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1 General Requirements , Design and Construction
Technical Specification of
Current Transformers
3 General Requirements , Design and Construction
1- GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
This specification covers the requirements for the design, manufacturing, checking, factory testing,
marking, packing, transportation, storage, installation and commissioning tests for current transformers in
63 to 400 kV substations.
Current transformers shall be designed, manufactured and tested according to the applicable requirements
of the latest edition of the following standards and to this specification:
All amendments, supplements and reference publications listed in the above standards shall also be
applied.
The current transformers shall be completed with spare parts and all necessary accessories and suitable
for operating under conditions specified in basic equipment data and normal rating shall be as indicated in
schedule CT (I)
The output of each current transformer shall be suitable for the correct working of the related protection
devices and instruments over the required range of load and fault duties as specified.
When multi-ratio transformer windings are specified, the requirements shall be met by the use of tappings
in the secondary windings.
Oil – filled current transformers shall be supplied with the following facilities:
- Oil level indicator
- A filling plug
- A draining valve
- A draining cap
- Lifting facilities for lifting the completely assembled transformer filled with oil.
The lower metallic part of the current transformers shall be provided with two earthing terminals on
opposite sides for connection of suitable size of earthing conductor. The earth connection shall be so
arranged that can not be inadvertently removed.
For establishing primary and secondary connections an approved arrangement should be considered.
All parts exposed to corrosion shall be made by non-corrosive material, or be hot-galvanized.
Current transformers shall be equipped with a secondary terminal box with sufficient holes and cable
glands for cable connection. The terminal box shall be spacious enough to allow connection of necessary
connecting leads and short circuiting of the current transformer's secondary terminals. The terminal box
shall be accessible when the current transformer is in operation and also be provided with rain-protected
shield, Net-covered, breather holes. Terminal box shall have a protection degree of IP54 or IP55
according to IEC 60144. The terminal box shall be provided with earthing clamp for earthing of
secondary windings and cable shields. All contact components and screws shall be of corrosion resistant
metal.
A current transformer marshalling box in accordance with IEC 60144, category IP54 or IP55 shall be
supplied for every three set of CTs to be mounted near the center phase support structure to provide the
interconnection point between phases. Maximum segregation shall be considered between winding
groups.
Adequate precautions shall be taken to ensure that a uniform stress distribution is achieved throughout the
insulation. After processing period, the insulation shall be free of moisture and trapped air. Details of the
proposed methods of processing, drying and filling the current transformer, time of drying, degree of
vacuum, etc. shall be submitted.
Each current transformer shall be impregnated and filled with oil of the grade specified in IEC 60296.
Each core shall be electrically separated from the other windings.
Current transformers may be of the bar, single or multi-turn primary.
Oil-filled current transformers shall be sealed completely and equipped with an expansion chamber, this
arrange is not applied for inverted – type transformer.
5 General Requirements , Design and Construction
Inner insulation shall be satisfactorily and permanently protected against moisture. Associated equipment
for sealing shall be resistive to sunlight, air, oil and water.
Porcelain to metal joints shall be such as to ensure no occurrence of oil leakage under all loading
conditions imposed at high voltage terminal, particularly during transport to site.
At short duration time after fault inception, Protective cores of current transformers shall correctly
transform primary current wave shape to secondary winding. They shall follow high speed three phase
autoreclose faults without saturation at the maximum fault level and relevant dc offset. The voltage
produced at the cores by fault current or during transients on the system shall be well below the saturation
level to ensure good transient response.
The precautions taken in the design of the primary winding to prevent the thermal and mechanical
stresses caused by short circuits shall be shown on the documents submitted by the manufacturer.
An electrostatic shield should be provided between primary and secondary of CT's for preventing access
of high current to secondaries and relays.
Secondary terminals shall be located so that they are accessible while the equipment is alive.
Secondary winding terminals which are not used shall be earthed.
The mechanical strength of the screws of secondary terminals should be sufficient. All of the screws must
have spring washer.
Where any special construction or arrangement of windings is employed to improve accuracy, Or for any
other reason, details of such construction or arrangement shall be shown on the documents.
For the multi-ratio tappings, labels shall be provided indicating the connections required for all ratios
clearly. These connections shall also be shown on all connection diagrams.
Current transformers shall be mechanically dimensioned for stresses arising from ice load, wind load,
tensile forces and forces caused by short circuit and earthquake as specified.
The porcelain insulator shall be designed in relation to site weather conditions and be washable when CT
energized. It shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with the relevant IEC standards and comply
with the requirement of CT's.
If the current transformer has several primary turns or is of the tank type, the primary winding shall be
protected, if necessary, by an arrester or spark-gap. Protected characteristics of arrester shall be suitably
coordinated with insulation between primary sections.
Technical Specifications of Current Transformers 6
3- Capacitive terminal
If specified, current transformer shall be provided with capacitive voltage terminal for metering,
synchronizing and relay protection. At rated voltage and by short-circuiting between voltage terminal and
earth a current of at least 8 mA should be obtained. The actual short-circuit current shall be specified.
Internal impedance in current transformers between the terminal and earth shall be purely capacitive and
dimensioned so that a no-load voltage of at least 250 V is obtained. If the transformers are provided with
spark gap between the terminal and earth, this must not have a lower sparkover and extinction voltage
than 350 V and 250 V respectively.
Any overvoltage protection shall be accessible without necessitating drainage of insulation oil.
The capacitive terminal shall also be suitable for dissipation power factor (tangent delta) measurement.
The capacitive terminal shall be designed to withstand a one minute power frequency test voltage of
4 kV rms.
The capacitive terminal shall be connected to a box, separated from the secondary terminal box.
5- Rating plate
Rating plate made of stainless steel or other equivalent weather proof and corrosion-proof materials, shall
be fixed in a visible and appropriate position.
The inscription shall be made by etching, engraving or other approved methods.
According to IEC 60044-1 information which shall be mentioned on the rating plate are as follows:
- The manufacturer's name.
- A serial number or a type designation, preferably both.
- The rated primary and secondary current
- Rated frequency
- The rated output and the corresponding accuracy class
- The highest voltage for equipment
- The rated insulation level
In addition, the following information shall be marked whenever space is available:
- the rated short-time thermal current (Ith) and the rated dynamic current if it differs from 2.5 times
of rated short-time thermal current
- the class of insulation, (if different from class A. If several classes of insulating material are used,
the one which limits the temperature rise of the windings should be indicated).
- On transformers with two secondary windings, the use of each winding and it's corresponding
terminals shall be mentioned.
For measuring CTs, the accuracy class and instrument security factor shall be indicated following the
indication of corresponding rated output (for example 15 VA class 0.5 FS5)
Measuring current transformers having an extended current rating shall have this rating indicated
immediately following the class designation (e.g 15 VA class 0.5 ext.150%). If an equivalent output and
accuracy class exists these values shall also be mentioned (e.g. 15 VA class1- 7 VA class 0.5), obviously
other output may have a value different from values specified by standard.
For protective current transformers, accuracy limit factor shall be indicated following the corresponding
output and accuracy class (e.g. 30 VA class 5P10).
Rating plate of class PR current transformers in comparison to rating plate of class P current transformers,
differ in the following items:
- Usage of "PR" instead of "P" for specifying of accuracy class (e.g. 30 VA 5PR20)
- If required, secondary loop time constant (Ts) shall be mentioned
Technical Specifications of Current Transformers 8
For rating plate of class PX current transformers, in addition to mentioned items, following
parameters shall be considered.
- Rated turns ratio
- Rated knee point e.m.f (Ek)
- Maximum exciting current (Ie) at the rated knee point or at the stated percentage thereof
- Dimensioning factor (Kx) (If required by purchaser)
- Rated resistive burden (Rb) (If required by purchaser)
In addition to information requested in IEC 60044-1, secondary winding resistance at 75°C shall also be
mentioned on rating plate.
For protective current transformer designed for transient performance, according to IEC 60044-6,
information specified in table (1) shall be mentioned on rating plate.
9 Rating plate
For all current transformers total weight of transformer shall also be mentioned on rating plate.
7- Tests
Current transformers shall be tested according to IEC 60044-1 under following type, routine and special
tests.
- Magnetic characteristics of CT
- CT connection diagram
- CT dimensioning drawings
- Calculation sheets to establish adequacy of CT in any respect.
- Loading on foundation
- Nameplate drawings
- Detailed drawing for secondary terminal box (with indicating of polarity of primary and secondary)
- Detailed drawing and technical specification for porcelain insulator.
- Routine test certificates
- Type test documents
- Shipping, warehousing, assembly, erection, commissioning, operating and maintenance instruction
manuals
- List of component
- Packing details
- Work schedules and monthly progress report
- Drawing list
- Final as built Doc/Dwg
- Dismantling reassembling and adjusting manuals
9.1- Transportation
If current transformer not designed for horizontal transportation it shall be transported vertically. In this
case maximum allowable deviation angle shall be 60 degree.
If current transformer which shall be transported vertically, placed horizontally, it shall not be energized,
because nitrogen gas exists on top of expansion chamber, may be reached active part region of
transformer and in this situation, with energizing current transformer danger of explosion of CT exists.
13 Transportation, Storage, Installation and Commissioning
9.2- Storage
Current transformer can be stored in a covered or open air condition according to manufacturer
instructions. If current transformers are stored in open air, at least they shall be covered with plastic
tissues. These plastic tissues shall not be put directly on galvanized surfaces and an air channel shall be
mounted to prevent any infiltration of water.
Storage is called to a place that:
- It has a ceiling
- Its floor is firm and uniform.
- Air humidity shall be less than 50%
- Air temperature 20 ± 10 C°
To prevent water from reaching the current transformer, it shall be stored in an elevation upper than floor
level. To prevent any corrosion caused by the infiltration of water, the plastic cover shall be removed (not
for spare parts).
After receiving of each current transformer the following items shall be checked:
- Current transformer delivery is according to order documents.
- There is no damage or shortage in the delivered current transformer
If there is any damage, all damages shall be photographed. These shall be reported. Storage of a current
transformer in moist and not well ventilated air may cause the change of color of galvanized surfaces.
This change of color is generally named white corrosion and is not a reason for rejecting the goods.
All parts shall be stored in away are always accessible. The surrounding ambient of current transformer
shall be clean of any dust, smoke, flammable or corrosive gasses, steam or salt. In this condition, the
storage shall be cleaned before storing process.
Spare parts shall be kept in their original boxes and stored in storage. This is specially important for
plastic parts (for water proofing and etc). These parts shall be kept away from sunlight to prevent them
drying. Spacer washers can be stored for just a short time in the storage.
In the case of tank type transformer, Because of center of gravity is placed on bottom and transformer
has a relatively high weight, additional equipments for tightening transformer to the floor is not required.
Technical Specifications of Current Transformers 14
6. Ground terminal of CT shall be earthed. Capacitive terminal which come through a bushing from oil
chamber If not to be used shall be connected to oil chamber case.
9.4. Commissioning
After a current transformer has been installed and all connections have been completed, commissioning
tests are recommended to be performed to confirm that transportation and storage have not damaged the
current transformer.
The manufacturer shall produce a program of site commissioning checks and tests. Repetition of the full
program of routing tests, already performed in the factory, shall be avoided as the purpose of
commissioning tests is for confirmation of
- Existence of no damage
- Compatibility of separate units
- Correct assembly
- Correct performance of the assembled current transformer.
For this purpose the commissioning tests shall include, but not limited to the following items:
SCHEDULE CT (I)
RATINGS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 kV 245 kV 145 kV 72.5 kV
1 Particulars of system:
1.1 Highest system voltage kV 420 245 145 72.5
1.2 Nominal system frequency Hz 50 50 50 50
1.3 Number of phases 3 3 3 3
1.4 System neutral earthing Solidly earthed Solidly earthed Solidly earthed Solidly earthed/Non-
Solidly earthed
1.5 Max. duration of short time current sec 1 1 1 1
2 Service conditions
2.1 Max. ambient temperature °C 40/45/50/55 40/45/50/55 40/45/50/55 40/45/50/55
2.2 Min. ambient temperature °C -40/-35/-25 -40/-35/-25 -40/-35/-25 -40/-35/-25
Average value of daily
2.3 °C * * * *
temperature
2.4 Solar radiation W/m2 * * * *
2.5 Altitude above sea level m 1000/1500/2000/2500 1000/1500/2000/2500 1000/1500/2000/2500 1000/1500/2000/2500
Low/medium/high/very Low/medium/high/very Low/medium/high/very Low/medium/high/very
2.6 Pollution level
high/special high/special high/special high/special
2.7 Max. wind velocity m/s 30/40/45 30/40/45 30/40/45 30/40/45
2.8 Wind velocity at ice condition m/s 20 20 20 20
2.9 Ice coating thickness mm 5/10/20/25 5/10/20/25 5/10/20/25 5/10/20/25
2.10 Seismic acceleration m/s2 0.2g/0.25g/0.3g/0.35g 0.2g/0.25g/0.3g/0.35g 0.2g/0.25g/0.3g/0.35g 0.2g/0.25g/0.3g/0.35g
2.11 Relative humidity % 90/95/more than 95 90/95/more than 95 90/95/more than 95 90/95/more than 95
3 CT characteristics
3.1 Class (outdoor/indoor) Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor
3.2 Type Oil immersed-Tank/inverted type. Oil immersed-Tank/inverted type. Oil immersed-Tank/inverted type. Oil immersed-Tank/inverted type.
17 Tables
SCHEDULE CT (I)
RATINGS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 kV 245 kV 145 kV 72.5 kV
3.3 Highest Voltage for equipment kV 420 245 145 72.5
3.4 Nominal service voltage kV 400 230 132 63
Rated insulation levels at standard
3.5
conditions:
3.5.1 One min PFWL kV 490/510/570/630 275/325/360/395/460 185/230/275 140
3.5.2 LIWL kVpeak 1150/1175/1300/1425 650/750/850/950/1050 450/550/650 325
3.5.3 SIWL kVpeak 1050 __ __ __
3.6 Max. R.I.V at 1.1Um at 1 MHz µvolt 2500 2500 2500 __
3
3.7 Rated Primary current (Ipn) A # # # #
3.8 Rated secondary current (Isn) A 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5
3.9 Rated Primary current (Isc) kArms 50-63 40-50 25-31.5-40 20-25-31.5-40
3.10 Duration for short time current Sec 1 1 1 1
3.11 Rated dynamic current 2.5ISC 2.5ISC 2.5ISC 2.5ISC
3.12 Rated continuous thermal current 1.2Ipn 1.2Ipn 1.2Ipn 1.2Ipn
3.13 Number of cores:
3.13.1 For measuring 0/1/2# 0/1/2# 0/1/2# 0/1/2#
3.13.2 For protection 3/4/5# 3/4/5# 3/4/5# 3/4/5#
Technical Specifications of Current Transformers 18
SCHEDULE CT (I)
RATINGS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 kV 245 kV 145 kV 72.5 kV
3.14 Accuracy Class For Measuring cores 0.1/0.2/0.5/1/3/5/0.1S/0.5S# 0.1/0.2/0.5/1/3/5/0.1S/0.5S# 0.1/0.2/0.5/1/3/5/0.1S/0.5S# 0.1/0.2/0.5/1/3/5/0.1S/0.5S#
Rated burden
Item No. Core No. Application CT ratio (for each tap) Accuracy class
(VA)
Technical Specifications of Current Transformers 20
SCHEDULE CT (II)
GUARANTEED TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER)
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 kV 245 kV 145 kV 72.5 kV
1 GENERAL
1.1 Manufacturer's name and country
1.2 Manufacturer's type designation
1.3 Class and type (outdoor/indoor)
1.4 Applicable standard
1.5 Applicable site and ambient conditions:
1.5.1 Max. design ambient temperature °C
1.5.2 Min. design ambient temperature °C
1.5.3 Average value of daily temperature °C
1.5.4 Solar radiation W/m2
1.5.5 Design altitude above sea level m
1.5.6 Pollution level m/s2
1.5.7 Max. permissible ice thickness mm
1.5.8 Design seismic acceleration
1.5.9 Max. permissible wind velocity m/s
1.6 Document (test reports/outline/drawings
Catalogues/ maintenance & installation
Manuals /instruction manuals /references
List of spare parts)
2 Rated values & characteristics:
2.1 Rated voltage kV
2.2 Capacitive terminal provided? Yes /No
Tank type/
2.2.1 Type Inverted type
2.2.2 Short circuit current kA
21 Tables
SCHEDULE CT (II)
GUARANTEED TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER)
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 kV 245 kV 145 kV 72.5 kV
2.2.3 No load voltage V
2.3 Type of primary winding
(single turn or multi turn)
2.4 Means for compensation of oil expansion
2.5 Insulation level (at standard condition)
2.5.1 LIWL kVPeak
2.5.2 SIWL kVPeak
2.5.3 1 minute PFWL kV
2.6 Max. R.I.V level measured
at 1.1Umand 1 MHz µvolt
3
2.7 Rated power frequency withstand
Voltage for secondaries kV
Max. partial discharge level at 1.1Um pC
2.8
3
Dielectric dissipation factor at 1.1Um
2.9
3
2.10 Rated primary current A
2.11 Rated secondary current A
2.12 Rated transformation ratio
2.13 Rated continuous thermal current A
2.14 Rated short time thermal current:
2.14.1 1 sec kA
2.14.2 3 sec kA
Technical Specifications of Current Transformers 22
SCHEDULE CT (II)
GUARANTEED TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER)
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 kV 245 kV 145 kV 72.5 kV
2.15 Rated dynamic current kApeak
2.16 Time permitted with open circuited secondary Sec
2.17 Voltage at secondary winding in situation
of flowing of normal primary load current
through terminal and Secondary open
circuited V
2.18 Type of protective device (if any)
to limit voltage in item 2.17
2.19 No. of Cores in secondary:
2.19.1 For metering
2.19.2 For protection
2.20 Max. temp. rise at rated continuous
thermal current °C
2.21 Magnetization Curve
2.22 Overall length mm
2.23 Overall width mm
2.24 Overall height mm
2.25 Max. shipping dimensions m×m×m
2.26 Weight of oil kg
2.27 Type and grade of oil used
2.28 Total weight of a single phase current
transformer kg
23 Tables
SCHEDULE CT (II)
GUARANTEED TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER)
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 KV 245 KV 145 KV 72.5 KV
2.29 Material of conducting parts
2.30 Type of terminal connections
2.31 Corona ring provided? Yes/No
2.32 Max. allowed static forces applied at
outermost point of the primary terminal:
2.32.1 Horizontal N
2.32.2 Vertical N
2.33 Max. allowed dynamic forces applied at
outermost point of the primary terminal:
2.33.1 Horizontal N
2.33.2 Vertical N
2.34 Electrostatic capacity of complete current
transformer pF
2.35 Test method for internal discharge test
2.36 Voltage level for internal discharge test kV
2.37 Method of controlling stress distribution in
paper insulation
2.38 No. of stress grading foils
2.39 Vibratory characteristic of CT:
2.39.1 Damping factor %
2.39.2 Natural frequency (ies) Hz
Technical Specifications of Current Transformers 24
SCHEDULE CT (II)
GUARANTEED TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER)
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
420 KV 245 KV 145 KV 72.5 KV
2.40 Surge arrester on primary winding rating &
Protective characteristic provided? Yes/No
2.41 IP class of secondary terminal box
2.42 Heater provided? Yes/No
3 External insulator:
3.1 Type
3.2 Manufacturer's name and country
3.3 Dry striking distance mm
3.4 Detail of shed
3.5 Creepage distance mm
3.6 Washable in service Yes/No
3.7 Ultimate strength
3.7.1 Bending N.m
3.7.2 Torsion N.m