1.25ms2 (rightward)
Now Solve: What force should be applied on the block C such that blocks A and B remain stationary relative
to block C?
Answer: 100N Leftwards
JEE [31]
77. A body of mass 25 kg is suspended with the help of strings as shown in figure. Find tension in three
strings. Strings are light and g = 10 m/s2.
a 37° 53° c
b
d
25 kg
78. The person keeps himself stationary on the plank while pulling the string connected to plank itself.
Assuming mass of person to be m and mass of plank to be M, find the force with which person should
pull the string in each of the following situations:
79. In the system shown below, friction and mass of the pulley are negligible. Find the acceleration of m2 if
m1 = 300g, m2 = 500g and F = 1.50N.
F
M1 M2
80. Consider the situation shown in figure, both the pulleys and the string are light and all the surfaces are
frictionless.
2M B A
M
(i) Find the acceleration of the mass M.
(ii) Find the tension in the string.
(iii) Calculate the force exerted by the clamp on the pulley A in the figure.
81. Find the acceleration of the block of mass M in the situation shown in figure. All the surfaces are
frictionless and the pulleys and the string are light. Consider the triangular wedge to be fixed in its
position.
30°
2M
JEE [32]
82. Find the mass M of the hanging block in figure which will prevent the smaller block from slipping over
the triangular block. All the surfaces are frictionless and the strings and the pulleys are light.
m
M' 
M
83. All of the surfaces in the setup in figure are frictionless. The larger wedge of mass M is given an
acceleration a. For what value of a, there is no relative motion among the masses?
m1
M
m2
a
84. A 60 kg painter stands on a 15 kg platform. A rope attached to the platform and passing over an
overhead pulley allows the painter to raise himself and the platform.
(i) To get started, he pulls the rope down with force of 400 N. Find the acceleration of the platform
as well as that painter.
(ii) What force must he exert on the rope so as to attain an upward speed of 1 m/s in 1s.
(iii) What force should he apply now to maintain the constant speed of 1 m/s.
85. In figure you support the pulley system, with your hand at rest. If you have your eyes closed and think
that you are instead supporting a single mass M at rest, what is M in terms of m1 and m2 ? Is M simply
equal to m1  m2 ? In what case will answer become m1  m2 ?
m1 m2
86. Two masses m1and m2 are connected by means of a light string that passes over a light pulley as shown
in the figure. If m1 = 2kg and m2 = 5kg and a vertical force F is applied on the pulley then find the
acceleration of the masses and that of the pulley when
F
m1 m2
(i) F = 35 N (ii) F = 70 N (iii) F = 140 N
JEE [33]
87. Find the acceleration of the blocks A and B in the three situations shown in figure.
2 kg
4 kg
A
2 kg
B 5 kg A
5 kg 1 kg B
B
(i) (ii) (iii)

88. A small cubical block is placed on a triangular block M so that they touch each other along a smooth
inclined contact plane as shown in figure. The inclined surface makes an angle  with the horizontal. A
force F is to be applied on the block m in horizontal direction so that the two bodies move without
slipping against each other. Assume floor to be smooth. Determine the
F
m
M

(a) normal force with which m and M press against each other.
(b) magnitude of external force F. Express your answers in terms of m,  , and g.
89. A block of mass 1 kg is kept on the tilted floor of a lift moving down with 3ms1 . If the block is
released from rest as shown, what will be the time taken by block to reach the bottom? what is the
normal reaction on the block during the motion?
2.1 m
3 m/s2
37°
90. Wedge of mass M is placed on a weighing machine. The wedge remains stationary. A block of mass m is
placed on it. There is no friction between the wedge and the block. Find the weight recorded by the
machine.
m
M

3
91. A sphere of mass m is held between two smooth inclined walls. If sin 37  , find the normal reaction
5
of the wall (2).
(2)
(1)
37°
37°
JEE [34]
92. Two blocks of mass 5 kg and 3 kg are attached to the ends of a string passing over a smooth pulley fixed
to the ceiling of an elevator. a man inside the elevator accelerated upwards, finds the acceleration of the
9
blocks to be g . Find the acceleration of the elevator.
32
93. Block B has mass m and is released from rest when it is on top of wedge A, which has a mass 3m.
Determine the tension in cord CD needed to hold the wedge from moving while B is sliding down A.
Neglect friction.
D C
 A
mg mg
(A) 2mg cos (B) cos (C) sin 2 (D) mg sin 2
2 2
94. In the following arrangement, the system is initially at rest. The 5-kg block is now released. Assuming
the pulleys and string to be massless and smooth, the acceleration of block C will be
5 kg A
10 kg B C 8 kg
(A) Zero (B) 2.5 ms 2 (C) 10/7 ms 2 (D) 5/7 ms 2

95. A block is lying on the horizontal frictionless surface. One end of a uniform rope is fixed to the block
which is pulled in the horizontal direction by applying a force F at the other end. If the mass of the rope
is half the mass of the block, the tension in the middle of the rope will be
(A) F (B) 2 F/3 (C) 3 F/5 (D) 5 F/6
96. Two particles A and B, each of mass m, are kept stationary by applying a horizontal force F  mg on
particle B as shown in figure. Then
O
 T1
T2

F = mg
(A) 2tan   tan  (B) 2T1  5T2 (C) T1 2  T2 5 (D) None of these
97. A particle of small mass m is joined to a very heavy body by a light sting passing over a light pulley.
Both bodies are free to move. The total downward force on the pulley is:
(A) mg (B) 2 mg (C) 4 mg (D) >> mg
JEE [35]
98. A block of mass m1 lies on the top of fixed wedge as shown in figure. (a) and another block of mass m2
lies on top of wedge which is free to move as shown in figure. (b) At time t  0, both the blocks are
released from rest from a vertical height h above the respective horizontal surface on which the wedge is
placed as shown. There is no friction between block and wedge in both the figures. Let T1 and T2 be the
time taken by the blocks, respectively, to just reach the horizontal surface. Then
m1 m1
h h
Fixed wedge
 
(a) Horizontal surface (b) Smooth horizontal surface
(A) T1  T2 (B) T1  T2 (C) T1  T2 (D) Data insufficient

99. In the situation shown in figure, all the strings are light and inextensible and pullies are light. There is no
friction at any surface and all blocks are of cuboidal shape. A horizontal force of magnitude F is applied
to right most free end of string in both cases shown in the figure. At the instant shown, the tension in all
strings are non-zero. Let the magnitudes of acceleration of large blocks (of mass M) in figure (a) and
figure (b) be a1 and a2 , respectively. Then,
m m
M1 m M2
F F
Smooth horizontal Smooth horizontal
surface surface
(A) a1  a2  0 (B) a1  a2  0 (C) a1  a2 (D) a1  a2

100. In the system of pulleys shown what should be the value of m1 such that 100 gm remains at rest:
(Take g = 10 m/s2)
P1
m1
P2
200 gm
100 gm
(A) 180 gm (B) 160 gm (C) 100 gm (D) 200 gm
101. In the system shown, the initial acceleration of the wedge of mass 5 M is (there is no friction anywhere):
5M 2M
2M
(A) Zero (B) 2g/23 (C) 3g/23 (D) None

JEE [36]
102. A heavy spherical ball is constrained in a frame as shown in figure. The inclined surface is smooth. The
maximum acceleration with which the frame can move without causing the ball to leave the frame:
30°
g
(A) g / 2 (B) g 3 (C) (D) g 2
3
103. In the arrangement shown, the pulleys are smooth and the strings are inextensible. The acceleration of block
B is:
m A
m B
(A) g / 5 (B) 5 g / 5 (C) 2 g / 5 (D) 2 g / 3

104. The figure shows a block of mass m placed on a smooth wedge of mass M. Calculate the value of M' and
tension in the string, so that the block of mass m will move vertically downward with acceleration g:
(g = 10 m/s2)
m
M

Smooth
M'
M cot  M cot
(A) the value M ' is (B) the value M ' is
1  cot  1  tan 
Mg Mg
(C) the value of tension in the string is (D) the value of tension is
tan  cot 
105. Figure shows two blocks, each of mass m. The system is released from rest. If accelerations of blocks
A and B at any instant (not initially) are a1 and a2 , respectively, then
a2 a1

(A) a1  a2 cos (B) a2  a1 cos (C) a1  a2 (D) None of these
JEE [37]
106. In figure, the blocks A, B, and C of mass m each have acceleration a1 , a2 , and a3 , respectively. F1 and
F2 are external forces of magnitude 2mg and mg, respectively. Then
m m 2m
m m
A B C
F1=2 mg F2= mg
(A) a1  a2  a3 (B) a1  a2  a3 (C) a1  a2  a3 (D) a1  a2  a3
ANSWER KEY
77. 150N; 200N; 250N 2 g

(iii) g downward, upward
(mM ) (mM ) (mM ) 3 3
78. g; g; g
2 3 4 mg mg
0.88m/s2 88. ;  m  M  tan 
79. cos M
2g Mg 89. 1s, 5.6 N
80. (i) ; (ii) Mg 3 ; (iii) 2
3 3 90. Mg  mg cos2 
g
25mg
81. 3 up the plane 91. N1 sin 37  N2 sin 74
mM' 39
82. g
cot   1 92.
m2 8
83. g 93. (C)
m1
94. (B)
84. 0.67 m/s2; 412.5N; 375N 95. (D)
4m1m2 96. (C)
85. . No. If m1  m2 , i.e. when both
m1  m2 97. (C)
masses are also at rest. 98. (A)
86. (i) 0, 0, 0; (ii) 7.5 m/s2, 0, 3.75 m/s2; 99. (B)
(iii) 4 m/s2, 25 m/s2, 14.5 m/s2 100. (B)
2 g 101. (B)
87. (i) g downward, upward; 102. (C)
7 7
103. (C)
10 5
(ii) g forward, g downward ; 104. (B,C)
13 13 105. (D)
106. (A,C)
JEE [38]
6. Frictional Forces :
Due to molecular interaction between contact surfaces of two objects in contact, the surfaces develop a
tendency to remain together. Thus there exists a property of two surfaces in contact to avoid relative
slipping, and this property is called friction. The force developed between the contacts to avoid
slipping is called frictional force.
Following are two basic properties of frictional force from which we may estimate the direction of
frictional force:
(i) The direction of frictional force is tangential to the surface in contact.
(ii) The direction of friction is such that it tends to avoid the relative slipping at the contact.
In this chapter we will be dealing specifically with frictional forces developed between two solid dry
surfaces.
7. Types of frictional forces
The frictional forces developed between two solid surfaces in contact can be categorized in following
two categories:
7.1 Static friction: The type of friction between two surfaces when no relative slipping occurs
between the surfaces.
7.2 Kinetic friction: The type of friction between two surfaces when relative slipping occurs
between the surfaces.
Example 19: Mention the type and direction of frictional force acting on the box in the following diagram,
considering the box does not move.
Solution: The box is being pushed by the person, still the box does not move. From Newton’s laws we
can say the frictional force acting on the box must be horizontally towards the person. Since
there occurs no relative slipping between box and ground, the type of friction is static frictional
force.
Now Solve: Is there any frictional force developed between horizontal surface and the person? If yes, in
what direction?
Answer: Yes, horizontally towards the box.
8. Laws of friction
Consider two surfaces in contact where the normal force applied by each other has a magnitude
N.
(i) If the two surfaces are slipping over each other then the force of friction (the kinetic frictional
force) has a magnitude directly proportional to N. Thus,
f kinetic  N
f kinetic  k N
The dimensionless term k is called co-efficient of kinetic friction and depends on roughness of
the surfaces. The direction of this frictional force on first surface is opposite to velocity of first
surface observed relative to the second surface.
(ii) If the two surfaces are not slipping over each other, then the force of friction (the static frictional
force) develops to ensure there occurs no relative slipping between the surfaces. The maximum
magnitude of this static frictional force is directly proportional to N. Thus,
fstatic  s N
JEE [39]
The dimensionless term s is called co-efficient of kinetic friction and depends on roughness of
the surfaces in contact.
Example 20: A block of mass M  10kg is placed at rest on a horizontal surface as shown in the figure. The
coefficient of static and kinetic frictions between the block and the surface are s  0.30 and
k  0.25 . The block is pulled with a horizontal force F.
F
Find the magnitude of the friction if

(i) F  20N (ii) F  40N
Solution: The maximum value of static friction force that can develop between the block and surface is:
f max   s N  s Mg
or f max    0.30100N   30N

(i) Here the requirement of frictional force to keep the block at rest is 20N. Since this is
less than the maximum static friction, this required value of friction will act on the
block.
(ii) Here the requirement of frictional force to keep the block at rest is 40N. Since this is
more than the maximum static friction, this required value of friction will not act on the
block and the block will start slipping on the given surface. The frictional force acting
will be of kinetic nature and is given by:
f kinetic  0.2  Mg 
or f kinetic  0.2 100N   20N
Now Solve: If the value of of F is set to be 35N, find acceleration of the block.
Answer: 1m/s2
Example 21: The block shown is gently kept (kept at rest) on the moving conveyor belt as shown.
2kg s  0.5; k  0.4
4m/s
Find:
(i) The nature of frictional force acting on the block.
(ii) The magnitude and direction of frictional force acting on the block.
(iii) The time after which frictional force will stop to act.
Solution: (i) The surface on which the block is kept is moving. So relative slipping does occur
between belt and the block. Hence the nature of frictional force is kinetic.
(ii) The magnitude of frictional force is:
f kinetic  0.4  N   0.4  20N   8N
The direction of the frictional force will be opposite to the direction of velocity of the
block relative to the belt on which it is kept. Hence, frictional force on block will act in
the direction of velocity of upper belt relative to ground.
(iii) Due to the applied frictional force, the velocity of the block will increase with rate given
by:
8N
a  4m/s 2
2kg
JEE [40]
Hence, after 1s the velocity of the block will become equal to velocity of the belt.
Since no relative slipping is occurring after 1s, the frictional force will stop to act on
the block. After 1s, the block will move together with the belt with constant velocity
of 4m/s.
Now Solve: What is the direction of frictional force applied by block on the belt while sliding occurs? How
will the answer of above three parts be affected if (a) Mass of the block is 4kg (b) The velocity of
the belt is 2m/s.
Answer: Against the velocity of upper belt. (a) Answer of part (ii) will change (b) Answer of part (iii) will
change.
Example 22: A 100 kg block is to be uniformly moved over a horizontal surface by a force F applied at an
angle 30° to the horizontal. If the coefficient of friction between the load and the block is 0.3 find
F. [Take g = 10m/s2]
Solution: Following is the free body diagram of the block:
F sin 30° F
30°
F cos 30°
fk=N
Applying Newton’s laws considering the block to be moving with constant velocity:
N  Mg  F sin30
 N  F cos30
Solving,
3 1
F  0.3 (1000  F )
2 2
300  2
F  219.6 N
3 1
Now Solve: Assume a block of mass m kept of horizontal surface of co-efficient of friction . Find force F
required to slide the block uniformly if the force acts at an angle  from horizontal. For what
value of  is this required force F minimum? What is minimum value of F?
 mg  mg
Answer: ; tan 1 ;
cos   sin  1 2
JEE [41]
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE4
107. Can frictional force act in vertical direction?

108. If a person normally walks on ground, what is the nature of frictional force acting on the foot of person?
109. What is unit of co-efficient of friction?
110. A block weighing 2 kg rests on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block
and surface is 0.40 and kinetic friction is 0.20.
(i) How large is the friction force acting on the block ?
(ii) How large will the friction force be if a horizontal force of 5N is applied on the block ?
(iii) What is the minimum horizontal force that will start the block in motion?
111. A block of mass 2 kg is given horizontal velocity of 10m/s on a rough horizontal surface of co-efficient
of friction 0.4. Find the distance after which the block will stop.
112. A block of mass m is at rest on a rough inclined plane of inclination  as shown in the figure

(i) Find the force exerted by the inclined plane on the block.
(ii) What are the tangential and normal contact forces?
113. What is the value of friction f for the following value of applied force F ?
M F
(i) 1 N (ii) 2N (iii) 3 N (iv) 4 N (v) 20 N

Assume the coefficients of friction to be s  0.3; k  0.25. Mass of the body is m  1kg.
(Assume g  10ms2 )
114. A block weighing 20 N rests on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block
and surface is 0.4 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20.
(i) How much is the friction force exerted on the block?
(ii) How much will the friction force be if a horizontal force of 5 N is exerted on the block?
(iii) What is the minimum force that will start the block is motion?
(iv) What is the minimum force that will keep the block in motion once it has been started?
(v) If the horizontal force is 10 N, what is the friction force?
115. A box of bananas weighing 40.0 N rests on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction
between the box and the surface is 0.40 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20.
(a) If no horizontal force is applied to the box and the box is at rest, how large is the friction force
exerted on the box?
(b) What is the magnitude of the friction force if a monkey applies a horizontal force of 6.0 N to the
box and the box is initially at rest?
(c) What minimum horizontal force must the monkey apply to start the box is motion?
(d) What minimum horizontal force must the monkey apply to keep the box moving at constant
velocity once it has been started?
(e) If the monkey applies a horizontal force of 418.0 N, what is the magnitude of the friction force
and what is the box's acceleration?
JEE [42]
116. A block of mass 5 kg rests on a rough horizontal surface. It is found that a force of 10 N is required to
make the block just move. However, once the motion begins, a force of only 8 N is enough to maintain
the motion. Find the coefficients of kinetic and static friction between the block and the horizontal
surface.
5 kg F
117. A body of mass m is kept on a rough horizontal surface of friction coefficient m. A force P is applied
horizontally, but the body is not moving. Find the net force F exerted by the surface on the body.
118. Assuming each surface to be stationary, find the frictional force acting on the following blocks:
k  0.35 k  0.35
 s  0.4  s  0.4
(i) (ii)
10 kg 10 N 10 kg 50 N
10 N 250 10 N
s  k  0.3 s  k  0.3 N
(iii) (iv) 9
2 kg 8N 2 kg 10 N
m
37° k  s  0.6
(v) k  s  2tan  (vi)
 0.5 kg
119. Find the acceleration of following blocks:

  0.2 2 m/s
2 kg 10 N
  0.5
(i) (ii) 2 kg
4 m/s
2 m/s 2 kg
(iii)   0.4 (iv)   0.5
4 kg
37°
120. The coefficient of friction between the wall and the vertical wall is Find the minimum horizontal
force F to be applied on block as shown to keep the block stationary in its position.

F
M
121. The block shown is gently kept (kept at rest) on the moving conveyor belt as shown. Find time spent and
the distance traveled by block before relative slipping stops.
2kg   0.4
2m/s
JEE [43]
122. A block of mass 4kg on rough horizontal ground is given horizontal velocity of 10m/s as shown. A
constant force of 4N also acts on the block all the time.
10m/s
4N
4kg
0.4
(i) Draw frictional force v/s time graph for the block.
(ii) Draw velocity v/s time graph of the block.

123. A block of mass 4kg on rough horizontal ground is given horizontal velocity of 10m/s as shown. A
constant force of 12 N also acts on the block all the time.
10m/s
12N
4kg

(i) Draw frictional force v/s time graph for the block.
(ii) Draw velocity v/s time graph of the block.
(iii) Find velocity of the block after 4s.
124. Block A, as shown in figure, weighs 60.0 N. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the
surface on which it rests is 0.25. The weight W is 12.0 N and the system is in equilibrium.
45.0°
A
W
(i) Find the friction force exerted on block A.
(ii) Find the maximum weight W for which the system will remain in equilibrium.
125. To avoid slipping while walking on ice, one should take smaller steps because of the
(A) Friction of ice is large (B) Larger normal reaction
(C) Friction of ice is small (D) Smaller normal reaction
126. A block of mass 3 kg is at rest on a rough inclined plane as shown in the figure. The magnitude of net
force exerted by the surface on the block will be
3 kg
30°
(A) 15 3 N (B) 15 N (C) 10 N (D) 30 N
JEE [44]
127. A block of mass m is at rest on an inclined plane which is making angle  with the horizontal. The
coefficient of friction between the block and plane is  . Then the frictional force acting between the
surfaces is

(A)  mg (B)  mg sin 
(C)  (mg sin   mg cos ) (D) mg sin 
128. A 30 kg block rests on a rough horizontal surface. A force of 200 N is applied on the block. The block
acquires a speed of 4 m/s starting from rest in 2 s. What is the value of coefficient of friction?
(A) 10/3 (B) 3 /10 (C) 0.47 (D) 0.184
129. A 100 N force acts horizontally on a block of mass 10 kg placed on a horizontal rough table of
coefficient of friction   0.5. If g at the place is 10 ms 2 , the acceleration of the block is
(A) zero (B) 10 ms 2 (C) 5 ms2 (D) 5.2 ms2
130. A block of mass 2 kg is placed on the floor. The coefficient of static friction is 0.4. If a force of 2.8 N is
applied on the block parallel to the floor, the force of friction between the block and floor is (Take g = 10
ms–2)
(A) 2.8 N (B) 8 N (C) 2 N (D) zero
131. A 20 kg block is initially at rest on a rough horizontal surface. A horizontal force of 75N is required to
set the block in motion. After it is in motion, a horizontal force of 60 N is required to keep the block
moving with constant speed. The coefficient of static friction is
(A) 0.38 (B) 0.44 (C) 0.52 (D) 0.60
132. A block of mass m is given an initial downward velocity v0 and left on an inclined place (coefficient of
friction = 0.6). The block will
v0
30°
(A) continue to move down the plane with constant velocity v0
(B) accelerate downward (C) decelerate and come to rest
(D) first accelerate downward then decelerate
133. A wooden box of mass 8 kg slides down an inclined plane of inclination 30° to the horizontal with a
constant acceleration of 0.4 m/s2 . What is the force of friction between the box and inclined plane?
(Take g = 10 m/s2)
(A) 36.8 N (B) 76.8 N (C) 65.6 N (D) None of these
134. A block of mass 4 kg is placed on a rough horizontal plane. A time dependent force F  kt 2 acts on the
block, where k  2 N/s2 . Coefficient of friction   0.8. Force of friction between block and the plane at
t  2s is
(A) 8 N (B) 4 N (C) 2 N (D) 32 N
JEE [45]
135. A body is projected up a 45° rough incline. If the coefficient of friction is 0.5, then the retardation of the
block is
g g 3g g
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2 2 2
136. A block of 1 kg is stopped against a wall by applying a force F perpendicular to the wall. If   0.2
then minimum value of F will be
(A) 980 N (B) 49 N (C) 98 N (D) 490 N
137. A block of mass 0.1 kg is held against a wall applying a horizontal force of 5 N on the block. If the
coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is 0.5, the magnitude of the frictional force acting
on the block is
(A) 2.5 N (B) 0.98 N (C) 4.9 N (D) 0.49 N
138. A box is lying on an inclined plane what is the coefficient of static friction if the box starts sliding when
an angle of inclination is 60o
(A) 1.173 (B) 1.732 (C) 2.732 (D) 1.677
139. If a ladder weighing 250N is placed against a smooth vertical wall having coefficient of friction
between it and floor is 0.3, then what is the maximum force of friction available at the point of contact
between the ladder and the floor
(A) 75 N (B) 50 N (C) 35 N (D) 25 N
140. On a rough horizontal surface, a body of mass 2 kg is given a velocity of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of
friction is 0.2 and g  10m/s2 , the body will stop after covering a distance of
(A) 10 m (B) 25 m (C) 50 m (D) 250 m
141. A body of 10 kg is acted by a force of 129.4 N. The acceleration of the block is 10m/s 2 . If g  9.8m/s2
what is the coefficient of kinetic friction?
(A) 0.03 (B) 0.01 (C) 0.30 (D) 0.25
142. On the horizontal surface of a truck ( = 0.6), a block of mass 1 kg is placed. If the truck is accelerating
at the rate of 5m/s2 then frictional force on the block will be
(A) 5 N (B) 6 N (C) 5.88 N (D) 8 N
143. A block of mass M  5kg is resting on a rough horizontal surface for which the coefficient of friction is
0.2. When a force F  40 N is applied, the acceleration of the block will be ( g  10 m/s2 )
F
30°
(A) 5.73 m/s2 (B) 8.0 m/s2 (C) 3.17 m/s2 (D) 10.0m/s2
144. When a body is placed on a rough plane inclined at an angle  to the horizontal, its acceleration is
(A) g (sin   cos ) (B) g (sin    cos )
(C) g ( sin 1  cos ) (D) g  (sin   cos )
JEE [46]
ANSWER KEY
107. Yes 116. 0.2 and 0.16

108. Static
117. P 2  m2 g 2
109. No unit
110. (i) 0(ii) 5N (iii) 8 N 118. (i) 10 N (ii) 35 N (iii) 8 N (iv) 9 N
111. 12.5 m (v) mg sin  (vi) 40 N
 2
112. (i) F =  mg (ii) f = mg sin , N = mg cos  119. 3 ms , 5ms 2 , 4ms 2 , 2m/s 2
113. (i) 1 N; (ii) 2 N; (iii) 3 N; (iv) 2.5 N; (v) 2.5 120. mg
N 
114. (i) 0; (ii) 5 N; (iii) 8 N; (iv) 4 N; (v) 4 N 121. 0.5 s, 0.5 m
115. (i) 0; (ii) 6 N; (iii) 16 N; (iv) 8 N; (v) 8 N,
102.5 m/s2
122.
f v
10 ms–1
4N
(i) 2s
t (ii) tan   5
 t
–16 N 2s
123.
f v
+8 N tan   5
 2s
2s
t (ii)
(i)
(iii) 2ms 1
124. (i) 12 N; (ii) 15 N 135. (C)

125. (C) 136. (B)
126. (D) 137. (B)
127. (D) 138. (B)
128. (C) 139. (A)
129. (C) 140. (B)
130. (A) 141. (C)
131. (A) 142. (A)
132. (C) 143. (A)
133. (A) 144. (B)
134. (A)
JEE [47]
9. Frictional force as a contact force
When two bodies are kept in contact, the forces applied by their surfaces on each other are called
contact forces. The component of contact force perpendicular to the contact surface is the Normal
force while the other component of contact force along the contact surface can be considered as
frictional force.
The angle between the resultant contact force and the normal force exerted by a body on other is called
angle of friction.
Example 23: A body of mass 400 g slides on a rough horizontal surface. If the frictional force is 3.0 N, find
(i) The angle made by the contact force on the body with the vertical and
(ii) The magnitude of the contact force. Take g = 10 m/s2.
Solution: Let the contact force on the block by the surface be F which makes an angle  with the vertical
F N

The component of F perpendicular to the contact surface is the normal force N and the
component of F parallel to the surface is the friction f. As the surface is horizontal, N is
vertically upward. For vertical equilibrium:
N  Mg  (0.400kg)(10m/s2 )  4.0N
The frictional force is f  3.0N
f 3
(i) tan   
N 4
or   tan 1 (3/ 4)  37
(ii) The magnitude of the contact force is
F  N2  f 2 = (4.0 N)2  (3.0 N)2  5.0 N
Now Solve: If normal force applied by a surface of co-efficient of friction  is N , what can be maximum
contact force applied by the surface?
Answer: 1 2 N
Example 24: The angle between the resultant contact force and the normal force exerted by a body on the
other is called the angle of friction. Show that, if  be the angle of friction and  the coefficient
of static friction,   tan 1 .
Solution: As can be observed from diagram,
FC
N  
C
f
f
tan C 
N
Here N  mg and f   mg
 mg
Thus, tan C   C  tan 1   
mg
Now Solve: An object remains at rest on an incline plane of inclination . Find the angle of friction for the
contact between block and the incline.
Answer: 
JEE [48]
10. Working with laws of friction
10.1 To check occurrence of relative slipping: In a condition when it is not mentioned that
whether two blocks are slipping or not, we may following procedure to check
occurrence of relative slipping:
(i) Assume no relative slipping occurs between the blocks. With such assumption,
instantaneous velocity and acceleration of the two objects become same.
(ii) With given same velocity and acceleration, determine requirement of static
frictional force (say freq) using Newton’s laws.
(iii) If freq has a magnitude less than maximum permissible static frictional force fmax,
no relative slipping will occur. And the objects will move together without
slipping.
(iv) If freq has a magnitude more than maximum permissible static frictional force fmax,
relative slipping will occur and the assumption (i) has been proved incorrect.
Objects will have different acceleration and kinetic frictional forces are to be
shown on each object’s free body diagram.
(v) Depending on whether relative slipping occurs (as determined in (iii) or (iv)), we
may determine accelerations of each block using Newton’s Laws.
10.2 The minimum requirements for slipping to occur: In order to determine the
requirement of a parameter P (for example P may be force or some mass) of relative
slipping to occur, we assume the system is just likely to slip. Under such condition,
(i) Static frictional forces at all contacts (where slipping is just likely to occur) is at
its maximum.
(ii) Since the slipping is assumed to just begin, acceleration of one object relative to
other can still be considered zero. Thus, objects are in equilibrium relative to each
other.
Example 25: Figure shows a man of mass M standing on a board of mass m. What minimum force is
required to exert on string to slide the board? The friction coefficient between board and floor
is  and there is sufficient friction between man and board so that man does not slip.
m
Solution: Let person be applying force T, which is just sufficient to cause slipping.
Free body diagram of (man + plank):
N T
N

(m + M)g
T  N ...(1)
N  T  (m  M ) g ...(2)
From (1) and (2) T  [(m  M ) g  T ]
 ( M  m) g
or T
1 
JEE [49]
Now Solve: If the person is actually applying this determined force on the string while the system is about to
slide, find the frictional force applied by the plank on the person at this moment.
Answer: Zero.
Example 26: A block A of mass 2 kg is placed on another block of mass 5 kg and a horizontal force F is
applied on the block A.
 = 0.3 2kg F
smooth 5kg
If co-efficient of friction between block A and B is 0.3 and surface between block B and the
floor is frictionless, then what is the maximum value of F so that both blocks will move together
and what is the value of this acceleration?
Solution: Assuming both blocks are moving together without any relative slipping, with common
acceleration a, then
F F
a 
2kg  5kg 7kg
While the blocks are moving together, let maximum possible force F is being applied on the
block A. Under such situation,
(i) Both blocks would be moving together
(ii) Maximum possible frictional force will act between the two blocks.
Following diagram represents free body diagram of the block A under such situation:
N
F
N
20N
Using Newton’s law in vertical direction,

N = 20N
Using Newton’s law in horizontal direction,
F  0.3(20N) = 2a
F
 F  6N  2  
7
 F  8.4N
F
Also, a  1.2m/s 2
7
Now Solve: Repeat the same example if the force F is applied on the lower block B instead of the upper
block.
Answer: 21N and 3m/s2
JEE [50]
Exercise 27: Find the maximum possible force which can be applied to the 8 kg block shown in figure to
move both the blocks together if bottom surface:
(a) is frictionless and
(b) has friction coefficient 0.3
5 kg  = 0.4
8 kg F
Solution: (a) If bottom surface is frictionless and we assume both are moving together, acceleration of
the combined mass will be
F
a m/s 2
13
Force of friction between the two blocks will be acting as shown in figure. Let the force F is at
its maximum while the blocks are moving together. Under such situation,
(i) Both the blocks have same acceleration
(ii) The frictional forces are at their maximum.
Under such free body diagram will be as shown:
N
N N’
0.4N 8 kg
5 kg F
0.4N
50 N 80N
Using Newton’s law for 5kg block,
N  50N
0.4 N  5a
 a  4m/s2
Using Newton’s law along horizontal direction for 8kg block,
F  0.4N  8a
 F  0.4  50   8  4 
 F  52 N
(b) If ground has a friction coefficient 0.3, the friction acting on 8 kg block will be 39 N if it
slides on applying external force F as shown in figure. If we assume that both the blocks
are moving together, acceleration of the two will be given as
5 kg  = 0.4
f2 f2
8 kg F
f1= 39 N
If we consider 5 kg block only, friction f 2 is the only force acting on it. The maximum
possible value of f 2 will be  mg  20 N . If F is increased f 2 will also increase but
slipping between the two blocks will not start till its value will reach 20 N. Thus for
5 kg block
F  39
f  20  5 
13
or F  91N
Now Solve: In the above example, find the maximum possible force which can be applied to the 5 kg block
shown in figure to move both the blocks together if bottom surface is smooth.
Answer: 32.5N
JEE [51]
Example 28: Calculate the force P required to cause the block of weight W1  200 N just to slide under the
block of weight W2  100N shown in figure:
B
A
45°
W2
P W1
Also find the tension in the string AB? Coefficient of friction   0.25 for all surfaces in
contact.
Solution: Assuming the required value of force is applied such that relative slipping is a just likely to
occur.
In such case:
(i) All acting frictional forces are at their maximum and
(ii) System is still under equilibrium
Hence, the corresponding free body diagrams will be as below:
N2 T N1 N2
45°
f2
P f1
f2
W2 W1
f 2  T cos 45 P  f1  f 2
and N2  W2  T sin 45 and N1  W1  N2
Since friction is at its maximum,

f1   N1 and f 2   N2
 T  T
Thus,   W2  
 2 2
2 W2
 T
1 
 1 
N 2  W2  
1  
 1 
N1  W2    W1
1  
  2 
Also, P  f1  f 2   W1  W2    = 90 N
  1   
JEE [52]
INCHAPTER EXERCISE– 5
145. Which external force causes the motion of a car on a road?
146. Write magnitude and direction of frictional force acting on block B.
4 kg
20 N
 = 0.5 B
(i) (ii) 37°

2 kg  = 0.8 2 kg
 = 0.7
2 kg
(iii) (iv) 2 kg 1 kg
 = 0.8
30°
37°
y x
B
(v)  = 0.4 3 kg 4 m/s

(vi)
3 kg
2 m/s
= 0.4
4 kg 2 m/s
2 m/s
147. Find minimum force F0, in the direction shown, to slide the given block B (2kg) :
F0
F0
2 kg
(i)  = 0.3 2 kg (ii)
 = 0.8
37°
 = 0.8  = 0.8
2 kg 2 kg
(iii) (iv) F0
F0
37° 37°
 = 0.8
2 kg
F0
2 kg F0
(v) (vi)
3 kg
37°
F0 acts parallel to incline plane in horizontal
direction.
148. A 5 kg box is being moved across the floor at a constant velocity by a force of 30 N, as shown in the
figure.
(a) What is the force of friction acting on the box?
(b) Find k between the box and the floor.
JEE [53]
30 N
m = 5 kg
30o
149. A block of mass 2 kg is pressed against a rigid vertical wall by a horizontal force of 100 N. If co-
efficient of static and kinetic friction are each equal to 0.3 then find the magnitude and direction of
frictional force on the block.
2 kg
100 N
150. In the figure shown co-efficient of friction between the block B and C is 0.4. There is no friction
between the block C and the surface on which it is placed. The system of blocks is released from rest in
the shown situation. Find the distance moved by the block C when block A descends through a distance
2 m. Given masses of the blocks are mA = 3 kg, mB = 5 kg and mC = 10 kg.
B
C
151. Find the acceleration of the two blocks of 4 kg and 5 kg mass if a force of 40 N is applied on 4 kg block.
Friction coefficients between the respective surfaces are shown in figure. Take g  10m/s2
F = 40 N
4 kg  = 0.5
5 kg
 = 0.3
152. Figure shows a block B of mass m, cart C of mass M, and the coefficient of static friction between the
block and the cart is  . Neglect frictional between wheels and axles and the rotational effects of the
wheels. Determine the minimum value of F which must be applied on B such that it will not slide.
F B C
153. In figure, the block A of mass M 1 rests on a rough horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction
between the block and the surface is  . A uniform plank B, of mass M 2 rests on A. B is prevented from
moving by connecting it to a light rod R which is hinged at one end H. The coefficient of friction
between A and B is  . Find the acceleration of block A and C.
H
B M2
A M1
M3 C
JEE [54]
154. A block of mass 2 kg is pushed normally against a rough vertical wall with a force of 40 N, coefficient
of static friction being 0.5. Another horizontal force of 15 N, is applied on the block in a direction
parallel to the wall. Will the block move? If yes, in which direction and with what minimum
acceleration? If no, find the frictional force exerted by the wall on the block.
155. An accelerated system with a vertical wall has co-efficient of friction  between block and walls as
shown in the figure. A block M of mass 1 kg just remains in equilibrium with the vertical wall, when the
system has an acceleration of 20 m/s2. Find the co-efficient of friction.
M
Acceleration
156. Figure below shows a man standing stationary with respect to a horizontal conveyor belt that is
accelerating with 1 ms–2. What is the net force on the man? If the coefficient of static friction between
the man's shoes and the belt is 0.2, up to what acceleration of the belt, the man can continue to be
stationary relative to the belt? (Mass of the man = 65 kg)
157. A mass m rests on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between the mass and the surface is
 . If the mass is pulled by a force F as shown in figure. The limiting friction between mass and the
surface will be
F
60°
  3    F    F 
(A)  mg (B)   mg    F  (C)   mg     (D)   mg    
   2    2 
  2  
158. A mass placed on an inclined place is just in equilibrium. If  is coefficient of friction of the surface,
then maximum inclination of the plane with the horizontal is
(A) tan 1  (B) tan 1   / 2  (C) sin 1  (D) cos 1 
159. The coefficient of friction between the tyres and road is 0.4. The minimum distance covered before
attaining a speed of 8 ms1 starting from rest is nearly ( g  10m/s2 )
(A) 8.0 m (B) 4.0 m (C) 10.0 m (D) 16.0 m
160. A minimum force F is applied to a block of mass 102 kg to prevent it from sliding on a plane with an
inclination angle 30° with the horizontal. If the coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the
block and the plane are 0.4 and 0.3 respectively, then the force F is
(A) 157 N (B) 224 N (C) 315 N (D) zero
161. A uniform rope of length l lies on a table. If the coefficient of friction is  , then the maximum length l1
of the hanging part of the rope which can overhang from the edge of the table without sliding down is
l l
(A) l (B) l
    1
(C)
   1 (D)
   1
JEE [55]
162. A block of mass m, lying on a rough horizontal plane, is acted upon by a horizontal force P and another
force Q, inclined at an angle  to the vertical upwards. The block will remain in equilibrium, if
minimum coefficient of friction between it and the surface is
 P  Q sin    P cos  Q   P  Q cos   P sin   Q 

(A) (B) (C) (D)
 mg  Q cos   mg  Q sin    mg  Q sin    mg  Q cos 
163. In the figure shown, if coefficient of friction is  , then m2 will start moving upwards if
M2
M1

m1 m1
(A)  sin    cos (B)  sin    cos
m2 m2
m1 m1
(C)   sin    cos (D)   sin    cos
m2 m2
164. A block of mass M rests on a rough horizontal surface as shown. Coefficient of friction between the
block and the surface is  . A force F  Mg acting at angle  with the vertical side of the block pulls it.
In which of the following cases, the block can be pulled along the surface?

M

   
(A) tan    (B) tan     (C) cos   (D) cot    
2  2
 3
165. For the arrangement shown in the figure, the tension in the string is given by  sin 37  
 5
10 kg
4 kg


(A) 30 N (B) 40 N (C) 60 N (D) 70 N
JEE [56]
166. There is no slipping between the two blocks. What is the force of friction between two blocks?
2 kg
4 kg F = 18 N
Smooth
(A) zero (B) 9 N (C) 12 N (D) 6 N
167. In the shown arrangement, mass of A  1kg, mass of B  2kg. Coefficient of friction between A and B =
0.2.
A
B F = 10 N
There is no friction between B and ground. The frictional force exerted by A on B equals
(A) 2 N (B) 3 N (C) 4 N (D) 5 N
ANSWER KEY
145. Friction 155. 0.5

146. (i) 20 N (ii) 6.4 N (iii) 10 N 156. 1.96 m/s2
(iv) 2 N (v) 12 N (vi) 12 N 157. (B)
147. (i) 6 N (ii) 24.8 N (iii) 0.8 N 158. (A)
(iv) 0.67 N (v) 3 N (vi) 32 N 159. (A)
148. 15 3N ,0.74 160. (A)
161. (C)
149. 30 N, f = 20 N.
162. (A)
150. 2m
163. (B)
151. 5 m/s 2 , 0
164. (D)
mg  m 
1 165. (B)
  M 
152.
166. (D)
M 3 g   g ( M1  2M 2 ) 167. (A)
153.
( M1  M 2 )
154. 2.5 m / s 2
JEE [57]
EXERCISE1
1. The displacement time curve of a particle is shown in the figure. The external force acting on the particle
is
Displacement
O Time
(A) Zero (B) Not zero
(C) Acting at the beginning part of motion (D) None of these
2. Figure shows the displacement of a particle going along the x-axis as a function of time. The force acting
on the particle is zero in the region
Displacement
B C
A D
O Time
(A) AB (B) BC (C) CD (D) DE
3. A block of mass 5 kg is dropped from top of a building. Then the magnitude of force applied by the
block on the earth while falling is
(A) 5g N upwards (B) 5g N downwards (C) 0 N (D) None of these
4. A force F1 acts on a particle so as to accelerate it from rest to a velocity v. The force F1 is then replaced
by F2 which decelerates it to rest.
(A) F1 must be equal to F2 (B) F1 may be equal to F2
(C) F1 must be unequal to F2 (D) None of these
5. A particle stays at rest as seen in a frame. We can conclude that
(A) The frame is inertial
(B) Resultant force on the particle is zero
(C) The frame may be inertial but the resultant force on the particle is zero
(D) The frame may be non-inertial but there is a nonzero resultant force.
6. A particle is found to be at rest when seen from a frame S1 and moving with a constant velocity when
seen from another frame S2. Mark out the possible options.
(A) Both the frames are inertial (B) Both the frames are non inertial
(C) S1 is inertial and S2 is non inertial (D) S1 is non inertial and S2 is inertial
7. A particle is observed from two frames S1 and S2. The graph of relative velocity of S1 with respect to S2
is shown in figure. Let F1 and F2 be the pseudo forces on the particle when seen from S1 and S2
respectively. Which one of the following is not possible?
vrel
O Time
(A) F1  0 , F2  0 (B) F1  0 , F2  0 (C) F1  0 , F2  0 (D) F1  0 , F2  0
JEE [58]
8. A particle is resting over a smooth horizontal floor. At t  0 , a horizontal force starts acting on it.
Magnitude of the force increases with time according to law F  at , where a is a constant.
B
A
O
For figure which of the following statement is/are correct?
(A) Curve A indicates acceleration against time.
(B) Curve B indicates velocity against time.
(C) Curve B indicates velocity against acceleration.
(D) None of these
9. A cyclist moves with uniform velocity down a rough inclined plane of inclination  . Total mass of
cycle and cyclist is m. Then the magnitude and direction of force acting on the cycle from inclined plane
is
(A) mg cos  perpendicularly into the inclined plane
(B) mg cos  perpendicularly outward of the inclined plane
(C) mg perpendicularly outward of the inclined plane
(D) mg vertical upwards
10. A block of mass 10 kg is kept inside an elevator which is freely falling under gravity. If coefficient of
friction between the block and elevator floor is   0.2 and the block is given a horizontal velocity by
a gentle jerk. The amount of horizontal force to be applied on the block to maintain the velocity of block
with respect to elevator is
(A) 20 N (B) 40 N (C) Zero N (D) 60 N
11. A block of mass M is slipping down on a rough inclined of inclination  with horizontal with a
constant velocity. The magnitude and direction of total reaction from the inclined plane on the block is
(A) Mg sin  down the inclined (B) less than Mg sin  down the inclined
(C) Mg upwards (D) Mg down wards
12. A body of mass M is kept on a rough horizontal surface (friction coefficient   ). A person is trying to
pull the body by applying a horizontal force but the body is not moving. The force by the surface on the
body is F where
(A) F  Mg (B) Mg  F  Mg 1   2
(C) F   Mg (D) Mg  F  Mg 1   2
13. Can a sail boat be propelled by air blown at its sail from a fan fixed to the boat?
(A) Can be sailed (B) Cannot be sailed

14. In the figure a rope of mass m and length  is such that its one end is fixed to a rigid wall and the other is
applied with a horizontal force F as shown below, then tension at the middle of the string is

F
(A) Zero (B) F (C) 2F (D) F

2
JEE [59]
15. Figure shows a light spring balance connected to two blocks of mass 20 kg each. The graduations in the
balance measure the tension in the spring. The reading of the balance is
20 kg 20 kg
(A) 20 kg (B) 40 kg (C) Zero kg (D) Depends on mass of spring balance
16. A block of mass 10 kg is suspended through two light spring balances as shown below:
10 kg
(A) Both the scales will read 10 kg
(B) Both the scales will read 5 kg
(C) The upper scale will read 10 kg & the lower zero
(D) The readings may be anything but their sum will be 10 kg.
17. A body of weight W1 is suspended from the ceiling of a room through a chain of weight W2 . The ceiling
pulls the chain by a force
W1  W2
(A) W1 (B) W2 (C) W1  W2 (D)
2
18. In the situation shown in figure the magnitude of total external force acting on the block A is (all the
surfaces are smooth)
A 1 kg B 2 kg
F  21 N
(A) 21 N (B) 14 N (C) 7 N (D) Zero

19. A block kept on an inclined surface, just begins to slide if the inclination is 30o. The block is replaced by
another block B and it is found that it just begins to slide if the inclination is 40o, then
(A) Mass of A > mass of B (B) Mass of A < mass of B
(C) Mass of A = mass of B (D) All the three are possible
20. A smooth wedge A is fitted in a chamber hanging from a fixed ceiling near the earth’s surface. A block
B placed at the top of the wedge takes a time T to slide down the length of the wedge. If the block is
placed at the top of the wedge and the cable supporting the chamber is broken at the same instant, the
block will
(A) Take a time longer than T to slide down the wedge
(B) Take a time shorter than T to slide down the wedge
(C) Remain at the top of the wedge
(D) Jump off the wedge
21. A person standing on the floor of an elevator drops a coin. The coin reaches the floor of the elevator in a
time t1 if the elevator is stationary and it time t 2 if it is moving uniformly. Then
(A) t1  t2
(B) t1  t2
(C) t1  t2
(D) t1  t2 or t1  t2 depending on whether the lift is going up or down.
JEE [60]
22. A light spring is compressed and placed horizontally between a vertical fixed wall and a block, free to
slide over a smooth horizontal table top as shown in the figure below. If the system is released from rest,
which of the graphs below represents the relation between the acceleration a of the block and the
distance x traveled by it?
a a a a
(A) (B) (C) (D)

x x x x
O O O O
 34
th
23. A fireman wants to slide down a rope. The breaking load the rope is of the weight of the man.
With what minimum acceleration should the fireman slide down?
(A)
g (B)
g (C)
g (D)
g
3 6 4 2
24. A metal sphere is hung by a string fixed to a wall. The forces acting on the sphere are shown in figure.
Which of the following statement is/are wrong?

T
N
W
  
(A) N  T  W  0 (B) T  N  W
2 2 2
(C) T  N  W (D) N  W tan 
25. With what force must a man pull on the rope to hold the plank in position if the man weights 60 kg-F?
Neglect the weight of the plank, rope and pulley. (Take g  10 m/s2)
plate
(A) 150 N (B) 125 N (C) 100 N (D) None of these
26. A block rests on a rough plane whose inclination  to the horizontal can be varied. Which of the
following graphs indicates how the frictional force F between the block and plane varies as  is
increased?
F F
(A) (B)
   
O  O 
2 2
F F
(C) (D)
     
O O
2 2
JEE [61]
27. A block of mass 2 kg is held at rest against a rough vertical wall by pressing a horizontal (normal) force
of 45 N. Coefficient of friction between wall and the block is equal to 0.5. Now a horizontal force of
15 N (tangential to wall) is also applied on the block. Then the block will
(A) Remain stationary.
(B) Move horizontally with acceleration of 5 m/s2
(C) Start to move with an acceleration of magnitude 1.25 m/s2.
(D) Start to move horizontally with acceleration greater than 5 m/s2.
28. The force acting on the block is given by F  5  2t . The frictional force acting on the block after time
t  2 seconds will be    0.2 
m  1 kg
  0.2 F  5  2t  N
(A) 1N (B) 2N (C) 3N (D) Zero

29. For the arrangement shown in figure, the maximum tension in the string (the block does not accelerate)
is
m  1 kg   0.8 
37o
(A) 6 N (B) 6.4 N (C) 12.4 N (D) None of these

30. The particles of masses m and 2m hang from the pulley by an ideal string whose breaking is equal to
twice the weight of mass m. The maximum acceleration a of the pulley is
a
m 2m
g g 3g g
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 2 2
31. Two masses each equal to m are constrained to move only along xaxis. Initially they are at (a, 0) and
(+a, 0). They are connected by a light string. A force F is applied at the origin along yaxis resulting
into motion of masses towards each other. The acceleration of each mass when position of masses at
any instant becomes (x, 0) and (+x, 0) is given by
y
F
m m
x
 a,0   a,0 
F x F a2  x2 Fx F a2  x2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m a2  x2 m x 2m a 2  x 2 2m x
JEE [62]
32. All surfaces shown in figure are smooth. System is released with the spring un-stretched. In equilibrium,
compression in the spring will be
m
k
M
45o
(A)
mg
(B)
2mg
(C)
 M  m g (D)
mg
2k k 2k k
33. Three blocks of mass 1 kg, 4 kg and 2 kg are placed on a smooth horizontal plane as shown in the figure.
The contact force between 1 kg block and 4 kg block is
4 kg
120 N 50 N
1 kg 2 kg
(A) 100 N (B) 120 N (C) 50 N (D) 110 N

34. Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are placed side by side on a smooth horizontal surface. Two horizontal
forces F1 and F2 act on m1 and m2 respectively. If N is the normal reaction between the blocks then
m1 m2
F1 F2
F1 F2 F1 F2
(A) N  0 when  (B) N  0 when 
m1 m2 m1 m2
F1 F2 F1 F2
(C) N  0 when  (D) N  0 when 
m1 m2 m1 m2
35. The system is pushed by the force F as shown. All surfaces are smooth except between B and C. Friction
coefficient between B and C is µ. Minimum value of F to prevent block B from downward slipping is
A B C
m
F 2m 2m
(A) 
 3 
 mg
 2 
(B) 
 5 
 mg
 2 
(C) 5  2  mg µmg  2  mg
(D) 3
36. Two blocks are kept on an inclined plane and tied to each other with a mass-less string. Coefficient of
friction between m1 and inclined plane is 1 and that between m2 and the inclined is  2 . Then
m2
2
m1
tan  1 & 2
1 
(A) The tension in the string is zero if 1  2 .
(B) The tension in the string is zero if 1  2
(C) Tension in the string is always zero irrespective of 1 and  2 .
(D) None of these
JEE [63]
37. In the arrangement shown in figure the wall is smooth and friction coefficient between the blocks is
  0.1 . A horizontal force F  1000 N is applied on the 2 kg block. The wrong statement is
5 kg
2 kg
vertical wall
F
Fixed
  0.1
smooth
(A) The normal interaction force between the blocks is 1000N.
(B) The friction force between the blocks is zero.
(C) Both the blocks accelerate downward with acceleration g m/s2.
(D) Both the blocks remain at rest.
38. Consider the system as shown below. The wall is smooth, but the surface of block A and B in contact is
rough. The friction force on B due to A is equilibrium is
B
F A
(A) Upwards (B) Downwards

(C) Zero (D) The system can not remain in equilibrium
39. A force of 100 N is applied on a block of mass 3 kg as shown below. The coefficient of friction between
wall and the block is 1 . The friction force acting on the block is
4 vertical wall
Fixed
30o
F  100 N
(A) 15 N downwards (B) 25 N upwards

(C) 20 N downwards (D) 20 N upwards.
40. The force F1 required to just moving a body up an inclined plane is double the force F2 required to just
prevent the body from sliding down the plane. The coefficient of friction is µ. The inclination  of the
plane is
 2
  2 
1
(A) tan 1  (B) tan
1
(C) tan (D) tan
1
 3 
41. The point of suspension of the pendulum bob moves with a constant acceleration a. If the breaking
strength of the string is equal to three times the weight of the bob the maximum value of a is
(A) 2g (B) 3g (C) 2g (D) 2 2g
42. Two particles of masses m and 2m are connected by the spring. If the particle m has acceleration a, the
relative acceleration between the particles is
a
m
2m
(A) 2a (B) 3a (C) 3  2a (D) none of these

43. The force exerted by the floor of an elevator on the foot of a person standing there is more than the
weight of the person if the elevator is
(A) Going up and slowing down (B) Going up and speeding up
(C) Going down and slowing down (D) Going down and speeding up
JEE [64]
44. If the tension in the cable supporting an elevator is equal to the weight of the elevator, the elevator may
be
(A) Going up with increasing speed (B) Going down with increasing speed
(C) Going up with uniform speed (D) Going down with uniform speed
45. A block of mass 10 kg lies on a rough inclined plane of inclination   sin 1 3  5  with the horizontal
when a force of 30 N is applied on the block parallel to and upward the plane, the total force exerted by
the plane on the block is nearly along (coefficient of friction is   3 ) (Take g  10 m/s2)
4
B
A 30 N
D 
(A) OA (B) OB (C) OC (D) OD

46. Blocks A and B in figure are connected by a bar of negligible weight. If mass of A and B are 170 kg each
and  A  0.2 and B  0.4 , where  A and  B are the coefficients of limiting friction between blocks
and plane, calculate the force in the bar. (Take g  10 m/s2)

B
A
8
15
(A) 150 N (B) 75 N (C) 200 N (D) 250 N
47. In the arrangement shown in figure, coefficient of friction between the two blocks is   1 . The force
2
of friction acting between the two blocks is
m1  2 kg
F1  2 N
F1  20 N m2  4 kg
(A) 8 N (B) 10 N (C) 6 N (D) 4 N

48. A weightless string passes through a slit over a pulley. The slit offers frictional force f to the string. The
string carries two weights having masses m1 and m2 where m2  m1 , then acceleration of the weights is
m1
m2
(A)
 m2  m1  g  f (B)
f   m2  m1  g
(C)
 m1  m2  g  f (D)
m2 g  f
m1  m2 m1  m2 m1  m2 m1  m2
JEE [65]
49. A plank of mass 3m is placed on a rough inclined plane and a man of mass m walks down the board. If
the coefficient of friction between the board and inclined plane is   0.5 , the minimum acceleration of
the man such that plank does not slide is
37o
(A) 6 m/s2 (B) 8 m/s2 (C) 4 m/s2 (D) 3 m/s2
50. What is the minimum value of mass of block A so that B starts moving on rough horizontal surface
37o
6 kg
  14
B
A
(A) 1 kg (B) 1.5 kg (C) 2 kg (D) 2.5 kg
51. Two men of unequal masses hold on to the two sections of a light rope passing over a smooth light
pulley. Which of the following are possible?
(A) The lighter man is stationary while the heavier man moves with some acceleration.
(B) The heavier man is stationary while the lighter man moves with some acceleration.
(C) The two men move with the same acceleration in the same direction.
(D) The two men move with acceleration of the same magnitude in opposite directions.
52. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge of inclination  and mass M. The whole system is
accelerated horizontally so that the block does not slip on the wedge. Then the normal reaction on the
wedge acting from the ground
 M  m sin  
(A) Mg (B)  M  m  g (C)  M  m sin   g (D)   g cos 
 M m 
53. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge of inclination  with the horizontal. The whole system
is accelerated so that the block does not slip on the wedge. The force exerted by the wedge on the block
has a magnitude
(A) mg (B) mg sec (C) mg cos  (D) mg tan 
54. A block is kept on the floor of an elevator at rest. The elevator starts descending with an acceleration 12
m/s2. The displacement of the block during the first 0.2 s after the start is (Take g  10 m/s2)
(A) 20 cm upwards (B) 20 cm downwards (C) 24 cm downwards (D) 4 cm downwards
55. If all matter were made of electrically neutral particles such as neutrons,
(A) There would be no force of friction (B) There would be no tension in the string
(C) It would not be possible to sit on a chair (D) The earth could not move around the sun
JEE [66]
56. A body starts to slide from A, down an inclined smooth plane AO having inclination      with
horizontal and then ascends smooth plane OB. If impact at O is neglected,
h
  h' 
O
(A) t AO  tOB (B) t AO  tOB (C) t AO  tOB (D) h'  h
57. Figure shows two blocks, each of mass m. The system is released from rest at the position, shown in
figure. If initial accelerations of blocks A and B are a1 and a2 respectively and during the motions
velocities of A and B are v1 and v2 respectively, then
v 2 , a2
 v1, a1
B
A
(A) a1  a2 cos  (B) a2  a1 cos  (C) v1  v2 cos  (D) v2  v1 cos 
58. The magnitude of difference in accelerations of block of mass m in both the cases shown below is
m m 2m
F  2m
(A) Zero (B) g (C) 2  3 g (D)

g
3
59. In the figure the block A, B and C of mass m each, have accelerations a1, a2 & a3 respectively. F1 and F2
are external forces of magnitude 2mg and mg respectively.
m
m m 2m m
A B C
F1  2mg F2  mg
(A) a1  a2  a3 (B) a1  a3  a2 (C) a1  a2  a3 (D) a1  a2  a3
60. In the figure shown m1  1 kg, m2  2 kg, pulley is ideal. At t  0 , both masses touches the ground and
string is taut. A force F  2t is applied to pulley (t is in second) then (Take g  10 m/s2)
F  2t
m1 m2
(A) m1 is lifted off the ground at t  10 sec

(B) m2 is lifted off the ground at t  20 sec
(C) acceleration of pulley when m2 is about to lift off is 5 m/s2
(D) both blocks are lifted off simultaneously.
JEE [67]
61. A man pushes against a rigid fixed vertical wall. Which of the following is (are) the most accurate
statement (s) related to the situation?
(A) The man can never exert a force on the wall which exceeds his weight.
(B) Whatever force the man exerts on the wall, the wall also exerts an equal and opposite force on the
man.
(C) The maximum force, which the man can exert on the wall is the maximum frictional force which
exists between his feet and the floor.
(D) The man cannot be in equilibrium since he is exerting a net force on the wall.
62. The acceleration of small block m with respect to ground is (all the surface are smooth)
m
a  3g
30o
(A) Zero (B) g (C)

g (D) 2g
2
63. In the above question, if the same acceleration is towards right the frictional force exerted by wedge on
the block will be: (Coefficient of friction between wedge and block  3 )
2
3mg mg
(A) 2mg (B) mg (C) (D)
2 2
64. The coefficient of friction between and insect and a hemispherical bowl of radius R is . The maximum
height that the insect can crawl is
 
(A)
1 
R
2
(B) R 1   2 (C) R 1 


1

1   2 
(D) R  
1   2 1
JEE [68]
EXERCISE  2
1. A lift is moving down with acceleration a. A man in the lift drops a ball inside the lift. The acceleration
of the ball as observed by the man in the lift and a man standing stationary on the ground are
respectively.
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) g, g (B) g  a, g  a (C) g  a, g (D) a, g
2. When forces F1 , F2 , F3 are acting on a particle of mass m such that F2 and F3 are mutually
of the particles is
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) F1 / m (B) F2 F3 / m / F1 (C)  F2  F3  / m (D) F2 / m
3. Two forces are such that the sum of their magnitude is 18 N and their resultant is 12 N which is
of the particle is
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) F1 / m (B) F2 F3 / mF1 (C)  F2  F3  / m (D) F2 / m
4. A light string passing over a smooth light pulley connects two blocks of masses m1 and m2 (vertically).
If the acceleration of the system is g/8, then the ratio of the masses is
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) 8 : 1 (B) 9 : 7 (C) 4 : 3 (D) 5 : 3
5. Three identical blocks of masses m = 2 kg are drawn by a force F = 10. 2 N with an acceleration of
0.6m/s2 on a frictionless surface, then what is the tension (in N) in the string between the block B and C?
[AIEEE 2002]
C B A F
(A) 9.2 (B) 3.4 (C) 4 (D) 9.8

6. One end of a mass-less rope, which passes over a mass-less and frictionless pulley P is tied to a hook C
while the other end is free. Maximum tension that the rope can bear is 360 N. With what value of
maximum safe acceleration (in m/s2) can a man of 60 kg climb on the rope?
[AIEEE 2002]
A B
(A) 16 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 8

-1
7. The minimum velocity (in ms ) with which a car driver must traverse a flat curve of radius 150 m and
coefficient of friction 0.96 to a avoid skidding is
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) 60 (B) 30 (C) 15 (D) 25
JEE [69]
8. A solid sphere, a hollow sphere and a ring are released from top of an inclined plane (frictionless) so that
they slide down the plane. Then maximum acceleration down the plane is for (no rolling)
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) solid sphere (B) hollow sphere (C) ring (D) all same
9. A marble block of mass 2 kg lying on ice when given a velocity of 6 m/s is stopped by friction in 10 s.
Then the coefficient of friction is
[AIEEE 2003]
(A) 0.02 (B) 0.03 (C) 0.04 (D) 0.06
10. A horizontal force of 10 N is necessary to just hold a block stationary against a wall. the coefficient of
friction between the block and the wall is 0.2. The weight of the block is
[AIEEE 2003]
10N
(A) 20 N (B) 50 N (C) 100 N (D) 2 N

11. A rocket with a lift-off mass 3.5 10 kg is blasted upwards with an initial acceleration of 10m/s2. Then
4
the initial thrust of the blast is

[AIEEE 2003]
(A) 3.5 10 N5
(B) 7.5 10 N 5
(C) 14.0 10 N 5
(D) 1.75 10 N 5

12. Three forces start acting simultaneously on a particle moving with velocity, v . These forces are
represented in magnitude and directed by the three sides of a triangle ABC. The particle will now move
with velocity
[AIEEE 2003]
C
A B
 
(A) less than v (B) greater than v
 
(C) v in the direction of the largest force BC (D) v , remaining unchanged
13. A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. A man hangs his bag on the spring and the spring
reads 49 N, when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves downwards with an acceleration of 5m/s 2, the
reading of the spring balance will be
[AIEEE 2003]
(A) 24 N (B) 74 N (C) 15 N (D) 49 N
14. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a rope of mass m. If a force P is
applied at the free end of the rope, the force exerted by the rope on the block is
[AIEEE 2003]
Pm Pm PM
(A) (B) (C) P (D)
M m M m M m
JEE [70]
15. A light spring balance hangs from the hook of the other light spring balance and a block of mass M kg
hangs from the former one. Then the true statement about the scale reading is
[AIEEE 2003]
(A) both the scales read M kg each
(B) the scale of the lower one reads M kg and of the upper one zero
(C) the reading of the two scales can be anything but the sum of the reading will be M kg
(D) both the scales read M/2 kg each
16. A block rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle of 30 with the horizontal. The coefficient of
static friction between the block and the plane is 0.8. If the frictional force on the block is 10 N, the mass
of the block (in kg) is (take g = 10m/s2)
[AIEEE 2004]
(A) 1.6 (B) 4.0 (C) 2.0 (D) 2.5
17. Which of the following statement is FALSE for a particle moving in a circle with a constant angular
speed?
[AIEEE 2004]
(A) The acceleration vector points to the centre of the circle
(B) The acceleration vector is tangent to the circle
(C) The velocity vector is tangent to the circle
(D) The velocity and acceleration vectors are perpendicular to each other.
18. Two masses m1  5 g and m2  4.8 kg tied to a string are hanging over a light frictionless pulley. What is

the acceleration of the masses when left free to move? g  9.8m/s 2  [AIEEE 2004]
m1
m2
(A) 5m/s2 (B) 9.8m/s2 (C) 0.2m/s2 (D) 4.8m/s2
19. The upper half of an inclined plane with inclination  is perfectly smooth while the lower half is rough.
A body starting from rest at the top will again come to rest at the bottom if the coefficient of friction for
the lower half is given by
[AIEEE 2005]
(A) 2 cos  (B) 2 sin  (C) tan  (D) 2 tan 
20. Consider a car moving on a straight road with a speed of 100 m/s. The distance at which car can be
stopped is Take k  0.5
[AIEEE 2005]
(A) 1000 m (B) 800 m (C) 400 m (D) 100 m
JEE [71]
21. A particle of mass 0.3kg subject to a force F  kx with k = 15 N/m. What will be its initial
acceleration if it is released from a point 20 cm away from the origin?
[AIEEE 2005]
2 2 2 2
(A) 15 m / s (B) 3 m / s (C) 10 m / s (D) 5 m / s
22. A block is kept on a frictionless inclined surface with angle of inclination  . The incline is given an
acceleration a to keep the block stationary. Then a is equal to
[AIEEE 2005]
a

(A) g cosec  (B) g/tan  (C) g tan  (D) g
23. An annular ring with inner and outer radii R1 and R2 is rolling without slipping with a uniform angular
speed. The ratio of the forces experienced by the two particles situated on the inner and outer parts of the
F1
ring, is
F2
[AIEEE 2005]
2
 R1  R2 R1
(A)   (B) (C) (D) 1
 R2  R1 R2
24. A ball of mass 0.2kg is thrown vertically upward by applying a force by hand. If the hand moves 0.2m
while applying the force and the ball goes upto 2m height further, find the magnitude of the force
considering g = 10 m / s 2 .
[AIEEE 2006]
(A) 4 N (B) 16 N (C) 20 N (D) 22 N
25. A player caught a cricket ball of mass 150 g moving at a rate of 20 m/s. If the catching process is
completed in 0.1 s, the force of the blow exerted by the ball on the hand of the player is equal to
[AIEEE 2006]
(A) 150 N (B) 3 N (C) 30 N (D) 300 N
26. A block of mass m is connected to another block of mass M by a spring (mass-less) of spring constant k.
The blocks are kept on a smooth horizontal plane. Initially the blocks are at rest and the spring is
unstretched. Then a constant force F starts acting on the block of mass M to pull it. Find the force of the
block of mass m.
[AIEEE 2007]
MF mF  M  m F mF
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m  M  M m m  M 

27. For a particle uniform circular motion, the acceleration a at a point P(R,  ) on the circle of radius R is
(Here  is measured from the x-axis)
[AIEEE 2010]
2 2 2 2
v v v v
(A)  cos  iˆ  sin  ˆj (B)  sin  iˆ  cos  ˆj
R R R R
v2 v2 v2 ˆ v2 ˆ
(C)  cos  i  sin  ˆj
ˆ (D) i j
R R R R
JEE [72]
28. The fixed frictionless inclined planes making an angle 30 and 60 with the vertical are shown in the
figure. Two blocks A and B are placed on the two planes. What is the relative vertical acceleration of A
with respect to B?
[AIEEE 2010]
A B
60 30
(A) 4.9 ms 2 in horizontal direction (B) 9.8 ms 2 in vertical direction
(C) zero (D) 4.9 ms 2 in vertical direction

29. A point P moves in counter-clockwise direction on a circular path as shown in the figure. The movement
of 'P' is such that it sweeps out a length s  t 3  5 , where s is in metres and t is in seconds. The radius of
the path is 20 m. the acceleration of 'P' where t = 2 s in nearly.
[AIEEE 2010]
y
B
P(x,y)
20m
O x
A
(A) 13 m / s 2 (B) 12 m / s 2 (C) 7.2 m / s 2 (D) 14 m / s 2
30. The minimum force required to start pushing a body up rough (frictional coefficient  ) inclined plane
is F1 while the minimum force needed to prevent it from sliding down is F2 . If the inclined plane
F1
makes an angle  from the horizontal such that tan   2 then the ratio is
F2
[AIEEE 2011]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

31. If a spring of stiffness 'k' is cut into part 'A' and 'B' of length  A :  B  2 : 3 , then the stiffness of spring
'A' is given by
[AIEEE 2011]
3k 3k 5k
(A) (B) (C) k (D)
5 5 2
JEE [73]
32. A particle of mass m is at rest at the origin at time t = 0. It is subjected to a force F  (t )  F0ebt in the x
direction. Its speed v(t) is depicted by which of the following curves?
[AIEEE 2012]
F0 F0
mb mb
(A) (B)
v(t) v(t)
t t
F0 F0
mb mb
(C) (D)
v(t) v(t)
t t
33. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the four choices given after the Statement, choose the
one that best describes the two Statements.
Statement – 1: If you push on a cart being pulled by a horse so that it does not move, the cart pushes
you back with an equal and opposite force.
Statement – 2: The cart does not move because the forces described in statement 1 cancel each other.
[AIEEE 2012]
(A) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
(B) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
(C) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(D) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1
34. A spring is compressed between two blocks of masses m1 and m2 placed on a horizontal frictionless
surface as shown in the figure. When the blocks are released, they have initial velocity of v1 and v2 as
x 
shown. The blocks travel distances x1 and x2 respectively before coming to rest. The ratio  1  is:
 x2 
[AIEEE 2012]
m1 m2
v1 v2
m2 m1 m2 m1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m1 m2 m1 m2
JEE [74]
35. Two blocks of mass M1  20 kg and M 2  12 kg are connected by a metal rod of mass 8 kg. The system
is pulled vertically up by applying a force of 480 N as shown. The tension at the mid-point of the rod is:
[JEE Mains 2013]
480 N
M1
M1
(A) 144 N (B) 96 N (C) 240 N (D) 192 N

36. A uniform sphere of weight W and radius 5 cm is being held by a string as show in the figure. The
tension in the string will be:
[JEE Mains 2013]
8cm
W W W W
(A) 12 (B) 5 (C) 13 (D) 13
5 12 5 12
37. A block is placed on a rough horizontal plane. A time dependent horizontally force F = kt acts on the
block, where k is a positive constant. The acceleration  time graph of the block is:
[JEE Mains 2013]
a a
(A) (B)
O t O t
a a
(C) (D)
O t O t
38. A body of mass 'm' is tied to one end of a spring and whirled round in a horizontal plane with a constant
angular velocity. The elongation in the spring is 1 cm. If the angular velocity is doubled, the elongation
in the spring is 5 cm. The original length of the spring is:
[JEE Mains 2013]
1 2 3
(A) sin   cos  (B) sin   cos  (C) sin   cos  (D) sin   cos 
2 3 4
JEE [75]
39. A particle is released on a vertical smooth semicircular track from point X so that OX makes angle 
from the vertical (see figure). The normal reaction of the track on the particle vanishes at point Y where
OY makes angle  with the horizontal. Then:
[JEE Mains 2014]
X
 Y

O
1 2 3
(A) sin   cos  (B) sin   cos  (C) sin   cos  (D) sin   cos 
2 3 2
40. A mass 'm' is supported by a mass-less string wound around a uniform hollow cylinder of mass m and
radius R. If the string does not slip on the cylinder, with what acceleration will the mass fall or release?
[JEE Mains 2014]
R
m
2g g 5g
(A) (B) (C) (D) g
3 2 6

41. A body of mass 5 kg under the action of constant force F  Fxiˆ  Fy ˆj has velocity at t = 0 s as

 
v  6iˆ  2 ˆj m/s
 
and at t = 10s as v  6 ˆj m/s. The force F is:
[JEE Mains 2014]
 3 4  3 4 

(A) 3 ˆj  4 ˆj N  (B)   iˆ  ˆj  N
 5 5 

(C) 3 ˆj  4 ˆj N  (D)  iˆ  ˆj  N
5 5 
x3
42. A block of mass m is placed on a surface with a vertical cross section given by y  . If the
6
coefficient of friction is 0.5, the maximum height above the ground at which the block can be placed
without slipping is :
[JEE Mains 2014]
1 2 1 1
(A) m (B) m (C) m (D) m
6 3 3 2
43. A heavy box is dragged along a rough horizontal floor. To do so, person A pushes it at an angle 30

from the horizontal and requires a minimum force FA , while person B pulls the box at an angle 60
from the horizontal and needs minimum force FB . If the coefficient of friction between the box and the
3 FA
floor is , the ratio is [JEE Mains 2014]
5 FB
5 3 2
(A) 3 (B) (C) (D)
3 2 3
JEE [76]
44. A small ball of mass m starts at a point A with speed v0 and moves along a frictionless track AB as
shown. The track BC has coefficient of friction  . The ball comes to stop at C after travelling a
distance L which is
[JEE Mains 2014]
A
B L C
2h v02 hv2 h v2 h v2
(A)  (B)  0 (C)  0 (D)  0
 2 g  2 g 2  g 2 2 g
45. A block A of mass 4 kg is placed on another block B of mass 5 kg, and the block B rests on a smooth
horizontal table. If the minimum force that can be applied on A so that both the blocks move together is
12 N, the maximum force that can be applied to B for the blocks to move together will be:
[JEE Mains 2014]
(A) 30 N (B) 25 N (C) 27 N (D) 48 N
46. A large number (n) of identical beads, each of mass m and radius r are strung on a thin smooth rigid
horizontal rod of length L (L >> r) and are at rest at random positions. The rod is mounted between two
rigid supports (see figure). If one of the beads is now given a speed v, the average force experienced by
each support after a long time is (assume all collisions are elastic):
[JEE Mains 2015]
mv 2 mv 2 mv 2
2  L  nr 
(A) (B) (C) (D) zero
L  2nr L  nr
47. A smooth block is released at rest on a 45 incline and then slides a distance 'd '. The time taken to slide
is 'n' times as much to slide on rough incline than on a smooth incline. The coefficient of friction is
[JEE Mains 2015]
1 1 1 1
(A) k  1  (B) k  1  (C)  s  1  (D) s  1 
n2 n2 n2 n2
48. Given in the figure are two blocks A and B of weight 20 N and 100 N, respectively. These are being
pressed against a wall by a force F as shown. If the coefficient of friction between the blocks is 0.1 and
between block B and the wall is 0.15, the frictionless force applied by the wall on block B is:
[JEE Mains 2015]
(A) 120 N (B) 150 N (C) 100 N (D) 80 N
JEE [77]
49. A block of mass m = 10 kg rests on a horizontal table. The coefficient of friction between the block and
the table is 0.05. When hit by a bullet of mass 50 g moving with speed v, that gets embedded in it, the
block moves and comes to stop after moving a distance of 2 m on the table. If a freely falling object
v
were to acquire speed after being dropped from height H, then neglecting energy losses and taking
10
g  10ms-2 , the value of H is close to:
[JEE Mains 2015]
(A) 0.05 km (B) 0.02 km (C) 0.03 km (D) 0.04 km
R
50. A particle of mass m is acted upon by a force F given by the empirical law F  v  t  . If this law is to
t2
be tested experimentally by observing the motion starting from rest, the best way is to plot:
[JEE Mains 2016]
1 1
(A) log v(t) against (B) v(t) against t 2 (C) log v(t) against (D) log v(t) against t
t t2
51. A rocket is fired vertically from the earth with an acceleration of 2g, where g is the gravitational
acceleration. On an inclined plane inside the rocket, making an angle  with the horizontal, a point
object of mass m is kept. The minimum coefficient of frictionless min between the mass and the
inclined surface such that the mass does not move is:
[JEE Mains 2016]
(A) tan 2  (B) tan  (C) 3 tan  (D) 2 tan 
52. A conical pendulum of length 1 m makes an angle   45 w.r.t. Z-axis and moves in a circle in the XY
plane. The radius of the circle is 0.4 m and its centre is vertically below O. The speed of the pendulum,
in its circular path, will be : (Take g = 10 ms 2 )
[JEE Mains 2017]
Z
O

C
(A) 0.4 m/s (B) 4 m/s (C) 0.2 m/s (D) 2 m/s
53. A body starts from rest on a long inclined plane of slope 45 . The coefficient of friction between the
body and the plane varies as   0.3 x where x is distance travelled down the plane. The body will have
2
maximum speed (for g = 10 m / s ) where x =
(A) 9.8 m (B) 27m (C) 12 m (D) 3.33 m
JEE [78]
54. A block of weight W rests on a horizontal floor with coefficient of static friction  . It is desired to
make the block move by applying minimum amount of force. The angle  from the horizontal at which
the force should be applied and magnitude of the force F are respectively.
W 1 W
(A)   tan 1    , F  (B)   tan 1   , F 
1   1  2
2
   W
(C)   0, F  W (D)   tan 1  , F 
 1   1 
55. An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very slowly. The coefficient of friction between the insect
and the surface is 1/3. If the line joining the centre of the hemispherical surface to the insect makes an
angle  with the vertical, the maximum possible value of  so that the insect does not slip is given by
(A) cot   3 (B) sec   3 (C) cosec   3 (D) cos   3
EXERCISE3
1. An inclined plane makes an angle 30o with the horizontal. A groove OA  5 m. cut in the plane makes
an angle 30o with OX. A short smooth cylinder is free to slide down due to the influence of gravity. The
time taken by the cylinder to reach from A to O is (Take g  10 m/s2)
30° 30°
O x
(A) 4 s (B) 2 s (C) 2 2 s (D) 1 s
2. A vessel containing water is in equilibrium on a beam balance. Will the equilibrium be affected if you
put your finger into the water without touching the bottom of the vessel?
(A) Affected (B) Not affected

3. In a vertical disc two grooves are made as shown below. AB is a diameter. Two balls are dropped at A
one in each groove, simultaneously. Then
A

C
B
(A) Time to reach at C is less than that to reach at B.
(B) Time to reach at C is greater than that to reach at B.
(C) Time to reach at C is equal to that to reach at B.
(D) The difference in time to reach at C and to reach at B may be positive, negative or zero depending
on .
JEE [79]
4. The sum of all electromagnetic force between different particles of a system of charged particles is zero
(A) Only if all the particles are positively charged
(B) Only if all the particles are negatively charged
(C) Only if all the particles are positively charged and half are negatively charged
(D) Irrespective of the signs of the charges.
5. Two objects A and B are thrown upward simultaneously with the same speed. The mass of A is greater
than the mass of B. Suppose the air exerts a constant and equal force of resistance on the two bodies:
(A) The two bodies will reach the same height
(B) A will go higher than B
(C) B will go higher than A
(D) Any of the above three may happen depending on the speed with which the objects are thrown
6. In an imaginary atmosphere, the air exerts a small force F on any particle in the direction of the
particle’s motion. A particle of mass m projected upward takes a time t1 in reaching the maximum
height and t2 in the return journey to the original point. Then
(A) t1  t2 (B) t1  t2
(C) t1  t2
(D) The relation between t1 and t2 depends on the mass of the particle.
7. Three blocks A, B and C are suspended as shown below. Mass of each of block A and B is m. If system
is in equilibrium, and mass of C is M then
A C B
(A) M  2m (B) M  2m (C) M  2m (D) M  2m
8. A steel ball is placed on the surface of water in a deep tank. Water exerts a resistive force which is
proportional to the velocity of the ball. The steel sinks into the water
(A) With constant acceleration equal to the gravitational acceleration.
(B) With constant acceleration less than the gravitational acceleration.
(C) With decreasing acceleration and finally attains a constant velocity.
(D) With acceleration decreasing initially and reversing after a finite time.
9. In the arrangement, shown below pulleys are mass less and frictionless and threads are in-extensible,
block of mass m1 will remain at rest if
m1
m2
m3
1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 3
(A)   (B)   (C) m1  m2  m3 (D)  
m1 m2 m3 m1 m2 m3 m3 m2 m1
JEE [80]
10. Two weight W1 and W2 are suspended from the ends of light string passing over a smooth fixed pulley.
If the pulley is pulled up with acceleration g, the tension in the string is
4W1W2 2W1W2 W1  W2 W1W2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
W1  W2 W1  W2 W1  W2 2 W1  W2 
11. A block is kept on a smooth inclined plane of angle of inclination 30o that moves with a constant
acceleration so that the block does not slide relative to the inclined plane. Let F1 be the contact force
between the block & the plane. Now the inclined plane stops and let F2 be the contact force between the
F1
two in this case. Then F2 is
(A) 1 (B) 4 3 (C) 2 (D) 3 2

12. In the arrangement as shown below m1  1 kg, m2  2 kg. Pulleys are mass-less and strings are light.
For what value of M the mass m1 moves with constant velocity (Neglect friction)
M
1
m2
m1
(A) 6 kg (B) 4 kg (C) 8 kg (D) 10 kg

13. An empty plastic box of mass m is found to accelerate up at the rate of g 6 when placed deep inside
water. How much sand should be put inside the box so that it may accelerate down at the rate of g 6
2m 2m 6m
(A) (B) (C) m 5 (D)
3 5 7
14. A balloon is descending at a constant acceleration a. The mass of the balloon is M. When a mass m is
released from the balloon it starts rising with acceleration a. Assuming that volume does not change
when the mass is released, what is the value of m? (Assume same upward buoyant force)
2a ag 2a Ma
(A) M (B)  M (C) (D)
a  g   2a  a  g  M ag
15. A trolley is being pulled up an inclined plane by a man sitting on it (as shown in figure). He applies a
force of 250 N. If the combined mass of the man and trolley is 100 kg, the acceleration of the trolley will
be (sin15° = 0.26)
250 N
15o
(A) 2.4 m/s2 (B) 9.4 m/s2 (C) 6.9 m/s2 (D) 4.9 m/s2
JEE [81]
16. Blocks A and C starts from rest and moves to the right with acceleration a A  12t m/s and aC  3 m/s2.
2
Here t is in seconds. The time when block B again comes to rest is
A C
(A) 2 s (B) 1 s (C) 3 2 s (D) 12 s

17. In order to raise a mass of 100 kg a man 60 kg fastens a rope to it passed the rope over a smooth pulley.
 
He climbs the rope with acceleration 5 4 g relative to rope. The tension in the rope is ( g  10 m/s2)
(A) 1430 N (B) 920 N (C) 1220 N (D) 750 N
18. In the shown figure two beads slide along a smooth horizontal rod as shown in figure. The relation
between v and v0 in the shown position will be
v0 v0
 
v
(A) v  v0 tan  (B) v  v0 cot 
(C) v  v0 sin  (D) v  v0 cos 
19. A hemisphere of mass 1 kg and radius 10 cm is resting on a smooth surface as shown in figure. A force
of 1 N is applied to the hemisphere at a height of 8 cm from the smooth surface. The acceleration of
sphere will be
1N
8 cm
(A) 0.6 m/s2 (B) 0.8 m/s2

(C) 1 m/s2 (D) none of these
20. Figure shows a heavy block kept on a frictionless surface and being pulled by two ropes of equal mass
m. At t  0 , the force on the left rope is withdrawn but the force on the right end continues to act. Let
F1 and F2 be the magnitudes of the forces acting on the block by the right rope and the left rope on the
block respectively, then
m m F
F
(A) F1  F2  F for t  0 (B) F1  F2  F  mg for t  0

(C) F1  F2  F for t  0 (D) F1  F , F2  F for t  0
JEE [82]
21. In the arrangement shown pulley and thread are mass less. Mass of plate is 20 kg and that of boy is 30
kg. Then
plate
(A) If the system is in equilibrium then the boy is applying 125 Newton force on the rope
(B) If normal reaction on the boy is equal to weight of the boy then the force applied on the rope by the
150
boy is g Newton
7
(C) If the boy applies no force on the string then the normal reaction on him is 30g
(D) None of the above is correct
22. A smooth ring of mass m can slide on a fixed horizontal rod. A string tied to the ring passes over a fixed
pulley B and carries a block C of mass 2m as shown below. As the ring starts sliding
A
m 
M
C
2mg
(A) The tension in the string is
1  2cos2 
2g cos 
(B) The acceleration of the ring is
1  2cos2 
2g
(C) The acceleration of the block is
1  2cos2 
(D) If the block descends with velocity v then the ring slides with velocity v cos  .
23. A block of mass m is kept on an inclined plane of mass 2 m and inclination  to horizontal. If the whole
system is accelerated such that the block does not slip on the wedge then
m
F 2m

East West
(A) The normal reaction acting on 2m due to m is mg sec 
(B) The normal reaction acting on 2m due to ground is 3mg upwards
(C) For the block m to remain at rest with respect to wedge a force F  3mg tan  must be applied on
2m
(D) Pseudo force acting on m with respect to ground is mg tan  towards west
JEE [83]
24. In the situation shown in figure F  500 Newton applied on the pulley. m1  5 kg and m2  10 kg and
pulley and strings are mass-less and frictionless. Then the acceleration of the pulley is ( g  10 m/s2)
F
m1 m2
(A) 40 m/s2 (B) 15 m/s2 (C) 27.5 m/s2 (D) 7.5 m/s2
25. In the figure, the pulley P moves to the right with a constant speed u. The downward speed of A is v A ,
and the speed of B to the right is v B
B P
u
A
(A) v A  vB (B) vB  v A  u (C) vB  u  v A
(D) The two blocks have accelerations of the same magnitude.
26. A box of mass 10 kg carries a block of mass 2 kg as shown below. The normal reaction acting on 2 kg
block is
2 kg
10 kg 2 kg
40 7
(A) N (B) N
7 40
(C) 0 N (D) 20 N
27. A trolley C can run on a smooth horizontal table. Two, much smaller but equal masses A and B are hung
by strings which pass over smooth pulleys. The string are long enough that when C is in equilibrium, A
and B both are just on the ground. The trolley is pulled slow to one side and released as shown below.
The graph of its velocity v against t will be as
C
v v
(A) t (B) t
O O
JEE [84]
v v
(C) t (D) t
O O
28. In the system shown in figure m1  m2 . System is held at rest by thread BP. Just after the thread BP is
burnt
m2
k
B
m1
A
(A) Acceleration of m2 will be upwards.

 m1  m2 
(B) Magnitude of acceleration of both blocks will be equal to  g .
 m1  m2 
(C) Acceleration of m1 will be equal to zero.
(D) Magnitudes of acceleration of two blocks will be non-zero and unequal.
29. Two particles A and B each of mass m are in equilibrium in a vertical plane under action of a horizontal
force F  mg on particle B. as shown in the figure. Then
 T1
A T2
 F  mg
B
(A) tan  2tan  (B) 2T1  5T2 (C) T1 2  T2 5 (D) None of these
30. The block B moves to the right with a constant velocity V0 as shown in the figure. The relative velocity
of body A with respect to body B is (Assume all pulleys and string to be ideal)
A B V0
(A) V0 2 towards right. (B) V0 2 towards left.
 
(C) 3 2 V0 towards right  
(D) 3 2 V0 towards left.
31. A man has fallen into a ditch of width d and two of his friends are slowly pulling him out using a light
rope and two fixed pulleys as shown below. Indicate the correct statements: (assume both the friends
apply equal forces of equal magnitude)
d
JEE [85]
(A) The force exerted by both the friends increases as the man moves up.
(B) The force exerted by both the friends decreases as the man moves up.
mg
(C) The force applied by each friend is d 2  4h 2 when the man is at depth of h.
4h
mg
(D) The force applied by each friend is d2  h 2 .
h
32. In arrangement shown below, the thread pulley and spring are all mass-less and there is no friction
anywhere. The system is in equilibrium. If thread connecting m4 to ground is cut then just after thread is
cut
m1 m3
k k
m2 m4
(A) acceleration of m1  m2  m3  0 (B) acceleration of m4  0
(C) acceleration of m1  m2  m3  m4  0 (D) acceleration of m4 

m1  m2   m3  m4  g
m4
33. In the following figure all surfaces are smooth. The system is released from rest, then
m

(A) acceleration of m is g (B) acceleration of wedge is greater then g sin 
(C) acceleration of m is g 1  2cos2  (D) acceleration of wedge is g sin 

34. In above question the time taken by m to touch the inclined plane will be
2L 2L
(A)  (B) 
g g
2L
(C)  (D) None
g
35. In above question, the normal force acting between
(A) m and wedge is zero (B) wedge and incline plane is Mg cos 
(C) m and wedge is mg cos  (D) m and wedge is mg sin 
JEE [86]
36. In the shown figure, the trolley move with constant acceleration a and the string connecting the masses
m1 and m2 make constant angles 1 and  2 . If m1  m2  m , then
1 2
m1 m2
a
(A) 1  2  
(B) 1  2  tan a g
(C) tension in the string is mg (D) force applied by strings on pulley is 2m a 2  g 2

37. In above question if m1  1 kg and m2  2 kg then, acceleration of blocks are
g2  a2  
(A) equal, given by w.r.t. trolley (B) unequal, am1  am2 w.r.t. ground
3
 
(C) unequal, am2  am1 w.r.t. ground
 
(D) equal and acts in a direction making angle tan1 a g with vertical w.r.t. trolley
38. A block is kept inside an elevator which is ascending up at an angle 60o with the horizontal with an
acceleration of 5 m/s2. The minimum value of  for which the block does not slip on the elevator floor
is
a  5 m/s2
60o
1 1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
4 3 4 3 4 3
39. A stationary body of small mass m is slowly lowered onto a rough massive platform moving at a
constant velocity V0  4 m/s. The distance the body will slide with respect to the platform   0.2 is
m
platform v 0  4 m/s
smooth
(A) 4 m (B) 6 m (C) 12 m (D) 8 m

40. In the diagram shown the ground is smooth and F1 and F2 are both horizontal forces. The mass of the
upper block is 10 kg while that of lower block is 15 kg. The correct statement is
m1  10 kg
  0.1 F1
F2 m2  15 kg
West smooth Eest
(A) m1 experiences frictional force towards west only if F1 > F2
JEE [87]
(B) If F1  F2 then it is possible to keep the system in equilibrium for certain suitable values of F1 and
F2.
(C) If the system is to remain in equilibrium then F1 must be equal to F2 and F2  10 N.
F1 F2
(D) If  , then frictional force between the blocks is zero.
m1 m2
41. Given mA  30 kg, mB  10 , mC  20 kg. Between A and B 1  0.3 , between B and C 2  0.2 &
between C and ground 3  0.1. The least horizontal force F to start motion of any part of the system of
three blocks resting upon one another as shown below is (Take g  10 m/s2)
A F
B
C
(A) 60 N (B) 90 N (C) 80 N (D) 150 N

42. The coefficient of friction between the block A of mass m and block B of mass 2m is µ. There is no
friction between block B and the inclined plane. If the system of blocks A and B is released from rest
and there is no slipping between A and B then
A
B

(A) 2  cos
1
 2  (B) 2  sin
1
 2  (C)   tan 1    (D) 2  tan
1
 2 
43. A block A is placed over a long rough plank B of same mass as shown below. The plank is placed over a
smooth horizontal surface. At time t  0 , block A is given a velocity v0 in horizontal direction. Let v1
and v2 be the velocity of A and B at time t. Then choose the correct graph between v1 or v2 and t
A v0
B
v1,v 2
v1,v 2
v1
v1
v2
t v2
O t
(A) (B) O
v1,v 2 v1,v 2
v1 v1
v2
v2
t t
(C) O (D) O
JEE [88]
44. If you want to pile up sand onto a circular area of radius R. The greatest height of the sand pile that can
be erected without spilling the sand onto the surrounding area, if µ is the coefficient of friction between
sand particles is
(A) R (B)  2 R (C) µR (D) R


45. A man of mass 60 kg is pulling a mass M by an inextensible light rope passing through a smooth and
mass-less pulley as shown. The coefficient of friction between the man and the ground is   1 . The
2
maximum value of M that can be pulled by the man without slipping on the ground is approximately
60o
M
(A) 51 kg (B) 26 kg (C) 46 kg (D) 32 kg

46. A wedge of mass 2m and a cube of mass m are shown in figure. Between cube and wedge, there is no
friction. The minimum coefficient of friction between wedge and ground so that wedge does not move is
(A) 0.10 (B) 0.20 (C) 0.25 (D) 0.50
47. A system of masses is shown in the figure with masses and coefficients of friction indicated. The
frictional force between A and B is
  0.3 mA  1 kg
mB  2 kg
12 N
  0.4 mC  3 kg
smooth
(A) 1 N (B) 2 N (C) 3 N (D) 4 N

48. Two masses A and B of 10 kg and 5 kg respectively are connected with a string passing over a
frictionless pulley fixed at the corner of a table as shown in figure. The coefficient of friction of A with
the table is 0.2. The minimum mass of C that may be placed on A to prevent it from moving is equal to
C
10 kg A
5 kg
B
(A) 15 N (B) 10 N (C) 5 N (D) zero

49. In the figure shown m1  5 kg, m2  10 kg and friction coefficient between m1 and m2 is   0.1 and
ground is frictionless then
  0.1 m1  5 kg
m2  10 kg
smooth
JEE [89]
20
(A) If a horizontal force F  20 N is applied on m2 then friction force acting on m1 is N in the
3
direction of applied force.
(B) If a horizontal force F  20 N is applied on m1 then the friction force acting on m2 is 5 N in the
direction of F.
(C) Maximum amount of horizontal force that can be applied to m1 such that there is no relative motion
between the blocks is 8 N.
(D) Maximum amount of horizontal force that can be applied to m2 such that there is no relative motion
between blocks is 15 N.
50. A heavy conveyer belt is moving with uniform speed 2 m/s as shown. A small block of mass m is kept
on another block of equal mass but of length   2 m. At a certain instant this two block system is gently
placed on the belt. If there is no friction between the blocks and the friction coefficient between the
blocks and belt is   0.1 then the time after which the upper block separates from lower block is
m   0.1
m
2 m.
2 m/s.
(A) 1s (B) 3 s (C) 2 s (D) None of these

2
51. In the arrangement shown, coefficient of friction for all the surfaces is µ and blocks are moving with
constant speeds, then
T1 m A
B
F
2m
(A) T1  2 mg (B) T1   mg (C) F  3 mg (D) F  5 mg
52. A triangular block of mass m rests on a fixed rough inclined plane having friction coefficient µ with the
block. A horizontal forces F is applied to it as shown in figure below, then the correct statement is
F

(A) Normal reaction on the block is F sin   mg cos  .

(B) Friction force is zero when F cos  mg sin  .
(C) The value of limiting friction is   mg sin   F cos   .
(D) The value of limiting friction is   mg sin   F cos   .
JEE [90]
53. In the arrangement shown in the figure all surfaces are frictionless, pulley and strings are light. The
masses of the block are m1  20 kg and m2  30 kg. The accelerations of mass m1 and m2 will be, if
F  180 N
m1
m2
F
(A) am  9 m/s2; am  0 (B) am  9 m/s2; am  9 m/s2

1 2 1 2
(C) am  0 ; am  9 m/s 2
(D) none of these
1 2
54. Suppose F, FN and f are the magnitudes of the contact force, normal force and the frictional force
exerted by one surface on the other, kept in contact. If none of these is zero
(A) F  FN (B) F  f (C) FN  f (D)  FN  f    FN  f 
55. A man of mass 50 kg is pulling a plank of mass 100 kg kept on a smooth floor as shown with force of
100 N. If both man and plank move together, find force of friction acting on man.
50 kg
  16
smooth
100 100
(A) N towards left (B) N towards right
3 3
250 250
(C) N towards left (D) N towards right
3 3
56. Block A is placed on block B. There is friction between the blocks, while the ground is smooth. A
horizontal force P, increasing linearly with time, begins to act on A. The accelerations a1 and a2 of A
and B respectively are plotted against time t. The correct graph is

A
B P
a a a a1 a a1
a1 a1
a2 a2
a2 a2
a1, a2 a1, a2 a1, a2
(A) t (B) t (C) t (D) t
57. In the shown diagram m1  m2  4 kg and m3  2 kg. Coefficient of friction between m1 and m2 is
0.5. The mass m1 is given a velocity v and it just stops at the other end of the mass m2 in 1 sec. Let a1 ,
a2 and a3 be the acceleration m1 , m2 and m3 respectively, then

v m1
m2
m3
(A) the value of v is 5 m/s (B) for t  1 sec, a1  5 m/s2, a2  a3  1 m/s2

3
(C) for t  1 sec, a1  5 m/s2, a2  a3  0 (D) for t  1 sec, a1  a2  a3  2 m/s2
JEE [91]
58. O is a point at the bottom of a rough plane inclined at an angle  to horizontal. Coefficient of friction
tan  3 tan 
between AB is and between BO is . B is the mid-point of AO. A block is released from
2 2
rest at A, then which of the following graphs represents correct variation of acceleration of block with
time
A
B

O
a v v
a
(A) (B) (C) (D)

O Time
  2 
O Time O Time O Time
59. In above question
(A) velocity of block at B will be maximum (B) velocity of block at O will be maximum
(C) velocity of block at O will be zero (D) average velocity of the block is zero
60. The friction coefficient between plank and floor is . The man applies, the maximum possible force on
the string and the system remains at rest. Then
2  mg
(A) tension in the string is
1 
2  mg
(B) frictional force between plank and surface is
1 
(C) frictional force on man is zero
(D) net force on man is zero
61. In the shown figure, friction exists between wedge and block and also between wedge and floor. The
system is in equilibrium in the shown position.
(A) frictional force between wedge and block is  mg

(B) frictional force between wedge and surface is   M  m g
(C) frictional force between wedge and surface is mg
m
(D) minimum coefficient of friction required to hold the system in equilibrium is
M m
JEE [92]
62. If wedge is moving with acceleration a as shown in the figure and co-efficient of friction between two
blocks is , then net force on m is
M a
(A) ma (B) 2ma (C) mg   ma (D) zero

63. The adjacent figure shows a small block of mass m kept over a plank of mass M. The complete system is
given velocity v0 towards right. The coefficient of friction between plank and horizontal plane is 1
and between plank and block is  2 then
2 m
1 M
(A) if 1  0 and 2  0 then frictional force on small block will act towards left.
(B) if 1  0 and 2  0 then no frictional force will act between block and plank
(C) if 1  2 then, no relative slipping will occur between block and plank.
(D) if 1  2 then, no relative slipping will occur between block and plank.
65. In the shown diagram friction exists at each contact surface with coefficient  and the blocks are at rest,
then
m
M

(A) frictional force on m kg is mg sin 

(B) frictional force between wedge and surface is mg sin  cos 
(C) normal force by the surface is  M  m  g
(D) net force on m is zero.
JEE [93]
ANSWER KEY
Exercise  1
1. (A) 14. (B) 27. (C) 40. (D) 53. (B)
2. (A), (C) 15. (A) 28. (B) 41. (D) 54. (B)
3. (A) 16. (A) 29. (C) 42. (B) 55. (A), (B), (C)
4. (C) 17. (C) 30. (C) 43. (B), (C) 56. (A), (D)
5. (C),(D) 18. (C) 31. (A) 44. (C), (D) 57. (A), (C)
6. (A), (B) 19. (D) 32. (D) 45. (B) 58. (C)
7. (D) 20. (C) 33. 46. (A) 59. (B)
8. (A), (B), (C) 21. (A) 34. (B), (C) 47. 60. (A), (B), (C)
9. (D) 22. (B) 35. (B) 48. (A) 61. (B), (C)
10. (C) 23. (C) 36. (B) 49. (B) 62. (B)
11. (C) 24. (C) 37. (D) 50. (C) 63. (B)
12. (B) 25. (A) 38. (D) 51. (A), (B), (D) 64. (C)
13. (B) 26. (B) 39. (C) 52. (B)
Exercise  2
1. (C) 12. (D) 23. (C) 34. (A) 45. (C)

2. (A) 13. (A) 24. (D) 35. (D) 46. (B)
3. (B) 14. (D) 25. (C) 36. (D) 47. (B)
4. (B) 15. (A) 26. (D) 37. (B) 48. (A)
5. (B) 16. (C) 27. (C) 38. (A) 49. (D)
6. (C) 17. (B) 28. (D) 39. (C) 50. (A)
7. (B) 18. (C) 29. (D) 40. (B) 51. (B)
8. (D) 19. (D) 30. (C) 41. (A) 52. (D)
9. (D) 20. (A) 31. (D) 42. (A) 53. (D)
10. (D) 21. (C) 32. (C) 43. (D) 54. (A)
11. (B) 22. (C) 33. (B) 44. (B) 55. (A)
Exercise  3
1. (B) 17. (C) 33. (A), (D) 49. (B), (D)
2. (A) 18. (B) 34. (C) 50. (B)
3. (C) 19. 35. (A), (B) 51. (B), (D)
4. (D) 20. (A) 36. (B), (D) 52. (A), (B)
5. (B) 21. (A), (B) 37. (A), (B), (D) 53. (A)
6. (B) 22. (B), (C) 38. (D) 54. (A), (B), (D)
7. (B) 23. (A), (B), (C) 39. (A) 55. (A)
8. (C) 24. (C) 40. (C) 56. (C)
9. (B) 25. (B), (D) 41. (A) 57. (A), (C), (D)
10. (A) 26. (A) 42. (C) 58. (B),(D)
11. (B) 27. (C) 43. (B) 59. (A),(C)
12. (C) 28. (A), (C) 44. (C) 60. (A),(B),(C),(D)
13. (B) 29. (A), (C) 45. (D) 61. (C), (D)
14. (C) 30. (A) 46. (B) 62. (B)
15. 31. (A),(C) 47. (B) 64. (B), (D)
16. (D) 32. (A), (D) 48. (A) 65. (A), (C), (D)

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JEE [1]

(iii) at the highest point where it is momentarily at rest

Calculate the acceleration of person A at that instant.

If F1  10N and F2  5N , the acceleration of the mass is:

The boat will:

1. Gravitational 17. (i) straight line; (ii) parabola

16. 1.11015 N 39. (A)

Now using Newton’s II law in vertical direction:

N2  100 N sin37  50 N  110N

N2  N1 sin   mg tan  N1 cos  mg

Applying Newton’s II law for the blocks,

Now, 60N  T1  6kg(2a)

And, 2T1  T2  0 [As pulley B is massless]

Solving, 2  60  12a   150  15a   0

(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)

(i) Find acceleration of each block.

(A) zero (B) 13 N (C) 3.3 N (D) 19.6 N

(A) 10m/s 2 (B) 5m/s 2 (C) Zero (D) Data insufficient

(A) 3a (B) ( 2  1)a (C) 2a (D) a

(A) 6mg (B) 3mg (C) 4mg (D) None of these

(iii) T  12 N; a  1m/s2 64. (D)

(iii) a  6m/s2 ; T  16N 73. (C)

Newton’s laws of motion hold under following conditions:

ma0 cos  mg sin   ma

or a  a0 cos  g sin  . ...(i)

Components of the force perpendicular to the incline give

N  ma0 sin   mg cos ...(ii)

(ii) N normal to the incline (by the block),

N sin   Ma0 or, N  Ma0 / sin  . ...(iii)

Mg sin  cos2  ( M  m) g sin 

For m1 : T  m1 g  m1a0  m1a ...(i)

Solving (i) and (ii), we have

5. Miscellaneous application of Newton’s Laws

m3 with respect to the ground  a0  a (downward).

The forces on this light pulley are

 T  2Ma  Mg sin  ...(i)

Now 2T  2Ma  2Mg  0

From equation (i),

2  2Ma  Mg sin    2Ma  2Mg  0

 4Ma  2Mg sin   2Ma  2Mg  0

 6Ma  2Mg sin30  2Mg  0

Solution: Free body diagram

And for the hanging block,

Solving the above two equations,

Answer: m sin  cos

For horizontal forces on block B,

For horizontal forces on block C,

A  6.25ms2 and c  1.25ms2

Vertical acceleration of A  a  6.25ms2 (downward)

Horizontal acceleration of A  c  1.25ms2 (rightward)

Acceleration of B   a  c   5.00ms2 (leftward)

Acceleration of C  c  1.25ms2 (rightward)

(i) F = 35 N (ii) F = 70 N (iii) F = 140 N

(i) (ii) (iii)

(A) Zero (B) 2.5 ms 2 (C) 10/7 ms 2 (D) 5/7 ms 2

(A) T1  T2 (B) T1  T2 (C) T1  T2 (D) Data insufficient

(A) a1  a2  0 (B) a1  a2  0 (C) a1  a2 (D) a1  a2

(A) Zero (B) 2g/23 (C) 3g/23 (D) None

(A) g / 5 (B) 5 g / 5 (C) 2 g / 5 (D) 2 g / 3