Leads schooL system 200+campuses

A Project of Lahore Leads University

Subject: Science Unit no: 7

Class: 7 Chemical bonds
Step no: 1
Concept clarification / reading
Step no: 2
Dictation

Constituent, Attraction, Recongnize, Electrostatic force, Unreactive stable, Achieve, Underneath, Outer shell, Electronic
structure, Resulting, Reactivity, Considerably, Chemical bond

Step no: 3

Words/ meanings
Words Meanings Synonyms
Constituent ‫آئین ساز‬ |Component
Attraction ‫کشش‬ Magnetism
Recongnize ‫پہچاننا‬ Acknowledge
Electrostatic force ‫الیکٹروسٹیٹک قوت‬ Electric force
Unreactive stable ‫غیر رد عمل مستحکم‬ Unchanging
Achieve ‫حاصل کرنا‬ Accomplish
Inner shell ‫اندرونی خول‬ Inner orbit
Outer shell ‫بیرونی خول‬ Outer orbit
Electronic structure ‫الیکٹرانک ڈھانچہ‬ Electronic arrangement
Resulting ‫نتیجہ خیز‬ Consequent
Reactivity ‫رد عمل‬ Responsiveness
Considerably ‫کافی حد تک‬ Significantly

Step no: 4

Questions/Answer

Qno1: What is a chemical bond? Give an example.

Ans: A chemical bond is a force of attraction that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound. For example, the
hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms in a water molecule (H₂O) are held together by covalent bonds.

Qno2: Why do atoms form chemical bonds? Provide an example.

Ans: Atoms form chemical bonds to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually by filling their outermost electron
shell. For example, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond in sodium chloride (NaCl) to achieve stability.

Qno3: What is an ionic bond? Give an example.

 Leads schooL system 200+campuses
A Project of Lahore Leads University

Ans: An ionic bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in the attraction between
positively and negatively charged ions. For example, in sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium donates an electron to chlorine,
forming an ionic bond.

Qno4: What is a covalent bond? Provide an example.

Ans: A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. For example, in a water molecule
(H₂O), each hydrogen atom shares electrons with the oxygen atom, forming covalent bonds.

Qno5: What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? Give examples of each.

Ans: Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions (e.g., NaCl).
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms (e.g., H₂O).

Qno6: Can elements form more than one type of bond? Give an example.

Ans: Yes, elements can form more than one type of bond. For example, carbon can form covalent bonds with other
carbon atoms in a diamond, and it can also form covalent bonds with hydrogen in methane (CH₄).

Step no: 5

Long Question

Qno1: Explain the formation of ionic bonds with an example. Why are ionic bonds important in compounds?

Ans: An ionic bond is formed when one atom donates electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively
and negatively charged ions. These oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other, creating a strong bond.

2Na + Cl 2 2 NaCl

Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

• Sodium (Na) has one electron in its outermost shell and needs to lose this electron to achieve a stable
configuration.
• Chlorine (Cl) has seven electrons in its outermost shell and needs one more electron to complete its shell and
achieve stability.
• Sodium donates its outer electron to chlorine. As a result, sodium becomes a positively charged ion (Na⁺), and
chlorine becomes a negatively charged ion (Cl⁻).
• The opposite charges of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ attract each other, forming an ionic bond.

Na+ + Cl – NaCl
 Leads schooL system 200+campuses
A Project of Lahore Leads University

Importance of Ionic Bonds in Compounds:

• Ionic bonds are strong, leading to the formation of solid crystals like table salt.
• Compounds with ionic bonds, such as NaCl, often have high melting and boiling points.
• Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water, making them useful in various applications like
batteries and electrolytes.

Qno1: Define Covalent bond and explain the types of covalent bond with exanples?

Ans: The covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms. The electrons that pair up to form
a chemical bond are called 'bond pair' electrons. Depending upon the number of bond pairs, covalent bond is classified
into following three types:

➢ Single Covalent bond

When one electron is contributed by each bonded atom, one bond pair is formed and it forms a single covalent bond.

➢ Double Covalent bond

When each bonded atom contributes two electrons, two bond pairs are shared and a double covalent bond is formed.
These bond pairs are indicated as double line between those atoms in the structure of such molecules.

➢ Triple Covalent Bond

When each bonded atom contributes three electrons, three bond pairs are involved in bond formation. This type is called
triple covalent bond.

Qno3: Difference Between covalent bond and ionic bond?

Ans:

Covalent Bond Ionic Bond

➢ A covalent bond is formed between two similar ➢ This type of bond is formed between a metal and
electronegative non-metals. non-metal.
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➢ Bonds formed from covalent bonding have a ➢ Ionic bonds have no definite shape.
definite shape.
➢ Low melting point and boiling point. ➢ High melting point and boiling point.

➢ Low polarity and more flammable ➢ High polarity and less flammable

➢ Covalent bonds are in a liquid or gaseous state at ➢ At room temperature, ionic bonds have a solid
room temperature. state.

➢ Examples: Methane, Hydrochloric acid ➢ Examples: Sodium chloride, Sulfuric Acid

Step no: 6

Words/sentences
Words Sentences
Achieve Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to achieve full
outer shells.
Transfer Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons between metals and
non-metals.
Shared electron In a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons are more attracted to
one atom.
Metallic bond Metallic bonds involve a sea of electrons that move freely among metal
atoms
Strength The strength of a chemical bond depends on the number of shared
electron pairs

Step no: 7 Fill the blanks

1. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons.

2. In an ionic bond, one atom loses electrons while the other atom gains electrons.
3. Atoms in a molecule are held together by chemical bonds.
4. The force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic bond is called electrostatic
force.
5. In a covalent bond, atoms achieve a stable electron configuration by sharing electrons.
 Leads schooL system 200+campuses
A Project of Lahore Leads University

Step no: 8

1. Draw a Structure of Sodium Chloride NaCl on chart paper.