Olo Olo

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 70

Classification of Sentence

Transformation of Sentence

Change of Voice

Narration

Degree of Comparison
Classification of Sentence
Sentence

Assertive Imperative Exclamatory


 ✓ Main Verb Exclamation
Sub + Verb + Obj Interrogative ✓ Don’t Sign(!) থাকবে
✓ Let
Yes-No WH ✓ Please
Auxiliary WH word ✓ Never Optative
দ্বারা শুরু হবে দ্বারা শুরু হবে Wish/Pray করা
বোঝাবে
Sentence

Simple Compound
 
Sub + FV
Complex Co-ordinate
 Sub + FV + Conjunction + Sub + FV
Clause
Sub + FV + + Sub + FV
Marker
❑Finite Vs Non-Finite
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
Go Went Gone Going To go
Write Wrote Written Writing To write
Clause Marker Co-ordinate Conjunction
A Although, After, As F ,For
W All ‘WH’ words
A And
H How
N Nor
I If, In case, In order that
T Though, Than, That B But
E Even though , Even if O Or
B Because , Before Y Yet
U Until , Unless S So
S Since, So that
Some Confusing Areas

✓ All but you are invited to the party.

✓ There is no mother but loves her child.

✓ He is poor but honest.


Q & A Session-01
01. Which of the following is a complex sentence? [M: 09-10]
A. Move or you will die.
B. Let them do this or they will die.
C. Work hard or you cannot prosper in life.
D. If he helps us, we shall win.

02. Which of the following is a complex sentence? [M&D:11-12]


A. Tell the truth. B. I am sure of his success.
C. Many foods are poison to us. D. This letter proves that he is honest.
Q & A Session-01

03. Which of following is a Complex sentence? [M: 09-10]


A. All but you can do it B. There is no mother but loves her child
C. He is poor but honest D. They are quite mistaken.

04.Which of the following is an Imperative Sentence? [M: 04-05]


A. Do it at once. B. You read it attentively
C. I wish your success in life. D. Does he go to school?
Q & A Session-01
05. Which one of the following is an imperative sentence? [M:01-02]
A. Water is important for life. B. Never tell a lie.
C. He is poor but honest. D. Unless you try hard, you will fail

06. The man who sat next to me is an architect. It is a-[M: 22-23]


A. compound sentence B. complex-compound sentence
C. simple sentence D. complex sentence
Transformation of Sentence
Affirmative to Negative

েযক্তির জন্য None but


1. Only /Alone
েস্তুর জন্য Nothing but
Ex:
✓ Only Allah can help us .
→ None but Allah can help us.
✓ I have only a book.
→ I have nothing but a book.
Affirmative to Negative

Can not but + (v1)


2. Must
Can not help + (V + ing)
✓ We must solve this problem.
→ We can not but solve this problem.
→ We can not help solving this problem.
Affirmative to Negative

3. Every/All → There is no but


✓ Every mother loves her child.
→ There is no mother but loves her child.
✓ Every patriot loves his country.
→ There is no patriot but loves his country.
Affirmative to Negative

4. As Soon as → No sooner had- - - - - - - - than


✓ As soon as I left the place he went away.
→ No sooner had I left the place than he went away.
5. Both - - - - - and → Not only - - - - - - - but also
✓ Both Karim and Rahim went there .
→ Not only Karim but also Rahim went there.
Affirmative to Negative
6. ক্তেপরীোথথক Noun/Adjective/Adverb েযেহার কবর
Affirmative বেবে Negative এ রূপান্তর করা যায়।
✓ He always remembers us.
→He never forgets us.
✓ She is correct.
→She is not incorrect.
Assertive to Interrogative
Rule-08 : Affirmative Sentence এর শুরুবে Auxiliary + Not এেং Negative
Sentence এর শুরুবে Auxiliary যিু কবর Interrogative Sentence তেরী করা যায়।
Ex:
▪ He is a good student
✓ Isn’t he a good student?

▪ They weren’t present


✓ Were they present?
Assertive to Interrogative
Rule-09 : Everybody /Everyone/ All থাকবে Who do not / Who doesn’t যি
ু কবর

Ex:
▪ Everybody likes flower
✓ Who doesn’t like flower?

▪ All hate a liar


✓ Who do not hate a liar?
Assertive to Interrogative

Rule-10 : Nobody / No one / None থাকবে Who েযেহার কবর


Ex:
▪ Nobody believes a liar
✓ Who believes a liar?

▪ None can do this


✓ Who can do this?
Assertive to Interrogative

Rule-11 : WH Question যক্তি স্বাধীনভাবে েবে েখন এরা Interrogative হবে। ক্তকন্তু
WH Question যক্তি অন্যবকান Sentence এর অংশ হয় েবে এক্তি Assertive হবে যাবে।

Ex:
✓ What is your name?
✓ I know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) What is your name.
(ii) What your name is
Assertive to Exclamatory
Rule-12 : Article থাকবে What a / an দ্বারা Exclamatory করা যায়।

Ex:
▪ The Padma is a very big river
✓ What a big river the Padma is !
Assertive to Exclamatory

Rule-13 : Article না থাকবে How দ্বারা Exclamatory করা যায়।


Ex:
▪ Bangladesh is very beautiful
✓ How beautiful Bangladesh is !
Interchanging between Simple, Complex,
Compound

Page-213 এর BOX
Q & A Session-02
01. “Every mother loves her child.” Make it negative. [M&D: 12-13+97-98]
A. Every mother does not love her child
B. There is no mother who does not hate her child
C. Every mother hates her child
D. There is no mother but loves her child

02. “You can not but do it?” Make it affirmative. [M&D: 12-13]
A. You can do it B. You should do it
C. You shall do it D. You must do it
Q & A Session-02
03. The negative form of the sentence, "Man is mortal." - [M: 03-04]
A. Man is not mortal B. Man is not immortal
C. Man does not die D. Man never die, but immortal

04. The exclamatory form of the sentence—


“A little learning is a dangerous thing”. [M 96—97]
A. How dangerous a little learning is!
B. Isn’t a little learning a dangerous things!
C. What a dangerous thing a little learning is!
D. What is danger a little learning is!
Q & A Session-02
05. “Only an honest man is happy.” Make it negative.[D 16-17]
A. An honest man is not only happy B. None but an honest man is happy
C. No honest man is happy D. An honest man is not happy only

06. Only the evening star has appeared.’ Make it negative [M:03-04]
A. No star but the evening star appears.
B. No star but only evening star appeared
C. Nothing but the evening star has appeared
D. No star but evening star appeared
Change of Voice
Rule-01: Passive Voice of Modal Auxiliaries
Active Passive
I can do it . It can be done by me.
He may drink milk at night . Milk maybe drunk by him at night .
You should respect your teachers . Your teachers should be respected by you.
We must do our duty . Our duty must be done by us.
Rule-02: Passive Voice of Reflexive verb

Active Passive
He killed himself . He was killed by himself.
The lady praises herself . The lady is praised by herself.
We helped ourselves . We were helped by ourselves.
Rule-03: Passive Voice Factitive Verb

Active Passive
We made him captain . He was made captain by us.
People made him a leader . He was made a leader by people .
We elected him mayor . He was elected mayor by us.
Rule-04: Passive Voice of Quasi-Passive Verb
Active Passive
Honey tastes sweet . Honey is tasted sweet .
Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
Rice sells cheap . Rice is sold cheap .
The bed feels soft . The bed is felt soft .
The rose smells sweet . The rose is smelt sweet .
Rule-05: Passive Voice of present participle

Active Passive
I saw him going to market . He was seen going to market by me .
I saw her reading a book . She was seen reading a book by me.
Rule-06: Passive Voice of Intransitive verbs

Active Passive
A car ran over the dog . The dog was run over by a car.
They laughed at the blind man . The blind man was laughed at by them .
She looks after the orphans. The orphans are looked after by her.
Rule-07: ক্তকছু Verb বযমন: astonish, annoy, contain, fill, know, bless, displease,
dissatisfy, gratify, shock, satisfy, please, seize, marvel, surprise ইেযাক্তির পবর by
না েবে অন্য preposition েবে।
Active Passive
I know him. He is known to me.
Smoke fills the room. The room is filled with smoke .
The girl pleased me with her talents . I was pleased with the girl at her talents.
Our teacher embodies all good qualities. All good qualities are embodied in our
teacher.
Rule-08: ক্তকছু Passive Sentence এ by + Agent উহ্য থাবক বেবেবে অবথথর
উপর ক্তভক্তি কবর Subject েোবে হবে।
Passive Active
My pocket has been picked Someone has picked my pocket
Rome was not built in a day The Roman didn’t build Rome in a day
English is spoken all over the world People speak English all over the world
Active Passive
Who By whom
Whom Who
What What
Rule-09: Passive voice of Interrogative (WH) Why Why
Which Which
How How
Active Passive
Who will do the work? By whom will the work be done?
Who has broken the glass? By whom has the glass been broken?
Who decorated the house? By whom was the house decorated?
Rule-10: Passive Voice of Interrogative (Yes-No) Sentence

Active Passive
Do you take tea? Is tea taken by you?
Has she done it yet? Has it been done by her yet?
Did he solve the problem? Was the problem solved by him?
Q & A Session-03
01. The correct passive voice of the sentence “who taught you grammar?” is-
[M: 20-21]
A. By whom you taught grammar? B. By whom were you taught grammar?
C. By whom was you taught grammar? D. By whom grammar was taught you?

02. Which one of the following sentence is in the passive form? [M: 19-20]
A. The room has been cleaned. B. Somebody has cleaned the room.
C. Somebody is using the computer now. D. They are building a new road in the city.
Q & A Session-03

03. Which one is the correct active sentence of the passive form-
‘English is spoken all over the world’ [M: 17-18]
A. People speaks English all over the world. B. All people of the world speak English.
C. People speak English all over the world. D. All the world people speak English.

04. ‘Let her sing a song’ passive form is- [M: 13-14]
A. Let a song be sung by her B. Let a song be sang by her
C. Let a song sing by her D. Let a song sung by her
Q & A Session-03
05. Passive form of “Take care of your health” – [M: 06-07]
A. Let your health taken care. B. Let your health be taken care of
C. Let you health taken care of. D. Health is taken care by you.

06. “It is known to me how it was done by him.”


Find the correct active voice – [M: 04-05]
A. I know how he has done. B. I knew how he has done.
C. I know how he did it. D. I knew how he did it.
Q & A Session-03

07. Passive form of ‘The peon opened the gate’. [M: 03-04]
A. The gate was opened by the peon. B. The gate is being opened by the peon.
C. The gate is being opened by the peon.D. The gate was to be opened by the peon

08. Who opened the door? passive form ? [M: 03-04]


A. By whom was the door opened? B. The door was opened by whom?
C. By whom the door was opened? D. By whom was opened the door?
Narration
Change of tense in
Narration

Rule-01: Reporting Verb এ Present ো Future থাকবে


Reported Speech এর Verb এর Tense এর বকান পক্তরেেথন হয় না।
Ex:
1. He says to me, ‘I can do it’
= He says to me that he can do it.
2. He will say. ‘I did not go there’
= He will say that he did not go there.
Rule-02: Reporting Verb এ Past tense থাকবে Reported Speech এর Tense
ক্তনম্নরূপ ভাবে পক্তরেেথন হবে।
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect continuous

❑Past Perfect ও Past Perfect Continuous থাকবে Change হবে না।


Change of tense in Narration
Rule- 03:
Reported Speech এ যক্তি ক্তিরন্তন েেয (Universal Truth) ো অভযােগে েেয
(Habitual Fact) থাকবে Reporting verb এ Past tense থাকবেও Reported
speech এ tense পক্তরেেথন হবে না।
Ex:
(i) Mina said, ‘I read newspaper everyday’.
✓ Mina said that she reads newspaper everyday.

(ii) The teacher said, ‘The earth moves round the sun’.
✓ The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
Narration on Sentence Type
Assertive Sentences
• Mother said, 'Rice has been cooked’.
→Mother said that rice had been cooked.

• Alam said to kalim, 'I go home now’.


→ Alam told Kalim that he went home then.
Interrogative Sentence

• She said to me, ‘Will you go there?’


→She asked/ inquired me if/whether I would go there.

• He said to me, “What is your name?”


→ He asked me what my name was.
Imperative Sentence

➢ He said to the boy, 'Do it’.


→ He ordered the boy to do it.

➢ He said to the boy, 'Do not do it.


→ He ordered the boy not to do it.

➢ Rahim said to Karim “let us go home”


→ Rahim proposed to Karim that they should go home.
Exclamatory Sentence
• He said, 'How fine the book is!’
→He exclaimed with surprise that the book was very fine.

• He said, ‘What a beautiful country Bangladesh is!’


→ He exclaimed with surprise that Bangladesh was a very beautiful country.
Q & A Session-04

01. She said, "I taught in many schools" - what is the


indirect speech of this sentence? [M: 19-20]
A. She said she had taught in many schools
B. She said that she had taught in many schools.
C. She said she had educated in many schools.
D. She said she taught in many schools.
Q & A Session-04

02. Change the following sentence into indirect speech.


Amin said,“I have been working since 9 AM.” [M: 05-06]
A. Amin said that he has worked till 9 AM.
B. Amin said that he is working since 9 AM.
C. Amin said that he had been working since 9 AM.
D. Amin said that he has been working from 9 AM
Q & A Session-04
03. Find the Indirect speech of the following Sentence.
The teacher said to me, "You are wrong." [M: 03-04]
A. The teacher told me that I was wrong. B. The teacher said to me that I was wrong.
C. The teacher said that I am wrong. D. The teacher told me I was wrong.

04. I said to him, “I don’t believe you’. Choose the Indirect speech? [M: 02-03]
A. I said I didn’t believe him B. I didn’t believe him, I said
C. I said that I don’t believe him D. I said that I didn’t believe him.
Q & A Session-04
05. Which one of the following is correct indirect speech of the sentence.
He said,"Do you know me?" [M&D : 12-13+M: 03-04]
A. He inquired whether I knew him. B. He asked me that whether I knew him.
C. He told me that if I knew him. D. He asked me that if I know him.

06. Which of the following is the correct indirect form of the sentence?
She said, “Oh! How charming he scenery is!” [M : 08-09]
A. She exclaimed with wonder that the scenery was very charming.
B. She with wonder that the scenery was very charming.
C. She exclaimed wonder that the scenery was very charming.
D. She exclaimed with wonder that the scenery very charming.
DEGREE OF COMPARISON
Positive Degree
• As ---- as (Affirmative)
• So ---- as (Negative)
Ex:
(i) Jamila is as talented as Shila.
(ii) Jamila is not so intelligent as shila
Comparative Degree
• (Adjective + er) + than
• More/less + Adjective/ Adverb + than

i. Jamila is taller than shila.


ii. Jamila is more/ less intelligent than shila.
Superlative Degree

• The + (Adjective + est)


• The + most / least + Adjective / Adverb

i. Jamila is the tallest girl.


ii. Jamila is the most intelligent girl.
Special Rule: 01
োধারণে Comparative এর পূবেথ the হয় না।
ক্তকন্তু ‘of the two’ থাকবে The + Comparative হয়।
Ex:
Tom is _____ intelligent of the two boys.
1. the most
2. the more
Special Rule: 02
যে –েে েঝ
ু াবে,
The + Comparative + ..................+ the + comparative েযেহৃে হয়।
Ex:
✓ The greater the demand, the higher the price.
✓ The more you read, the more you learn.
✓ The more you learn, the more you earn.
Special Rule: 03
েকে Comparative এর পবর than েবে।
ক্তকন্তু
Senior, Junior, Superior, Inferior,Prior, Ulterior,
Posterior এর পবর to েেবে।
Ex:
✓ Tom is senior than/ to John.
Special Rule: 04
বকাবনা োবকয Double Comparative/ Superlative হবে না।
Ex:
 I am comparatively better today
✓ I am comparatively well today
✓ I am better today
Special Rule: 05
েু েনা করবে হয় েমজােীয় েযক্তি ো েস্তুর মবধয।
Ex:
❑ My dog is smarter than–
i. them ii. their dog iii. Theirs

❑ The weather of Sylhet is better than ––


i. Dhaka ii. Dhaka’s iii. that of Dhaka

❑ The mangoes of Rajshahi are better than ––


i. Dhaka ii. That of Dhaka iii. Those of Dhaka
Special Rule: 06
PGTG = Prefer + Gerund + to + Gerund
Ex:
01. He prefers flying to _____ by train.
A. Travel B. Traveling
B. Travelled D. Travels
Special Rule: 7
▪ আত্মীয়বির পবু েথ Elder ও Eldest েবে। এেং
▪ োকী েকে বেবে Older ও Oldest েেবে।
Ex:
01. My older/elder brother is older/ elder than me.
Q & A Session-05
01. Which one is the correct sentence? [M & D: 13-14]
A. He is comparatively better today. B. He is good today than before.
C. He is better today. D. He is best today than yesterday.

02. Which of the following is a superlative sentence? [M: 08-09]


A. Hira is not so tall as Panna.
B. Sadia is not so beautiful as Sumaya.
C. Very few subjects are so easy as this.
D. Nurul is the best boy in the class.
Q & A Session-05
03. Which of the following is not a positive sentence? [M: 08-09]
A. Sabrina is as wise as Segupta.
B. Boby is taller than any other girl in the class.
C. Very few young men are so industrious as Murad.
D. Sadhin was as active as Asad.

04. The greater the demand ___ the price. [M: 93-94]
A. the higher B. the high
C. higher D. high
Q & A Session-05
05. ‘One’s finger prints are _____; [M: 93-94]
A. differs from any other person
B. different to any other person
C. different from those of any other person
D. different from any other person

06. “She is beautiful but she is --- her mother.” Fill in the gap. [32nd BCS]
A. most beautiful B. less beautiful
C. as beautiful D. not so beautiful as

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy