EEE 21 Syllabus 114 165

114
High Voltage and Power System Protection

(Theory and Practical)
Course Code 21EE71 CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 2:0:2:0 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 Total Marks 100
Credits 03 Exam Hours 03
Course objectives:
(1)To discuss conduction and breakdown in gaseous, liquid and solid dielectrics.
(2)To discuss generation and measurement of high voltages and currents.
(3)To discuss non-destructive testing of insulating materials and electrical apparatus.
(4)To discuss the construction, operating principles and performance characteristics of protective devices.
(5)To discuss the different protection schemes used in power system apparatus.
(6)To discuss protection against overvoltages, insulation coordination in electric power systems and Gas Insulated
Substation (GIS).
(7)To conduct the experiment by applying High voltages for checking the breakdown phenomenon and dielectric
strength in different types of insulations.
(8)To conduct experiments and verify the characteristics of electromechanical and microprocessor based relays.
(9)To verify the operation of motor protection for different faults.
Teaching-Learning Process (General Instructions)

These are sample Strategies, which teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the various course outcomes.
1. Lecturer method (L) needs not to be only traditional lecture method, but alternative effective teaching methods
could be adopted to attain the outcomes.
2. Use of Video/Animation to explain functioning of various concepts.
3. Encourage collaborative (Group Learning) Learning in the class.
4. Ask at least three HOT (Higher order Thinking) questions in the class, which promotes critical thinking.
5. Adopt Problem Based Learning (PBL), which fosters students’ Analytical skills, develop design thinking skills
such as the ability to design, evaluate, generalize, and analyse information rather than simply recall it.
6. Introduce Topics in manifold representations.
7. Show the different ways to solve the same problem with different circuits/logic and encourage the students to
come up with their own creative ways to solve them.
8. Discuss how every concept can be applied to the real world - and when that's possible, it helps improve the
students' understanding.
Module-1
Introduction to high voltage engineering: Advantages, Limitations and applications.
Conduction and Breakdown in Gases: Introduction, Ionization Processes, Townsend's Current Growth Equation
and it’s Criterion for Breakdown, Streamer Theory of Breakdown in Gases, Paschen's Law, Breakdown in Non-
Uniform Fields and Corona Discharges.
Conduction and Breakdown in Liquid Dielectrics: Introduction, Conduction and Breakdown in Liquid
Dielectrics
Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics: Introduction, Different types of break studies in Solid Dielectrics.
Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.
Module-2
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Generation of High Voltages and Currents: Generation of High Direct Current Voltages, High Alternating
Voltages, Impulse Voltages and Impulse Currents.
Measurement of High Voltages and Currents: Measurement of High Direct Current Voltages, High AC and
Impulse Voltages, High Currents of Direct, Alternating and Impulse.
Non-Destructive Testing of Materials and Electrical Apparatus: Introduction, Measurement of Dielectric
Constant and Loss Factor, Partial Discharge Measurements.

Module-3
Introduction to Power System Protection: Need for protective schemes, Types of Fault and it’s Effects, Essential
Qualities of Protection, Primary and Backup Protection. Relay Construction and Operating Principles: Introduction,
Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays, Comparison
between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.
Overcurrent Protection: Introduction, Time–current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time Setting, Directional
Relay, Protection of Parallel Feeders and Ring Mains, Earth Fault, Phase Fault Protection and Combined Earth and
Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Static Overcurrent Relays, Numerical Overcurrent Relays.
Module-4
Distance Protection: Introduction, Impedance Relay, Reactance Relay, Mho Relay, Effect of Power Surges, Line
Length and Source Impedance on Performance of Distance Relays.
Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current Protection.
Differential Protection: Introduction, Differential Relays, Percentage Differential Relay, Balanced Voltage
Differential Protection.
Protection of Generators, Transformer and Bus zone Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators.
Transformer Protection, Buszone Protection.
Module-5
Circuit Breakers: Introduction, Arc Voltage, Arc Interruption, Restriking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current
Chopping. Air Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers,
Testing of Circuit Breakers.
Protection against Overvoltages: Causes of Overvoltages, Lightning phenomena, Klydonograph and Magnetic
Link, Protection of power stations and Sub–Stations, Insulation Coordination.
Practical component of High Voltage and Power System Protection

(For CIE only)
Sl
No
1 Over Current Relay: (a) Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) Non - Directional Characteristics (b)
Directional Features (c) IDMT Directional.
2 IDMT Characteristics of Over Voltage or Under Voltage Relay (Solid State or Electromechanical type).
3 Operation of Negative Sequence Relay.
4 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over –Current Relay.
5 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Distance Relay.
6 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over/Under Voltage Relay.
7 Motor Protection against Faults.
8 Spark Over Characteristics of Air subjected to High Voltage AC with Spark Voltage Corrected to Standard
Temperature and Pressure for Uniform [as per IS1876: 2005]and Non-uniform [as per IS2071(Part 1) : 1993]
Configurations: Sphere – Sphere, Point –Plane, Point – Point and Plane – Plane.
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9 Spark Over Characteristics of Air subjected to High voltage DC.

10 Measurement of HVAC and HVDC using Standard Spheres as per IS 1876 :2005
11 Measurement of Breakdown Strength of Transformer Oil as per IS 1876 :2005
Course outcome (Course Skill Set)
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
(1) Apply the knowledge of dielectric property for insulation, it’s performances as per Standards and High voltage
application in power system Equipment’s.
(2) Analyze the circuits of high voltages, high currents in Generation and Measurements.
(3)Apply relays to the power system protection.
(4)Discuss the construction, operating principles and performances of circuit breaker.
(5)Discuss protection of generators, motors, Transformer and Bus Zone Protection.
(6)Describe the causes of over voltages and their remedial measures.
(7)Analyze the spark over characteristics using High voltages for checking the breakdown phenomenon and
dielectric strength of dielectric materials.
(8)Experimentally verify the characteristics of over current, over voltage, under voltage using electromagnetic,
static, distance and impedance relays.
(9)Demonstration of protective schemes for motor and feeders.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%. The
minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50). A student shall be deemed
to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if the student
secures not less than 35% ( 18 Marks out of 50)in the semester-end examination(SEE), and a minimum of 40% (40
marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End
Examination) taken together
Continuous Internal Evaluation:
Three Unit Tests each of 20 Marks (duration 01 hour)
 First test at the end of 5th week of the semester
 Second test at the end of the 10th week of the semester
 Third test at the end of the 15th week of the semester
Two assignments each of 10 Marks
 First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester
 Second assignment at the end of 9th week of the semester
Group discussion/Seminar/quiz any one of three suitably planned to attain the COs and POs for 20 Marks
(duration 01 hours)
 At the end of the 13th week of the semester
The sum of three tests, two assignments, and quiz/seminar/group discussion will be out of 100 marks and will be
scaled down to 50 marks
(to have less stressed CIE, the portion of the syllabus should not be common /repeated for any of the methods of
the CIE. Each method of CIE should have a different syllabus portion of the course).
CIE methods /question paper is designed to attain the different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy as per the
outcome defined for the course.
Semester End Examination:
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for the
subject (duration 03 hours)
 The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
 There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum of
3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
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Suggested Learning Resources:

Textbooks
1. High Voltage Engineering, M.S.Naidu and Kamaraju- 5th Edition, THM, 2013
2. Power System Protection and Switchgear Badri Ram, D.N. Vishwakarma McGraw Hill 2nd Edition.
Reference Books
1. High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals, E.Kuffel and W.S. Zaengl, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Press, 2000.
1. 2. High Voltage Engineering, C.L.Wadhwa, New Age International Private limited, 3rd Edition, 2012.
2. 3. Protection and Switchgear, Bhavesh et al, Oxford, 1st Edition, 2011.
3. 4. Power System Switchgear and Protection, N. Veerappan, S.R. Krishnamurthy, S. Chand, 1st Edition, 2009.
Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning

Activity Based Learning, Quizzes, Seminars.
118
Power System Operation and Control

Course objectives:
(1)To describe various levels of controls in power systems and the vulnerability of the system.
(2)To explain components, architecture and configuration of SCADA.
(3)To explain basic generator control loops, functions of Automatic generation control, speed governors and
mathematical models of Automatic Load Frequency Control
(4)To explain automatic generation control, voltage and reactive power control in an interconnected power
system.
(5)To explain reliability and contingency analysis, state estimation and related issues.
Module-1
Introduction: Operating States of Power System, Objectives of Control, Key Concepts of Reliable
Operation, Preventive and Emergency Controls, Energy Management Centers.
Supervisory Control and Data acquisition (SCADA): Introduction, components, application in Power
System, basic functions and advantages. Building blocks of SCADA system, components of RTU,
communication subsystem, IED functional block diagram.
Classification of SCADA system: Single master–single remote; Single master–multiple RTU; Multiple
master–multiple RTUs; and Single master, multiple submaster, multiple remote.
Module-2
Automatic Generation Control (AGC): Introduction, Schematic diagram of load frequency and excitation
voltage regulators of turbo generators, Load frequency control (Single area case), Turbine speed governing
system, Model of speed governing system, Turbine model, Generator load model, Complete block diagram of
representation of load frequency control of an isolated power system, Steady state analysis, Control area
concept, Proportional plus Integral Controller.

Module-3
Automatic Generation Control in Interconnected Power system: Two area load frequency control, Optimal
(Two area) load frequency control by state variable, Automatic voltage control, Load frequency control
with generation rate constraints (GRCs), Speed governor dead band and its effect on AGC, Digital LF Controllers,
Decentralized control.
Module-4
119
Control of Voltage and Reactive Power: Introduction, Generation and absorption of reactive power, Relation
between voltage, power and reactive power at a node, Methods of voltage control: i. Injection of reactive power,
Shunt capacitors and reactors, Series capacitors, Synchronous compensators, Series injection. ii Tap changing
transformers. Combined use of tap changing transformers and reactive power injection, Booster transformers,
Phase shift transformers, Voltage collapse.
Module-5
Power System Security: Introduction, Factors affecting power system security, Contingency Analysis,
Linear Sensitivity Factors, AC power flow methods, Contingency Selection and Ranking.
State estimation of Power Systems: Introduction, Linear Least Square Estimation.

At the end of the course the student will be able to :
(1)Describe various levels of controls in power systems, architecture and configuration of SCADA.
(2)Develop and analyze mathematical models of Automatic Load Frequency Control.
(3)Develop mathematical model of Automatic Generation Control in Interconnected Power system.
(4)Discuss the Control of Voltage, Reactive Power and Voltage collapse.
(5)Explain security, contingency analysis, and state estimation of power systems.

secures not less than 35% ( 18 Marks out of 50)in the semester-end examination(SEE), and a minimum of 40%
(40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End
1. First test at the end of 5th week of the semester
2. Second test at the end of the 10th week of the semester
3. Third test at the end of the 15th week of the semester
4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

5. Second assignment at the end of 9th week of the semester
(duration 01 hours)
6. At the end of the 13th week of the semester
(to have less stressed CIE, the portion of the syllabus should not be common /repeated for any of the methods
of the CIE. Each method of CIE should have a different syllabus portion of the course).
120

Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for
the subject (duration 03 hours)
Textbooks
1. Power System Operation and Control, K. Uma Rao, Wiley, 1st Edition, 2012.
2. Modern Power System Analysis, D. P. Kothari, McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2011.
3. Power Generation Operation and Control, Allen J Wood et al, Wiley, 2nd Edition, 2003.
4. Electric Power Systems, B M Weedy, B J Cory, Wiley. 4th Edition, 2012.
Reference Books
1. Computer-Aided Power System Analysis, G. L. Kusic, CRC Press, 2nd Edition.2010.
2. Power System SCADA and Smart Grid, Mini S Thom and John D. McDonald, CRC Press 2015.
3. Power System Stability and Control, Kundur, McGraw Hill, 8th Reprint, 2009.

121
Power System Planning

Course objectives:
(1)To discuss primary components of power system planning namely load furcating, evaluation of energy
resources, provisions of electricity Act and Energy Conservation Act.
(2)To explain planning methodology for optimum power system expansion, various types of generation,
transmission and distribution.
(3)To explain forecasting of anticipated future load requirements of both demand and energy by deterministic and
statistical techniques using forecasting tools.
(4)To discuss methods to mobilize resources to meet the investment requirement for the power sector.
(5)To perform economic appraisal to allocate the resources efficiently and take proper investment decisions
(6)To discuss expansion of power generation and planning for system energy in the country
(7)To discuss evaluation of operating states of transmission system, their associated contingencies and
determination of the stability of the system for worst case conditions
(8)To discuss principles of distribution planning, supply rules, network development and the system studies.
(9)To discuss reliability criteria for generation, transmission, distribution and reliability evaluation and
analysis.
(10)To discuss grid reliability, voltage disturbances and their remedies.
(11)To discuss planning and implementation of electric –utility activities designed to influence consumer
uses of electricity.
(12)To discuss market principles and the norms framed by CERC for online trading and exchange in the
interstate power market.
Module-1
Power System: Planning Principles, Planning Process, Project Planning, Power Development, National and
Regional Planning, Enterprise Resources Planning, Planning Tools, Power Planning Organisation, Scenario
Planning.
Electricity Forecasting: Load Requirement, System Load, Electricity Forecasting, Forecasting Techniques,
Forecasting Modelling, Spatial – Load Forecasting, Peak Load - Forecast, Reactive – Load Forecast, Unloading
of a System.
Module-2
Power-System Economics: Financial Planning, Techno – Economic Viability, Private Participation, Financial
Analysis, Economic Analysis, Transmission, Rural Electrification Investment, Total System Analysis, Credit -
Risk Assessment.
Generation Expansion: Generation Capacity and Energy, Generation Mix, Clean Coal Technologies
Renovation and Modernisation of Power Plants.
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Module-3
Transmission Planning: Transmission Planning Criteria, Right – of – Way, Network Studies, High – Voltage
Transmission, HVDC Transmission, Conductors, Sub – Stations, Power Grid, Reactive Power Planning, Energy
Storage.
Module-4
Distribution: Distribution Deregulation, Planning Principles, Electricity – Supply Rules, Criteria and Standards,
Sub – Transmission, Basic Network, Low Voltage Direct Current Electricity, Upgradation of Existing Lines and
Sub – Stations, Network Development, System Studies, Urban Distribution, Rural Electrification.
Reliability and Quality: Reliability Models, System Reliability, Reliability and Quality Planning,
Functional Zones, Generation Reliability Planning Criteria, Transmission Reliability Criteria, Distribution
Reliability, Reliability Evaluation, Grid Reliability, Quality of Supply.
Module-5
Demand-Side Planning: Demand Response, Demand – Response Programmes, Demand– Response
Technologies, Energy Efficiency, Energy - Economical Products, Efficient – Energy Users, Supply – Side
Efficiency, Energy Audit.
Electricity Market: Market Principles, Power Pool, Independent System Operator, Distribution System
Operator, Power Markets, Market Rules, Bidding, Trading, Settlement System, Merchant Power,
Differential Electricity, Congestion Management, Ancillary Services, Hedging, Smart Power Market.

(1)Discuss primary components of power system planning, planning methodology for optimum power system
expansion and load forecasting.
(2)Understand economic appraisal to allocate the resources efficiently and appreciate the investment
decisions
(3)Discuss expansion of power generation and planning for system energy in the country, evaluation of
operating states of transmission system, their associated contingencies and the stability of the system.
(4)Discuss principles of distribution planning, supply rules, network development and the system studies
(5)Discuss reliability criteria for generation, transmission, distribution and reliability evaluation and analysis, grid
reliability, voltage disturbances and their remedies
(6)Discuss planning and implementation of electric –utility activities, market principles and the norms framed.
123

(duration 01 hours)
Textbook
1. Electric Power Planning, A. S. Pabla, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2016.
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Smart Grid
Course objectives:
(1)To define smart grid and discuss the progress made by different stakeholders in the design and
development of smart grid.
(2)To explain the measurement techniques using PMUs and smart meters.
(3)To discuss tools for the analysis of smart grid and design, operation and performance.
(4)To discuss incorporating performance tools such as voltage and angle stability and state estimation into smart
grid.
(5)To discuss classical optimization techniques and computational methods for smart grid design, planning and
operation.
(6)To discuss the development of predictive grid management and control technology for enhancing the smart
grid performance.
(7)To discuss development of cleaner, more environmentally responsible technologies for the electric
system.
(8)To discuss the fundamental tools and techniques essential to the design of the smart grid.
(9)To describe methods to promote smart grid awareness and enhancement.
(10)To discuss methods to make the existing transmission system smarter by investing in new technology
5. Adopt Problem Based Learning (PBL), which fosters students’ Analytical skills, develop design thinking
skills such as the ability to design, evaluate, generalize, and analyse information rather than simply recall it.
7. Show the different ways to solve the same problem with different circuits/logic and encourage the students
to come up with their own creative ways to solve them.
Module-1
Smart Grid Architectural Designs: Introduction, Today’s Grid versus the Smart Grid, Energy
Independence and Security Act of 2007: Rationale for the Smart Grid, Computational Intelligence, Power
System Enhancement, Communication and Standards, Environment and Economics, General View of the Smart
Grid Market Drivers, Stakeholder Roles and Function, Working Definition of the Smart Grid Based on
Performance Measures, Representative Architecture, Functions of Smart Grid Components.
Smart Grid Communications and Measurement Technology: Communication and Measurement,
Monitoring, PMU, Smart Meters, and Measurements Technologies, GIS and Google Mapping Tools, Multiagent
Systems (MAS) Technology, Microgrid and Smart Grid Comparison.
Performance Analysis Tools for Smart Grid Design: Introduction to Load Flow Studies, Challenges
to Load Flow in Smart Grid and Weaknesses of the Present Load Flow Methods, Load Flow State of the Art:
Classical, Extended Formulations, and Algorithms, Congestion Management Effect, Load Flow for Smart Grid
Design, DSOPF Application to the Smart Grid, Static Security Assessment (SSA) and Contingencies,
Contingencies and Their Classification, Contingency Studies for the Smart Grid
Module-2
125
Stability Analysis Tools for Smart Grid: Introduction to Stability, Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing
Voltage Stability Analysis Tools, Voltage Stability Assessment, Voltage Stability Assessment Techniques,
Voltage Stability Indexing, Analysis Techniques for Steady-State Voltage Stability Studies, Application and
Implementation Plan of Voltage Stability, Optimizing Stability Constraint through Preventive Control of
Voltage Stability, Angle Stability Assessment, State Estimation.
Module-3
Computational Tools for Smart Grid Design: Introduction to Computational Tools, Decision Support
Tools, Optimization Techniques, Classical Optimization Method, Heuristic Optimization, Evolutionary
Computational Techniques, Adaptive Dynamic Programming Techniques, Pareto Methods, Hybridizing
Optimization Techniques and Applications to the Smart Grid, Computational Challenges.
Pathway for Designing Smart Grid: Introduction to Smart Grid Pathway Design, Barriers and Solutions
to Smart Grid Development, Solution Pathways for Designing Smart Grid Using Advanced Optimization and
Control Techniques for Selection Functions, General Level Automation, Bulk Power Systems Automation
of the Smart Grid at Transmission Level, Distribution System Automation Requirement of the Power
Grid, End User/Appliance Level of the Smart Grid, Applications for Adaptive Control and Optimization.

Module-4
Renewable Energy and Storage: Renewable Energy Resources, Sustainable Energy Options for the Smart
Grid, Penetration and Variability Issues Associated with Sustainable Energy Technology, Demand Response
Issues, Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids, PHEV Technology, Environmental Implications, Storage
Technologies, Tax Credits.
Interoperability, Standards, and Cyber Security: Introduction, Interoperability, Standards, Smart Grid Cyber
Security, Cyber Security and Possible Operation for Improving Methodology for Other Users.
Module-5
Research, Education, and Training for the Smart Grid: Introduction, Research Areas for Smart Grid
Development, Research Activities in the Smart Grid, Multidisciplinary Research Activities, Smart Grid
Education, Training and Professional Development.
Case Studies and Test beds for the Smart Grid: Introduction, Demonstration Projects, Advanced Metering,
Microgrid with Renewable Energy, Power System Unit Commitment (UC) Problem, ADP for Optimal
Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Automation, Case Study of RER Integration, Test beds and
Benchmark Systems, Challenges of Smart Transmission, Benefits of Smart Transmission.

(1)Discuss the progress made by different stakeholders in the design and development of smart grid.
(2)Explain measurement techniques using Phasor Measurement Units and smart meters
(3)Discuss tools for the analysis of smart grid and design, operation and performance
(4)Discuss classical optimization techniques and computational methods for smart grid design, planning
and operation.
(5)Explain predictive grid management and control technology for enhancing the smart grid performance
(6)Develop cleaner, more environmentally responsible technologies for the electric system.
(7)Discuss the computational techniques, communication, measurement, and monitoring technology tools
essential to the design of the smart grid.
(8)Explain methods to promote smart grid awareness and making the existing transmission system smarter by
investing in new technology.
126

minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50). A student shall be
deemed to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if the
student secures not less than 35% ( 18 Marks out of 50)in the semester-end examination(SEE), and a minimum
of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester
End Examination) taken together

(duration 01 hours)
The sum of three tests, two assignments, and quiz/seminar/group discussion will be out of 100 marks and will
be scaled down to 50 marks
 There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum
of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
Textbook
1. Smart Grid, Fundamentals of Design and Analysis, James Momoh, Wiley, 1st Edition, 2012.
127
ANN with Applications to Power Systems

Course objectives:
(1)To understand the fundamental concepts and models of Artificial Neural Systems.
(2)To understand neural processing, learning and adaptation, Neural Network learning rules.
(3)Ability to analyze multilayer feed forward networks.
(4)Ability to develop various ancillary techniques applied to power system and control of power systems.
Module-1
Fundamental Concepts and Models of Artificial Neural Systems: Biological Neurons and their artificial
models – Biological Neuron, McCulloch-Pitts Neuron Model, Neuron modeling for Artificial neural
systems. Models for Artificial Neural Networks – Feed forward Network, Feedback network.
Module-2
Neural Processing, Learning and Adaptation, Neural Network Learning Rules: Neural Processing.
Learning and Adaptation – Learning as Approximation or Equilibria Encoding, Supervised and
Unsupervised Learning. Neural Network Learning Rules – Hebbian Learning Rule, Perceptron Learning
Rule, Delta Learning Rule, Widrow-Hoff Learning Rule, Correlation Learning Rule, Winner-Take-All
Learning Rule, Outstar Learning Rule, Summary of Learning Rules.

Module-3
Multilayer Feedforward Networks: Feedforward Recall and Error Back-Propagation Training –
Feedforward Recall, Error Back-Propagation Training, Training Errors and Multilayer Feedforward
Networks as Universal Approximators (Excluding Examples). Learning Factors – Initial Weights,
Cumulative Weight Adjustment versus Incremental Updating, Steepness of the Activation Function,
Learning Constant, Momentum Method, Network Architectures Versus Data Representation, and Necessary
Number of Hidden Neurons.
Module-4
Neural Network and its Ancillary Techniques as Applied to Power Systems: Introduction, Learning versus
Memorization, Determining the Best Net Size, Network Saturation, Feature Extraction, Inversion of Neural
Networks, Alternative Training Method: Genetic Based Neural Network, Fuzzified Neural Network.
128
Module-5
Control of Power Systems: Introduction, Background, Neural Network Architectures for modeling and
control, Supervised Neural Network Structures, Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network based Control System,
Convergence and Stability.

(1)Develop Neural Network and apply elementary information processing tasks that neural network can solve.
(2)Develop Neural Network and apply powerful, useful learning techniques.
(3)Develop and Analyze multilayer feed forward network for mapping provided through the first network layer
and error back propagation algorithm.
(4)Analyze and apply algorithmic type problems to tackle problems for which algorithms are not available.
(5)Develop and Analyze supervised/unsupervised, learning modes of Neural Network for different applications.

(duration 01 hours)
129

Textbooks
1. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, Jacek M. Zurada, JAICO Publishing House,2006.
2. Artificial Neural Networks with Applications to Power Systems, Edited by – Mohamed El – Sharkawi and
Dagmar Niebur, IEEE, Inc. 1996.
130
Electrical Vehicle Technologies

Course objectives:
(1)To understand working of Electric Vehicles and recent trends.
(2)Ability to analyze different power converter topology used for electric vehicle application.
(3)Ability to develop the electric propulsion unit and its control for application of electric vehicles.
(4)Ability to design converters for battery charging and explain transformer less topology.
These are sample Strategies, which teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the various course
outcomes.
7. Show the different ways to solve the same problem with different circuits/logic and encourage the students
to come up with their own creative ways to solve them.
Module-1
Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Configuration of Electric Vehicles, Performance of Electric
Vehicles, Traction motor characteristics, Tractive effort and Transmission requirement, Vehicle
performance, Tractive effort in normal driving, Energy consumption Concept of Hybrid Electric
Drive Trains, Architecture of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains, Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains, Parallel
hybrid electric drive trains.
Module-2
Energy storage for EV and HEV: Energy storage requirements, Battery parameters, Types of Batteries,
Modelling of Battery, Fuel Cell basic principle and operation, Types of Fuel Cells, PEMFC and its operation,
Modelling of PEMFC, Supercapacitors.

Module-3
Electric Propulsion: EV consideration, DC motor drives and speed control, Induction motor drives, Permanent
Magnet Motor Drives, Switch Reluctance Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles, Configuration and control of
Drives.
Module-4
Design of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design: Operating
patterns, control strategies, Sizing of major components, power rating of traction motor, power rating of
engine/generator, design of PPS Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design: Control strategies of parallel
hybrid
drive train, design of engine power capacity, design of electric motor drive capacity, transmission design, energy
storage design.
131
Module-5
Power Electronic Converter for Battery Charging: Charging methods for battery, Termination methods,
charging from grid, The Z-converter, Isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter, Design of Z- converter for
battery charging, High-frequency transformer based isolated charger topology, Transformer less topology.

(1)Explain the working of electric vehicles and recent trends.
(2)Analyze different power converter topology used for electric vehicle application.
(3)Develop the electric propulsion unit and its control for application of electric vehicles.
(4)Design converters for battery charging and explain transformer less topology.

(duration 01 hours)
132

Textbooks
1. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S. Gay and Ali
Emadi, CRC Press, 2005.
2. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, Iqbal Husain, CRC Press, 2003.
Reference Books
1. Energy Management Strategies for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric, Sheldon S. Williamson, Springer,
2013.
2. Modern Electric Vehicle Technology, C.C. Chan and K.T. Chau, Oxford University, 2001.
3. Hybrid Electric Vehicles Principles And Applications With Practical Perspectives, Chris Mi, M. Abul
Masrur, David Wenzhong Gao, Wiley, Publication, 2011.
133
PLC and SCADA

Course objectives:
(1)To explain advantages and disadvantages, main parts and their functions, basic sequence of operation
of PLC.
(2)To describe the hardware components: I/O modules, CPU, memory devices, other support devices, and the
functions of PLC memory map.
(3)To describe program scan sequence, the communication of information to the PLC using different languages,
internal relay instruction.
(4)To explain identification of common operating modes found in PLCs, writing and entering the ladder logic
programs.
(5)To define the functions of Relays, Contactors, Motor Starters, Switches, Sensors, Output Control Devices,
Seal-in circuits and Latching Relays.
(6)To explain conversion of relay schematics into PLC ladder logic programs and writing PLC programs directly
from narrative descriptions.
(7)To explain the functions of PLC counter instructions, applying combinations of counters and timers to control
systems.
(8)To describe the function of selectable timed interrupt and fault routine files and use of temporary end
instruction.
(9)To explain the execution of data transfer instructions, interruption of data transfer and data compare
instructions.
(10)To explain the basic operation of PLC closed-loop control system, various forms of mechanical sequencers,
and their operations.
(11)To describe the operation of bit and word shift registers and develop programs that use shift registers.
(12)To discuss the operation of various processes, structures of control systems and the method
of communication between different industrial processes.
Module-1
Programmable Logic Controllers: Introduction, Parts of a PLC, Principles of Operation, Modifying the
Operation, PLCs versus Computers, PLC Size and Application.
PLC Hardware Components: The I/O Section, Discrete I/O Modules, Analog I/O Modules, Special I/O
Modules, I/O Specifications, The Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory Design, Memory Types,
Programming Terminal Devices, Recording and Retrieving Data, Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs).
Basics of PLC Programming: Processor Memory Organization, Program Scan, PLC Programming
Languages, Relay-Type Instructions, Instruction Addressing, Branch Instructions, Internal Relay
Instructions, Programming Examine If Closed and Examine If Open Instructions, Entering the Ladder Diagram,
Modes of Operation.
134
Module-2
Developing Fundamental PLC Wiring Diagrams and Ladder Logic Programs: Electromagnetic Control
Relays, Contactors, Motor Starters, Manually Operated Switches, Mechanically Operated Switches, Sensors,
Output Control Devices, Seal-In Circuits, Latching Relays, Converting Relay Schematics into PLC Ladder
Programs, Writing a Ladder Logic Program Directly from a Narrative Description.
Programming Timers: Mechanical Timing Relays, Timer Instructions, On-Delay Timer Instruction,
Off-Delay Timer Instruction, Retentive Timer, Cascading Timers.
Module-3
Programming Counters: Counter Instructions, Up-Counter, Down-Counter, Cascading Counters,
Incremental Encoder-Counter Applications, Combining Counter and Timer Functions.
Program Control Instructions: Master Control Reset Instruction, Jump Instruction, Subroutine
Functions, Immediate Input and Immediate Output Instructions, Forcing External I/O Addresses, Safety
Circuitry, Selectable Timed Interrupt, Fault Routine, Temporary End Instruction, Suspend Instruction.
Module-4
Data Manipulation Instructions: Data Manipulation, Data Transfer Operations, Data Compare Instructions,
Data Manipulation Programs, Numerical Data I/O Interfaces, Closed-Loop Control. Math Instructions: Math
Instructions, Addition Instruction, Subtraction Instruction, Multiplication Instruction, Division Instruction,
Other Word-Level Math Instructions, File Arithmetic Operations.
Module-5
Sequencer and Shift Register Instructions: Mechanical Sequencers, Sequencer Instructions, Sequencer
Programs, Bit Shift Registers, Word Shift Operations.
Process Control, Network Systems, and SCADA: Types of Processes, Structure of Control Systems, On/Off
Control, PID Control, Motion Control, Data Communications, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA).

(1)Discuss history of PLC and describe the hardware components of PLC: I/O modules, CPU, memory devices,
other support devices, operating modes and PLC programming.
(2)Describe field devices Relays, Contactors, Motor Starters, Switches, Sensors, Output Control Devices,
Seal-In Circuits, and Latching Relays commonly used with I/O module.
(3)Analyze PLC timer and counter ladder logic programs and describe the operation of different program control
instructions
(4)Discuss the execution of data transfer instructions, data compare instructions and the basic operation of PLC
closed-loop control system.
(5)Describe the operation of mechanical sequencers, bit and word shift registers, processes and structure of control
systems and communication between the processes.
135


(duration 01 hours)
Textbook
1. Programmable Logic Controllers, Frank D Petruzella, McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2011.
Reference Books
1. Programmable Logic Controllers an Engineer’s Guide, E A Parr, Newnes, 3rd Edition, 2013.
2. Introduction Programmable Logic Controllers, Gary Dunning, Cengage, 3rd Edition, 2006.

136
Computer Aided Electrical Drawing

Course objectives:
(1)To discuss the terminology of DC and AC armature windings.
(2)To discuss design and procedure to draw armature winding diagrams for DC and AC machines.
(3)To discuss the substation equipment, their location in a substation and development of a layout for substation.
(4)To discuss different sectional views of transformers, DC machine, its parts and alternator and itsparts.
(5)To explain development of sectional views of Transformers, DC machine and alternators usingthe design data,
sketches.
Suitable CAD software can be used for drawings
Module-1
Winding Diagrams:
(a) Developed Winding Diagrams of D.C. Machines: Simplex Double Layer Lap and Wave Windings.
(b) Developed Winding Diagrams of A.C. Machines:
(c)Integral and Fractional Slot Double Layer Three Phase Lap and Wave Windings.
(d) Single Layer Windings – Un-Bifurcated 2 and 3 Tier Windings, Mush Windings, Bifurcated 3 Tier Windings.
Module-2
Single Line Diagrams: Single Line Diagrams of Generating Stations and Substations Covering Incoming
Circuits, Outgoing Circuits, Busbar Arrangements (Single, Sectionalised Single, Main and Transfer, Double
Bus Double Breaker, Sectionalised Double Bus, One and a Half Circuit Breaker Arrangement, Ring
Main),Power Transformers, Circuit Breakers, Isolators, Earthing Switches, InstrumentTransformers, Surge or
Lightning Arresters, Communication Devices (Power- Line Carrier) and Line Trap.
Module-3
Electrical Machine Assembly Drawings Using Design Data, Sketches or Both: Transformers - Sectional Views
Of Single And Three Phase Core And Shell Type Transformers.
Module-4
137
Electrical Machine Assembly Drawings Using Design Data, Sketches or Both: D.C. Machine - Sectional Views
of Yoke with Poles, Armature and Commutator dealt separately.
Module-5
Electrical Machine Assembly Drawings Using Design Data, Sketches or Both: Alternator – Sectional Views of
Stator and Rotor dealt separately.

(1)Develop armature winding diagram for DC and AC machines.
(2)Develop a Single Line Diagram of Generating Stations and substation using the standard symbols.
(3)Construct sectional views of core type and shell type transformers using the design data.
(4)Construct sectional views of assembled DC and AC machine and their parts using the design data or the
sketches.
secures not less than 35% ( 18 Marks out of 50) in the semester-end examination(SEE), and a minimum of 40% (40
marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End

(duration 01 hours)
(to have less stressed CIE, the portion of the syllabus should not be common /repeated for any of the methods of
the CIE. Each method of CIE should have a different syllabus portion of the course).
138

Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for the
subject (duration 03 hours)
(1)The question paper will have two parts, PART – A and PART – B.
(2) Each part is for 50 marks.
(3) Part A is earmarked for Modules 1 and 2.
(i) Questions 1 and 2 of PART - A will be only on DC windings or only on AC windings. Students have to answer
any one of them. The marks prescribed is 25.
(ii) Question 3 of PART – A covering module 2 is compulsory. The marks prescribed is 25.
(4)Part B is for Modules 3, 4 and 5.
(i) Questions 4 and 5 will cover any two modules of modules 3, 4 and 5. Students have to answer any one of them.
The marks prescribed is 50.
1. A course in Electrical Machine design, A. K. Sawhney, DhanpatRai 6th Edition, 2013.
2. Electrical Engineering Drawing, K. L. Narang, Satya Prakashan, 2014.

139
Micro- and Nano-Scale Sensors and Transducers

Course objectives:
(1)To explain measurement of pressure using sensors, based nanotechnology, their structure, theory of
operation.
(2)To explain structure, theory of operation of sensors based on nanotechnology for Motion, acceleration,
measurement, gas and smoke detection.
(3)To explain sensors based on nanotechnology for the measurement of atmospheric moisture and moisture inside
the electronic components.
(4)To explain Optoelectronic and Photonic Sensors used in optical microphones, fingerprint readers, and
highly sensitive seismic sensors.
(5)To explain the structure, operation of Biological Sensors, Chemical Sensors, and the so-called “Lab-on-a-Chip”
sensors used in multipurpose biological and chemical analysis devices and Electric, Magnetic, and RF/Microwave,
Integrated Sensor/Actuator Units and Special Purpose Sensors driven by nanotechnology.

Module-1
Pressure Sensors: Capacitive Pressure Sensors, Inductive Pressure Sensors, Ultrahigh Sensitivity Pressure
Sensors.
Module-2
Motion and Acceleration Sensors: Ultrahigh Sensitivity, Wide Dynamic Range Sensors, Other Motion and
Acceleration Microsensors.
Gas and Smoke Sensors: A CO Gas Sensor Based on Nanotechnology, Smoke Detectors.
Module-3
Moisture Sensors: Structure, Theory, Main Experimental Results, Auxiliary Experimental Results.
Optoelectronic and Photonic Sensors: Optoelectronic Microphone, Other Optoelectronic and Photonic Micro
Sensors.
Module-4
140
Biological, Chemical, and “Lab on a Chip” Sensors: Lab on a Chip Sensors, Other Biochemical Micro- and
Nano-Sensors.
Electric, Magnetic, and RF/Microwave Sensors: Magnetic Field Sensors, Other Important
Electromagnetic/ RF Micro- and Nano-Sensors.
Module-5
Integrated Sensor/Actuator Units and Special Purpose Sensors: Aircraft Icing Detectors, Other Special
Purpose Small-Scale Devices.

(1)Understand the differences between the sensor and transducer technology based on nanotechnology and
nanofabrication and the classical sensor technologies
(2)Make an informed selection of a sensor or transducer for a particular application;
(3)Become knowledgeable about the technologies that are available commercially at the present time.

(duration 01 hours)
141

Textbook
1. Micro- and Nano-Scale Sensors and Transducers, Ezzat G. Bakhoum, CRC Press, 2015.

142
Big Data Analytics in Power Systems

Course objectives:
(1)To define big data and to explain big data application and analytics to power systems.
(2)To explain the role of big data in smart grid communications and optimization of big data in electric power
systems.
(3)To explain security methods for the infrastructure communication and data mining methods for theft
detection in power systems.
(4)To explain the application of unit commitment method in the control of smart grid.
(5)To explain protection algorithm for transformer based on data pattern recognition.
Module-1
Introduction: Big Data, Future Power Systems.
Big Data Application and Analytics in a Large - Scale Power System: Introduction, General Applications of
Big Data, Algorithms for Processing Big Data, Application of Big Data in Power Systems.
Module-2
Role of Big Data in Smart Grid Communications: Introduction, The Grid Modernization, The Grid
Interconnection with the Internet of Things, Data Traffic Pattern in a Smart Grid Environment, The Massive
Flow of Information in a Smart Scenario,The Volume of Generated Data in a Smart Distribution System: A
Case of Study.
Big Data Optimization in Electric Power Systems: Introduction, Background, Scientometric Analysis of Big
Data, Big Data and Power Systems, Optimization Techniques Used in the Big Data Analysis.

Module-3
Security Methods for Critical Infrastructure Communications: Introduction, Effects of Successful
Communication System Threats, General Communication System Operations, Industrial Control Networks and
Operations, High-Level Communication System Threats, Cyber Threats and Security.
Data - Mining Methods for Electricity Theft Detection: Introduction, Transmission and Distribution System
Losses, Electricity Theft Methods, Data Mining and Electricity Theft, Issues and Directions in Electricity Theft-
Related Data-Mining Research.
Module-4
143
Unit Commitment Control of Smart Grids: Introduction, Renewable Energy Resources, The Unit
Commitment Problem, A Multi-agent Architecture, Illustrative Example.
Module-5
Transformer Differential Protection Algorithm Based on Data Pattern Recognition: Big Data and Power
System Protection, Methods for Differential Protection Blocking, Principal Component Analysis, Curvilinear
Component Analysis (CCA), PCA Applied to Discriminate Between Inrush and Fault, Currents in Transformers,
Application of the CCA as a Base for a Differential Protection System Under Study, Results.

(1)Discuss role of big data and machine-learning methods applicable to power systems and in particular to Smart
Grid communications.
(2)Discuss optimization methods which are suitable for big data models in power systems.
(3)Discuss various cyber security issues, electricity theft detection and mitigation that exist in IoT-enabled future
power systems.
(4)Discuss renewable energy planning concerns associated with planned future power systems that have high
renewable penetration.

(duration 01 hours)
144

Textbook
1. Big Data Analytics in Future Power Systems, Ahmed F. Zobaa and Trevor J. Bihl, CRC Press, 2019.
145
Industrial Drives and Applications

Course objectives:
(1)To define electric drive, its parts, advantages and explain choice of electric drive.
(2)To explain dynamics and modes of operation of electric drives.
(3)To explain selection of motor power ratings and control of DC motor using rectifiers.
(4)To analyze the performance of induction motor drives under different conditions.
(5)To explain the control of induction motor, synchronous motor and stepper motor drives.
(6)To discuss typical applications electrical drives in the industry.
Module-1
Electrical Drives: Electrical Drives, Advantages of Electrical Drives. Parts of Electrical Drives, Choice of
Electrical Drives, Status of DC and ac Drives.
Dynamics of Electrical Drives: Fundamental Torque Equations, Speed Torque Conventions and Multiquadrant
Operation. Equivalent Values of Drive Parameters, Components of Load Torques, Nature and Classification of
Load Torques, Calculation of Time and Energy Loss in Transient Operations, Steady State Stability, Load
Equalization.
Control Electrical Drives: Modes of Operation, Speed Control and Drive Classifications, Closed loop Control
of Drives.
Module-2
Direct Current Motor Drives: Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives, Single Phase Fully Controlled Rectifier
Control of DC Separately Excited Motor, Single Phase Half Controlled Rectifier Control of DC Separately
Excited Motor, Three Phase Fully Controlled Rectifier Control of DC Separately Excited Motor, Three Phase
Half Controlled Rectifier Control of DC Separately Excited Motor, Multiquadrant Operation of DC Separately
Excited Motor Fed Form Fully Controlled Rectifier, Rectifier Control of DC Series Motor, Supply Harmonics,
Power Factor and Ripple in Motor Current, Chopper Control of Separately Excited DC Motor, Chopper Control
of Series Motor.
Module-3
Induction Motor Drives: Analysis and Performance of Three Phase Induction Motors, Operation with
Unbalanced Source Voltage and Single Phasing, Operation with Unbalanced Rotor Impedances, Analysis of
Induction Motor Fed From Non-Sinusoidal Voltage Supply, Starting, Braking, Transient Analysis. Speed Control
Techniques-Stator Voltage Control, Variable Voltage Frequency Control from Voltage Sources.
146
Module-4
Induction Motor Drives (continued):Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) Control, Cycloconverter Control, Closed
Loop Speed Control and Converter Rating for VSI and Cycloconverter Induction Motor Drives, Variable
Frequency Control from a Current Source, Current Source (CSI) Control, current regulated voltage source
inverter control, speed control of single phase induction motors.
Synchronous Motor Drives: Operation from fixed frequency supply-starting, synchronous motor variable
speed drives, variable frequency control of multiple synchronous motors.
Module-5
Synchronous Motor Drives (continued):Self-controlled synchronous motor drive employing load
commutated thyristor inverter, Starting Large Synchronous Machines, Permanent Magnet ac (PMAC)
Motor Drives, Sinusoidal PMAC Motor Drives, Brushless DC Motor Drives.
Stepper Motor Drives: Variable Reluctance, Permanent Magnet, Important Features of Stepper Motors, Torque
Versus Stepping rate Characteristics, Drive Circuits for Stepper Motor. Industrial Drives: Textile Mills, Steel
Rolling Mills, Cranes and Hoists, Machine Tools.

(1)Explain the advantages, choice and control of electric drive
(2)Explain the dynamics, generating and motoring modes of operation of electric drives
(3)Explain the selection of motor power rating to suit industry requirements
(4)Analyze the performance & control of DC motor drives using controlled rectifiers
(5)Analyze the performance & control of converter fed Induction motor, synchronous motor & stepper
motor drives.
147

(duration 01 hours)
Textbooks
1. Fundamentals of Electrical Drives, Gopal K. Dubey, Narosa Publishing, 2nd Edition, 2001.
2. Electrical Drives: Concepts and Applications, (Refer to chapter 07 for Industrial Drives),Vedum
Subrahmanyam, McGraw Hill 2nd Edition, 2011.
Reference Book
1. Electric Drives, N.K De,P.K. Sen, PHI Learning, 1st Edition, 2009.
148
FACTS and HVDC

Course objectives:
(1)To discuss transmission interconnections, flow of Power in an AC System, limits of the loading
capability, dynamic stability considerations of a transmission interconnection and controllable parameters.
(2)To explain the basic concepts, definitions of flexible ac transmission systems and benefits from FACTS
technology.
(3)To describe shunt controllers, Static Var Compensator and Static Compensator for injecting reactive
power in the transmission system in enhancing the controllability and power transfer capability.
(4)To describe series Controllers Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and the Static Synchronous Series
Compensator (SSSC) for control of the transmission line current.
(5)To explain advantages of HVDC power transmission, overview and organization of HVDC system.
(6)To describe the basic components of a converter, the methods for compensating the reactive power
demanded by the converter.
(7)Explain converter control for HVDC systems, commutation failure, control functions.
Module-1
FACTS Concept and General System Considerations: Transmission Interconnections, Flow of Power in an
AC System, What Limits the Loading Capability? Power Flow and Dynamic Stability Considerations of a
Transmission Interconnection, Relative Importance of Controllable Parameters, Basic Types of FACTS
Controllers, Brief Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers, Checklist of Possible Benefits
from FACTS Technology, In Perspective: HVDC or FACTS.
Module-2
Static Shunt Compensators: Objectives of Shunt Compensation - Midpoint Voltage Regulation for Line
Segmentation, End of Line Voltage Support to Prevent Voltage Instability, Improvement of Transient
Stability. Methods of Controllable Var Generation –Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR) and Thyristor
Switched Reactor (TSR), Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC).Operation of Single Phase TSC – TSR.
Switching Converter Type Var Generators, Basic Operating Principles, Basic Control Approaches.
Static VAR Compensators: SVC and STATCOM, the Regulation Slope. Comparison between STATCOM
and SVC, V –I and V –Q Characteristics, Transient stability, Response Time.
Module-3
149
Static Series Compensators: Objectives of Series Compensation, Concept of Series Capacitive

Compensation, Voltage Stability, Improvement of Transient Stability. GTO Thyristor-Controlled Series
Capacitor, Thyristor-Switched Series Capacitor, Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor, The Static synchronous
Series Compensator, Transmitted Power Versus Transmission Angle Characteristic
Module-4
Development of HVDC Technology: Introduction, Advantages of HVDC Systems, HVDC System Costs,
Overview and Organization of HVDC Systems, HVDC Characteristics and Economic Aspects.
Power Conversion:3-Phase Converter, 3-Phase Full Bridge Converter, 12-Pulse Converter.
Module-5
Control of HVDC Converter and System: Converter Control for an HVDC System, Commutation Failure,
HVDC Control and Design, HVDC Control Functions, Reactive Power and Voltage Stability.

(1)Discuss transmission interconnections, flow of Power in an AC System, limits of the loading capability,
dynamic stability considerations of a transmission interconnection and controllable parameters.
(2)Explain the basic concepts, definitions of flexible ac transmission systems and benefits from FACTS
technology.
(3)Describe shunt controllers, Static Var Compensator and Static Compensator for injecting reactive power in the
transmission system in enhancing the controllability and power transfer capability.
(4)Describe series Controllers Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and the Static Synchronous Series
Compensator (SSSC) for control of the transmission line current.
(5)Explain advantages of HVDC power transmission, overview and organization of HVDC system.
(6)Describe the basic components of a converter, the methods for compensating the reactive power
demanded by the converter.
(7)Explain converter control for HVDC systems, commutation failure, control functions.
150

(duration 01 hours)
Textbooks
1. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Narain G Hingorani,
Laszlo Gyugyi, Wiley, 1st Edition, 2000.
2. HVDC Transmission: Power Conversion Applications in Power Systems, Chan-Ki Kim et al, Wiley, 1st
Edition, 2009.
Reference Book
1. Thyristor Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems. R. Mohan Mathur, Rajiv K. Varma.
Wiley. 1st Edition, 2002.

151
Carbon Capture and Storage

Course objectives:
(1)To provide an overview of carbon capture and carbon storage and explain the fundamentals of power
generation.
(2)To explain carbon capture from power generation, industrial processes, using solvent absorption and other
technologies including membranes, adsorbents, chemical looping, cryogenics and gas hydrate technology.
(3)To explain different geological storage methods including storage in coal seams, depleted gas reservoirs and
saline formations.
(4)To explain Carbon dioxide compression and pipeline transport.
Module-1
Introduction: The carbon cycle, Mitigating growth of the atmospheric carbon inventory, The process of
technology innovation.
Overview of carbon capture and storage: Carbon capture, Carbon storage.
Power generation fundamentals: Physical and chemical fundamentals, Fossil-fueled power plant, Combined
cycle power generation, Future developments in power-generation technology.
Module-2
Carbon capture from power generation: Introduction, Precombustion capture, Postcombustion capture,
Oxyfuel combustion capture, Chemical looping capture systems, Capture-ready and retrofit power plant,
Approaches to zero-emission power generation.
Carbon capture from industrial processes: Cement production, Steel production, Oil refining, Natural gas
processing.
Absorption capture systems: Chemical and physical fundamentals, Absorption applications in
postcombustion capture, Absorption technology RD&D status.
Module-3
Adsorption capture systems: Physical and chemical fundamentals, Adsorption process applications, Adsorption
technology RD&D status.
Membrane separation systems: Physical and chemical fundamentals, Membrane configuration and preparation
and module construction, Membrane technology RD&D status, Membrane applications in precombustion
capture, Membrane and molecular sieve applications in oxyfuel combustion, Membrane applications in
postcombustion CO 2 separation, Membrane applications in natural gas processing.
Module-4
152
Cryogenic and distillation systems: Physical Fundamentals, Distillation column configuration and operation,
Cryogenic oxygen production for oxyfuel combustion, Ryan–Holmes process for CO 2 –CH 4 separation, RD&D
in cryogenic and distillation technologies.
Mineral carbonation: Physical and chemical fundamentals, Current state of technology development,
Demonstration and deployment outlook.
Geological storage: Introduction, Geological and engineering fundamentals, Enhanced oil recovery, Saline
aquifer storage, Other geological storage options.
Module-5
Ocean storage: Introduction, Physical, chemical, and biological fundamentals, Direct CO 2 injection, Chemical
sequestration, Biological sequestration.
Storage in terrestrial ecosystems: Introduction, Biological and chemical fundamentals, Terrestrial carbon
storage options, Full GHG accounting for terrestrial storage, Current R&D focus in terrestrial storage.
Other sequestration and use options: Enhanced industrial usage, Algal biofuel production. Carbon dioxide
transportation: Pipeline transportation, Marine transportation.

(1)Discuss the impacts of climate change and the measures that can be taken to reduce emissions.
(2)Discuss carbon capture and carbon storage.
(3)Explain the fundamentals of power generation.
(4)Explain methods of carbon capture from power generation and industrial processes.
(5)Explain different carbon storage methods: storage in coal seams, depleted gas reservoirs and saline formations.
(6)Explain Carbon dioxide compression and pipeline transport.
153

(duration 01 hours)
Textbook
1. Carbon Capture and Storage, Stephen A. Rackley, Elsevier, 2010.
154
Electric Vehicles
Course objectives:
(1)To Understand the fundamental laws and vehicle mechanics.
(2)To Understand working of Electric Vehicles and recent trends.
(3)Ability to analyze different power converter topology used for electric vehicle application.
(4)Ability to develop the electric propulsion unit and its control for application of electric vehicles.

Module-1
Vehicle Mechanics: Roadway Fundamentals, Laws of Motion, Vehicle Kinetics, Dynamics of Vehicle
Motion, Propulsion Power, Force-Velocity Characteristics, Maximum Gradability, Velocity and Acceleration,
Constant FTR, Level Road, Velocity Profile, Distance Traversed, Tractive Power, Energy Required, Non-
constant FTR, General Acceleration, Propulsion System Design.
Module-2
Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Configuration of Electric Vehicles, Performance of Electric Vehicles,
Traction motor characteristics, Tractive effort and Transmission requirement, Vehicle performance,
Tractive effort in normal driving, Energy consumption Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains,
Architecture of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains, Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains, Parallel hybrid electric
drive trains.
Module-3
Energy storage for EV and HEV: Energy storage requirements, Battery parameters, Types of Batteries,
Modelling of Battery, Fuel Cell basic principle and operation, Types of Fuel Cells, PEMFC and its operation,
Modelling of PEMFC, Supercapacitors.
Module-4
Electric Propulsion: EV consideration, DC motor drives and speed control, Induction motor drives,
Permanent Magnet Motor Drives, Switch Reluctance Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles, Configuration and
control of Drives.
Module-5
155
Design of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design: Operating patterns,
control strategies, Sizing of major components, power rating of traction motor, power rating of engine /generator,
design of PPS Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design: Control strategies of parallel hybrid drive train,
design of engine power capacity, design of electric motor drive capacity, transmission design, energy storage
design.

(1) Explain the roadway fundamentals, laws of motion, vehicle mechanics and propulsion system design.
(2)Explain the working of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles in recent trends.
(3)Model batteries, Fuel cells, PEMFC and super capacitors.
(4)Analyze DC and AC drive topologies used for electric vehicle application.
(5)Develop the electric propulsion unit and its control for application of electric vehicles.

(duration 01 hours)
156

Textbooks
1. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, Iqbal Husain, CRC Press, 2003.
2. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, M. Ehsani,
Y. Gao, S.Gay and Ali Emadi, CRC Press, 2005.
Reference Books
1. Energy Management Strategies for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Sheldon S. Williamson,
Springer, 2013.
2. Modern Electric Vehicle Technology, C.C. Chan and K.T. Chau, Oxford University, 2001.
3. Hybrid Electric Vehicles Principles And Applications With Practical Perspectives, Chris Mi, M. Abul Masrur,
David Wenzhong Gao, Wiley Publication, 2011.
157
Disasters Management
Course objectives:
()To explain disaster management, its planning, occurrence of cyclones and their hazard potential
()To explain the role of IMD, cyclone prediction and cyclone warning system in India
()To explain the role of different institutions, defence and other services in natural disaster management.
()To explain the role of Central Water Commission in river water sharing, Draught, its assessment and draught
management plan
()To explain reasons for the occurrence of earth quake, Tsunamis and thunderstorms.
Module-1
Disaster Management Plan (DMP): General.
Cyclones and their Hazard Potential: Classification of Low-Pressure Systems, Statistics of Cyclonic Storms
Over Indian Seas, Movement of Cyclones in Indian Seas, Storm Surges.

Module-2
India Meteorological Department and Cyclone Warnings in India: Hazard Potential of Cyclonic Storms,
Cyclone Prediction and Dissemination of Warnings, Dissemination of Cyclone Warnings, Cyclone Warnings
through INSAT, Port Warnings with Day and Night hoisting Sib'Tlals.
Cyclones Disaster Management – Plan: Hazard Potentials Associated with Cyclones, Vulnerability Reduction,
Early Warning.
Module-3
Action Plan for Cyclone Disaster Management.
Role of Different Institutions in Natural Disaster Management: Role of Zilla Parishad, Role of PRA Groups
in Disaster Management, Role of NGOs, Self Help Groups in Disaster Management, Role of Red Cross
in Disaster Management.
The Role of Defence and other Services in Disaster Management: Role of Air Force in Disaster Management,
Role of Medical and Health Department in Cyclone disaster management, National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF), Role of Remote Sensing in Disaster Management, Role of Broadcast, Educational Media in disaster
management.
Module-4
158
Floods: Water Wealth of India, Definition of Flood, Role of Central Water Commission, Monsoons, Flood
Warning Signals and Precautionary Actions, Water Purification Technologies in Flood Affected Areas.
Drought: Meteorological Drought, Breaks in the Monsoon, Drought Management Plan, Drought Years
for Different Met Subdivision of India, Drought Assessment, Drought Parameters, Role of Banking,
Insurance, Microfinance in drought mitigation, Drought Monitoring, Drought Research Unit (IMD), Rainwater
harvesting.
Module-5
Earth quakes: Interior Structure of the Earth, Plate Techtonics, Seismcity of India, Earthquake Forecast and
disaster management, Tsunamis, Landslides and Avalanches, Volcanoes.
Hazards associated with Convective Clouds: Climatology of World Thunderstorms, Lightning, Some Effects
of Electric Shock, Favours and Frownings of Thunderstorms, Hailstorms, Tornadoes, Waterspouts, Dust-
Devils, Nowcasting, Summer Thunderstorms over India, Cold Waves and Heat Waves - Cold Waves in India,
Heat Waves in India.
(1)Discuss disaster management plan, cyclones and their hazard potential
(2)Understand the role of IMD and cyclone prediction and cyclone warning system in India
(3)Understand the role of different institutions defence and other services in natural disaster management.
(4)Understand the role of Central Water Commission in river water sharing, Draught, its assessment and draught
management plan
(5)Understand occurrence of earth quake, Tsunamis and thunderstorms.
(duration 01 hours)
159

Textbook
1. Earth and Atmospheric Disasters Management Natural and Man-made, Navale Pandharinath, C. K. Rajan, BS
Publications, 2009.
160
Electrical Power Quality

Course objectives:
(1)Review definitions and standards of common power quality phenomena.
(2)Understand power quality monitoring and classification techniques.
(3)Investigate different power quality phenomena causes and effects.
(4)Understand different techniques for power quality problems mitigation.
(5)Understand the various power quality phenomenon, their origin and monitoring and mitigation methods.
(6)Understand the effects of various power quality phenomenon in various equipment.
Module-1
Introduction: Power quality-voltage quality, power quality evaluation procedures term and definitions:
general classes of power quality problems, transients, long duration voltage variation, short duration voltage
variations, voltage imbalance, waveform distortion, power quality terms.
Module-2
Voltage sags and interruptions: Sources of sags and interruptions, estimating voltage sag performance,
fundamental principles of protection, motor starting sags.
Transient over voltages: Sources of transient over voltages, principles of over voltages protection, utility
capacitor switching transients.
Module-3
Transient over voltages: Fundamentals of harmonics: Harmonic distortion, voltage versus transients,
harmonic indexes, harmonic sources from commercial loads, harmonic sources from Industrial loads,
effects of harmonic distortion, intra harmonics.
Module-4
Applied harmonics: Harmonic distortion evaluations, principles for controlling harmonics, harmonic
studies, devices for controlling harmonic distortion, harmonic filters, standards of harmonics. Power Quality
Benchmark: Introduction, benchmark process, power quality contract.

161
Module-5
Power quality benchmark: power quality state estimation, including power quality in distribution planning.
Distributed generation and quality: DG technologies, interface to utility system, power quality issues,
interconnection standards.

(1)Define Power quality; evaluate power quality procedures and standards.
(2)Estimate voltage sag performance; explain principles of protection and Sources of transient over voltages.
(3)Identify various sources of harmonics, explain effects of harmonic distortion.
(4)Evaluate harmonic distortion, control harmonic distortion.
(5)Estimate power quality in distribution planning. Identify power quality issues in utility system.

(duration 01 hours)
162

Textbook
1. Electric Power Quality Dugan, Roger C, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Reference Books
1 Electric Power Quality, G.T.Heydt, Stars in a circle publications, 1991.
2. Understanding power quality problems voltage sags and interruptions, Math H. J.Bollen, IEEE Press, 2000.
3. Power quality in power systems and electrical machines, Ewald F Fuchs, Mohammad, A.S., Masoum,
Academic Press, Elsevier, 2009.

163
Energy Conservation and Audit

Course objectives:
(1)Understand the current energy scenario and importance of energy conservation.
(2)Understand the methods of improving energy efficiency in different electrical systems.
(3)Realize energy auditing.
(4)Explain about various pillars of electricity market design.
(5)To explain the scope of demand side management, its concept and implementation issues and strategies.
Module-1
Energy Scenario: Commercial and Non-commercial energy, primary energy resources, commercial energy
production, final energy consumption, energy needs of growing economy, long term energy scenario,
energy pricing, energy sector reforms, energy and environment, energy security, energy conservation and
its importance, restructuring of the energy supply sector, energy strategy for the future, air pollution, climate
change. Energy Conservation Act-2001 and its features.
Module-2
Energy Efficiency in Electrical Systems: Electricity billing, Electrical load management and maximum
demand Control, Maximum demand controllers; Power factor improvement, Automatic power factor
controllers, efficient operation of transformers, energy efficient motors, Soft starters, Variable
speed drives; Performance evaluation of fans and pumps, Flow control strategies and energy conservation
opportunities in fans and pumps, Electronic ballast, Energy efficient lighting and measures of energy
efficiency in lighting system.
Module-3
Energy auditing: Introduction, Elements of energy audits, different types of audit, energy use profiles,
measurements in energy audits, presentation of energy audit results.
Module-4
Electricity vis-à-vis Other Commodities: Distinguishing features of electricity as a commodity, Four pillars of
market design: Imbalance, Scheduling and Dispatch, Congestion Management, Ancillary Services.
Framework of Indian power sector and introduction to the availability based tariff (ABT).
Module-5
164
Energy Audit Applied to Buildings: Energy – Saving Measures in New Buildings, Water Audit, Method
of Audit, General Energy – Savings Tips Applicable to New as well as Existing Buildings.
Demand side Management: Scope of DSM, Evolution of DSM concept, DSM planning
and Implementation, Load management as a DSM strategy, Applications of Load Control, End use energy
conservation, Tariff options for DSM.

(1)Analyze about energy scenario nationwide and worldwide , also outline Energy Conservation Act and its
features.
(2)Discuss load management techniques and energy efficiency.
(3)Understand the need of energy audit and energy audit methodology.
(4)Understand various pillars of electricity market design.
(5)Conduct energy audit of electrical systems and buildings.
(6)Show an understanding of demand side management and energy conservation.

(duration 01 hours)
165

Textbooks
1. Energy Management Handbook, W.C. Turner, John Wiley, and Sons.
2. Energy Efficient Electric Motors and Applications, H.E. Jordan Plenum Pub Corp.
3. Energy Management W. R. Murphy, G. Mckay Butterworths.
Reference Books
1. Energy Science Principles, Technologies and Impact, J. Andrews, N. Jelley Oxford University Press.
2. Market operations in power systems: Forecasting, Scheduling, and Risk Management, Shahedepour
M.,Yamin H., Zuyi Li, John Wiely & Sons, New York.
3. Energy Conservation, Diwan, P, Pentagon Press, (2008).

EEE 21 Syllabus 114 165

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114

High Voltage and Power System Protection

Teaching-Learning Process (General Instructions)

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Practical component of High Voltage and Power System Protection

9 Spark Over Characteristics of Air subjected to High voltage DC.

Suggested Learning Resources:

Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning

Power System Operation and Control

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Semester End Examination:

Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning

Power System Planning

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

ANN with Applications to Power Systems

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Suggested Learning Resources:

Electrical Vehicle Technologies

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Suggested Learning Resources:

PLC and SCADA

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

Continuous Internal Evaluation:

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning

Computer Aided Electrical Drawing

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Semester End Examination:

Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning

Micro- and Nano-Scale Sensors and Transducers

Teaching-Learning Process (General Instructions)

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Semester End Examination:

Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning

Big Data Analytics in Power Systems

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and Board, Power Point Presentation.

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester

Semester End Examination:

Industrial Drives and Applications