Olo Olo
Olo Olo
Olo Olo
Transformation of Sentence
Change of Voice
Narration
Degree of Comparison
Classification of Sentence
Sentence
Simple Compound
Sub + FV
Complex Co-ordinate
Sub + FV + Conjunction + Sub + FV
Clause
Sub + FV + + Sub + FV
Marker
❑Finite Vs Non-Finite
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
Go Went Gone Going To go
Write Wrote Written Writing To write
Clause Marker Co-ordinate Conjunction
A Although, After, As F ,For
W All ‘WH’ words
A And
H How
N Nor
I If, In case, In order that
T Though, Than, That B But
E Even though , Even if O Or
B Because , Before Y Yet
U Until , Unless S So
S Since, So that
Some Confusing Areas
Ex:
▪ Everybody likes flower
✓ Who doesn’t like flower?
Rule-11 : WH Question যক্তি স্বাধীনভাবে েবে েখন এরা Interrogative হবে। ক্তকন্তু
WH Question যক্তি অন্যবকান Sentence এর অংশ হয় েবে এক্তি Assertive হবে যাবে।
Ex:
✓ What is your name?
✓ I know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) What is your name.
(ii) What your name is
Assertive to Exclamatory
Rule-12 : Article থাকবে What a / an দ্বারা Exclamatory করা যায়।
Ex:
▪ The Padma is a very big river
✓ What a big river the Padma is !
Assertive to Exclamatory
Page-213 এর BOX
Q & A Session-02
01. “Every mother loves her child.” Make it negative. [M&D: 12-13+97-98]
A. Every mother does not love her child
B. There is no mother who does not hate her child
C. Every mother hates her child
D. There is no mother but loves her child
02. “You can not but do it?” Make it affirmative. [M&D: 12-13]
A. You can do it B. You should do it
C. You shall do it D. You must do it
Q & A Session-02
03. The negative form of the sentence, "Man is mortal." - [M: 03-04]
A. Man is not mortal B. Man is not immortal
C. Man does not die D. Man never die, but immortal
06. Only the evening star has appeared.’ Make it negative [M:03-04]
A. No star but the evening star appears.
B. No star but only evening star appeared
C. Nothing but the evening star has appeared
D. No star but evening star appeared
Change of Voice
Rule-01: Passive Voice of Modal Auxiliaries
Active Passive
I can do it . It can be done by me.
He may drink milk at night . Milk maybe drunk by him at night .
You should respect your teachers . Your teachers should be respected by you.
We must do our duty . Our duty must be done by us.
Rule-02: Passive Voice of Reflexive verb
Active Passive
He killed himself . He was killed by himself.
The lady praises herself . The lady is praised by herself.
We helped ourselves . We were helped by ourselves.
Rule-03: Passive Voice Factitive Verb
Active Passive
We made him captain . He was made captain by us.
People made him a leader . He was made a leader by people .
We elected him mayor . He was elected mayor by us.
Rule-04: Passive Voice of Quasi-Passive Verb
Active Passive
Honey tastes sweet . Honey is tasted sweet .
Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
Rice sells cheap . Rice is sold cheap .
The bed feels soft . The bed is felt soft .
The rose smells sweet . The rose is smelt sweet .
Rule-05: Passive Voice of present participle
Active Passive
I saw him going to market . He was seen going to market by me .
I saw her reading a book . She was seen reading a book by me.
Rule-06: Passive Voice of Intransitive verbs
Active Passive
A car ran over the dog . The dog was run over by a car.
They laughed at the blind man . The blind man was laughed at by them .
She looks after the orphans. The orphans are looked after by her.
Rule-07: ক্তকছু Verb বযমন: astonish, annoy, contain, fill, know, bless, displease,
dissatisfy, gratify, shock, satisfy, please, seize, marvel, surprise ইেযাক্তির পবর by
না েবে অন্য preposition েবে।
Active Passive
I know him. He is known to me.
Smoke fills the room. The room is filled with smoke .
The girl pleased me with her talents . I was pleased with the girl at her talents.
Our teacher embodies all good qualities. All good qualities are embodied in our
teacher.
Rule-08: ক্তকছু Passive Sentence এ by + Agent উহ্য থাবক বেবেবে অবথথর
উপর ক্তভক্তি কবর Subject েোবে হবে।
Passive Active
My pocket has been picked Someone has picked my pocket
Rome was not built in a day The Roman didn’t build Rome in a day
English is spoken all over the world People speak English all over the world
Active Passive
Who By whom
Whom Who
What What
Rule-09: Passive voice of Interrogative (WH) Why Why
Which Which
How How
Active Passive
Who will do the work? By whom will the work be done?
Who has broken the glass? By whom has the glass been broken?
Who decorated the house? By whom was the house decorated?
Rule-10: Passive Voice of Interrogative (Yes-No) Sentence
Active Passive
Do you take tea? Is tea taken by you?
Has she done it yet? Has it been done by her yet?
Did he solve the problem? Was the problem solved by him?
Q & A Session-03
01. The correct passive voice of the sentence “who taught you grammar?” is-
[M: 20-21]
A. By whom you taught grammar? B. By whom were you taught grammar?
C. By whom was you taught grammar? D. By whom grammar was taught you?
02. Which one of the following sentence is in the passive form? [M: 19-20]
A. The room has been cleaned. B. Somebody has cleaned the room.
C. Somebody is using the computer now. D. They are building a new road in the city.
Q & A Session-03
03. Which one is the correct active sentence of the passive form-
‘English is spoken all over the world’ [M: 17-18]
A. People speaks English all over the world. B. All people of the world speak English.
C. People speak English all over the world. D. All the world people speak English.
04. ‘Let her sing a song’ passive form is- [M: 13-14]
A. Let a song be sung by her B. Let a song be sang by her
C. Let a song sing by her D. Let a song sung by her
Q & A Session-03
05. Passive form of “Take care of your health” – [M: 06-07]
A. Let your health taken care. B. Let your health be taken care of
C. Let you health taken care of. D. Health is taken care by you.
07. Passive form of ‘The peon opened the gate’. [M: 03-04]
A. The gate was opened by the peon. B. The gate is being opened by the peon.
C. The gate is being opened by the peon.D. The gate was to be opened by the peon
(ii) The teacher said, ‘The earth moves round the sun’.
✓ The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
Narration on Sentence Type
Assertive Sentences
• Mother said, 'Rice has been cooked’.
→Mother said that rice had been cooked.
04. I said to him, “I don’t believe you’. Choose the Indirect speech? [M: 02-03]
A. I said I didn’t believe him B. I didn’t believe him, I said
C. I said that I don’t believe him D. I said that I didn’t believe him.
Q & A Session-04
05. Which one of the following is correct indirect speech of the sentence.
He said,"Do you know me?" [M&D : 12-13+M: 03-04]
A. He inquired whether I knew him. B. He asked me that whether I knew him.
C. He told me that if I knew him. D. He asked me that if I know him.
06. Which of the following is the correct indirect form of the sentence?
She said, “Oh! How charming he scenery is!” [M : 08-09]
A. She exclaimed with wonder that the scenery was very charming.
B. She with wonder that the scenery was very charming.
C. She exclaimed wonder that the scenery was very charming.
D. She exclaimed with wonder that the scenery very charming.
DEGREE OF COMPARISON
Positive Degree
• As ---- as (Affirmative)
• So ---- as (Negative)
Ex:
(i) Jamila is as talented as Shila.
(ii) Jamila is not so intelligent as shila
Comparative Degree
• (Adjective + er) + than
• More/less + Adjective/ Adverb + than
04. The greater the demand ___ the price. [M: 93-94]
A. the higher B. the high
C. higher D. high
Q & A Session-05
05. ‘One’s finger prints are _____; [M: 93-94]
A. differs from any other person
B. different to any other person
C. different from those of any other person
D. different from any other person
06. “She is beautiful but she is --- her mother.” Fill in the gap. [32nd BCS]
A. most beautiful B. less beautiful
C. as beautiful D. not so beautiful as
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