Global Trend

1.
Understanding international relations

1. Conceptual definitions & assessment of overall Global Trends
2. Nature and evolution of international relations
3. Actors in international relations
4. Levels of analysis in IR
2. Theories of international relations
 Realism
 Marxism
 Constructivism
 Liberalism
Chapter One
Understanding International Relation (IR)
1.1The concept of Nation, Nationalism, State & Nation-State

A. Nation:- A group of people who are residing in a particular area by having common
History, Identity, Belief, Interest, Psychological makeup …
Are historical entities that evolve organically out of more similar ethnic communities.
B. Nationalism: - A political ideology in which nation start to declare self
administration, autonomous governance.
 It is a movement to achieve liberty, freedom, self governance.
 Most influential force in international affairs.
 Caused to the outbreak of wars revolution in the globe.
 A factor for the collapse of old age empires.
 A powerful component for the emergence of new states.
E.g France 1789, Britain 1776
Revolution To…
C. State: - A political entity that compress/consist to core elements.
I. Population size – Large – china 1.6 bill
- India 1.3 bill
- Small – Vatican 100,000
- Djibouti
Type- Homogenous: having similar culture
- E.g. Somalia, Germany
-Heterogeneous: diversified Linguine tie group
E.g. India, Nigeria, Ethiopia
II. Defined Territory: - Boundary should be neatly out line/demerited.

III. Government :- Soul of the state
- Administrative wing of the state
IV. Sovereignty: - Non-Interference. The freedom to make decision
Sovereignty
Internal External
- Formulating - State can make realism ship based on its
- Bringing peace interest (Willingness)
- Security
- Ensuring justice
V. Recognition: - Alternative/Choice
D. Nation-State:- A state established by having peoples of similar culture
E.g. German, Somalia
E. Multination-State:- A state having diversified culture groups.
1.2 Understanding International Relations (IRs)

Foreign & International Relation
A. *Foreign Relation (F.R) :- Any external relationship run b/n or among surrounding states
*State is the prime; the center of I.R. b/c state can conduct any treat by having its
formal Foreign Policy
B. International Relation (I.R):- Interaction b/n or among Intirituals business organization
state on political, economy, social, cultural … etc aspects
*IR is said to be complex, multidimensional phenomena. Why; B/c
 Actors are many
 State & non state actors
 Proliferation of ICT
1.3 Evolution of IRs/Historical Development of IR

 It was traced back with human history traditional definition
 Modern IR was born after the formation of modern sovereign states. on political
economy, social cultural … etc aspects
 Modern sovereign was born during 1648 (1618 _ 1648, 30years war the empires and
small state ) west phila peace treaty
Actors in International Relations

State Actors
• International Relations (IRs) traditionally focused on interactions between states;
• However, this conventional view has been broadened over the years to include
relationships between all sorts of political entities including international organizations,
multinational corporations, societies and citizens.
Non-State Actors
• Individuals;
• Groups;
• IGOs
• NGOs
• MNCs
• CSOs
• The system level;
• Social media;
• Mainstream media.
Levels of Analysis in International Relations

 The individual,
 Group
 state
 The international system
 The Structure of International System:
o Unipolar
o Bipolar
o Multipolar system
Q. What is the difference between foreign policy and national interest?
Foreign policy and national interest are related concepts, but they have distinct
meanings.
Foreign policy refers to a government's strategy in dealing with other nations.
It involves decisions and actions regarding diplomacy, trade, defense, and
international relations. Foreign policy is shaped by a country's goals, values, and
interests in the global arena.
National interest refers to the goals and objectives of a country as a whole. It
encompasses the economic, military, political, and cultural interests that a
nation seeks to protect and advance. National interest guides the formulation of
foreign policy and influences a country's interactions with other nations.
In summary, foreign policy is the specific approach a government takes in its
interactions with other countries, while national interest represents the broader
objectives and priorities of a nation as a whole.
What is the difference and similarity between national interest and

foreign policy?
national interest is for the benefit of the citizens of the nation say USA, were
decisions are based on the enhancement of the environmental, financial health
of the citizens?
foreign policy is the working relationship between other nations to respect their
boundaries and commerce as to provide a stable condition were exchanges can
occur?
What is the difference and similarity between national interest and

foreign policy?
First off, they are different categories. So ‘similarity’ and ‘difference’ is already
covered by that.
Foreign policy is the policy a nation has towards other nations. This, obviously,
may vary per nation.
National interest is, literally, the interest of a nation. Such a thing doesn’t
merely apply to foreign policy, but internal policies as well. But as concerns
foreign policy, it’s generally assumed that the best foreign policy is that which
serves the nation, i.e. is in the national interest.
What is the relationship between national interest and foreign policy?
It is a generalization.
For empires, say countries powerful enough to influence if not even dictate the
politics of other countries, foreign policy is for the benefit the neo-colonialists
under the pretext to be of national interests.
For all other countries where imports/exports are of economic interests, foreign
policies are national interests.
Tribes and small societies have always found way to handle mutual issues by
themselves, for the most part peacefully. No sooner societies form governments
and have elites, self-serving gets into the picture.

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1.

Understanding international relations

1.1The concept of Nation, Nationalism, State & Nation-State

II. Defined Territory: - Boundary should be neatly out line/demerited.

1.2 Understanding International Relations (IRs)

1.3 Evolution of IRs/Historical Development of IR

Actors in International Relations

Levels of Analysis in International Relations

What is the difference and similarity between national interest and

What is the difference and similarity between national interest and

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