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Classes 1-9 of dangerous goods explained
ADR Dangerous Goods

2017-06-22
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 Class 1 - Explosive substances and articles

 Class 2 - Gases
 Class 3 - Flammable liquids
 Class 4 - Flammable solids
 Class 5 - Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
 Class 6 - Toxic and infectious substances
 Class 7 - Radioactive material
 Class 8 - Corrosive substances
 Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
Dangerous goods are classified into 9 different classes, based on the dangerous
properies of the goods or substance. If the goods have multiple dangerous propreties,
the most dominant one determines the class to which it shall belong.
The classes are part of the United Nations-based system of identifying dangerous goods,
and are used within many different subsystems such as the ADR, RID, IMDG and DGR for
classifying dangerous goods and hazardous materials.
Class 1 Explosive substances and articles

Class 1 contains substances and articles which pose a hazard due to explosion. Items in
Class 1 are further divided into divisions 1.1 - 1.6 depending on the nature of the
explosion hazard and the sensitivity of the item. A compatibility group, consisting of a
single letter, is also assigned to each item. The compatibility group letter indicates which
items can be transported together.
See also: List of all items in class 1
Class 2 Gases
Class 2 contains potentially dangerous gases.
Gases in class 2 are assigned one or more groups, representing their dangerous
properties.
Groups of class 2
Group Property
A Asphyxiant
O Oxidizing
F Flammable
T Toxic
TF Toxic, Flammable
TC Toxic, Corrosive
TO Toxic, Oxidizing
TFC Toxic, Flammable, Corrosive
TOC Toxic, Oxidizing, Corrosize
In some regulations, gases in class 2 are divided into divisions 2.1 - 2.3 depending on
their primary hazard.
Divisions of class 2
Divisio
Primary hazard Label
n
2.1 Flammable gases
2.2 Non-flammable, non toxic gases

Divisions of class 2
Divisio
Primary hazard Label
n
2.3 Toxic gases
Class 3 Flammable liquids

Class 3 covers flammable liquids, which includes some molten solid substances and
liquid desensitized explosives. Substances are divided into different packing groups
according to the degree of danger they present to transportation.
Packing groups for class 3

Packing
Flash point Initial boiling point
group
I - ≤ 35°C
II < 23°C > 35°C
III ≥ 23°C ≤ 60°C > 35°C
Class 4 Flammable solids

Class 4, like class 5 and 6, is actually an umbrella term, where all substances belong to
one of the subclasses.
Class 4 consists of the following subclasses

Class Primary hazard Label
Flammable solids, self-reactive

4.1 substances, polymerizing substances
and solid desensitized explosives
Substances liable to spontaneous

4.2
combustion
Substances which, in contact with

4.3
water, emit flammable gases
They all have in common that they are flammable under certain conditions. For
instance, strike-anywhere-matches (UN 1331) would be classified as a Class 4.1
substance.
Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic

peroxides
Class 5 consists of the following classes
5.1 Oxidizing substances
5.2 Organic peroxides
Class 5.1, oxidizing substances, are substances that may decompose quickly, releasing
oxygen or other oxidizing substances. This can cause a fire to accelerate quickly, or to
start due to the heat given off in the oxidation process.
Class 5.2, organic peroxides, may also decompose at a high rate and give off oxygen or
flammable gases, as well as heat. They can be very unstable and extremely flammable
under certain circumstances such as heat, friction, mechanical shock, or when they come
into contact with other substances.
Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances

Class 6 consists of the following classes
6.1 Toxic substances
6.2 Infectious substances
Class 6.1, toxic substances, is used to classify substances that - in relatively small
amounts and in a short duration - can cause serious injury or death to humans if
swallowed, inhaled or with by absorption through skin contact.
Class 6.2, infectious substances, covers substances which are known or are reasonably
expected to contain pathogens, i.e. microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses,
parasites and fungi) and other agents which can cause disease in humans or animals.
Class 7 Radioactive material

Class 7 contains substances and articles that are radioactive, meaning that they contain
radionuclides where both the activity concentration and the total activity exceed certain
threshold values defined in the regulations.
For some (Type A) materials and packages, a transport index is calculated on the basis of
the maximum dose rate on the external surface of the packaging, and different labels
and regulations apply depening on this index.
Transport indexes, dose rates and labels of class 7
Maximum dose rate on external Transport
Label
surface index
<0.005 mSv/h 0
>0.005 <0.5 mSv/h 0-1
>0.5 <2 mSv/h 1-10
Other regulations and labels apply to radioactive waste and materials exceeding the
limits for Type A packages.

Class 8 Corrosive substances
Class 8 covers substances that can cause a chemical reaction that can potentially
destroy living tissue or other goods. This includes substances which only form a corrosive
substance in the presence of water, or produce corrosive vapour in the presence of
moisture in the air.
Subcategories of class 8
Category Properties
C1-C4 Acid substances
C5-C8 Basic substances
C9-
Other corrosive substances
C10
C11 Corrosive articles
CF Corrosive substances, flammable
CS Corrosive substances, self-heating
Corrosive substances which, in contact with water, emit
CW
flammable gases
CO Corrosive substances, oxidizing
Corrosive substances, toxic and articles containing such
CT
substances
CFT Corrosive substances, flammable, liquid, toxic
COT Corrosive substances, oxidizing, toxic
Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances

and articles
Substances and articles which, during carraige, present a danger not covered by any of
the other classes fall under class 9.
Category Properties
M1 Substances which, on inhalation as fine dust, may endanger health
Category Properties
Substances and articles which, in the event of fire, may form
M2
dioxins
M3 Substances evolving flammable vapour
M4 Lithium batteries
M5 Life-saving appliances
Environmentally hazardous substances:
M6 - M6: Pollutant to the aquatic environment, liquid
M8 M7: Pollutant to the aquatic environment, solid
M8: Genetically modified microorganisms and organisms
Elevated temperature substances:
M9 -
M9: Liquid
M10
M10: Solid
Other substances and articles presenting a danger during carriage,
M11
but not meeting the definitions of another class.

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Classes 1-9 of dangerous goods explained

ADR Dangerous Goods

 Class 1 - Explosive substances and articles

Class 1 Explosive substances and articles

2.1 Flammable gases

2.2 Non-flammable, non toxic gases

2.3 Toxic gases

See also: List of all items in class 2

Class 3 Flammable liquids

Packing groups for class 3

See also: List of all items in class 3

Class 4 Flammable solids

Class 4 consists of the following subclasses

Flammable solids, self-reactive

Substances liable to spontaneous

Substances which, in contact with

See also: List of all items in class 4

Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic

5.1 Oxidizing substances

5.2 Organic peroxides

See also: List of all items in class 5

Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances

6.1 Toxic substances

6.2 Infectious substances

See also: List of all items in class 6

Class 7 Radioactive material

>0.005 <0.5 mSv/h 0-1

>0.5 <2 mSv/h 1-10

See also: List of all items in class 7

See also: List of all items in class 8

Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances

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