Lab 2

Lab 2
[Due: your class day of May 27/23/24 ]

Note: in all the lab questions, please include the screen shots as evidence of your solutions.
You can take one screen shot for multiple questions but need reference to that screen shot.
1. Command dig is used to find the ip address of a hostname such as www.google.com. To do

this, you can simply run dig www.google.com. You might see the following result.
This is the result returned by your local DNS server when you run dig command to request it to
find out the ip address of www.google.com. Question section is to repeat your question and A
stands for the record of IP address. We can see that www.google.com has an ip address
172.217.1.164.
a. Try $ dig www.example.net to find out its ip address.
b. run Wireshark on your VM, then $ dig www.example.net and stop wireshark. Look at the
DNS request packet (using filter DNS to find it easily), confirm that the transport layer protocol
is UDP. What are the values of this UDP header (you need to first check the header fields
learned in class)?
Note: You might need to clear the DNS cache, using $ sudo systemd-resolve - - flush-caches
c. In the DNS request packet in step b, the destination IP is your local DNS server’s IP. What is
this value? As said, DNS is serviced by UDP and has no connection setup before sending DNS
request. You can confirm this by checking that there is no any packet in Wireshark exchanged
between your VM and local DNS server, prior to the DNS request packet (show the screen shot
of the window of Wireshark for the list of packets).
2. Run Wireshark and then access www.example.net using Firefox (you might need to clear the
browser history). Then stop the Wireshark. Check your list of packets in Wireshark window,
filtered by the ip address of www.example.net. You can see that before the HTTP request to
www.example.net, there is a connection stage with three packets: SYN packet, SYN-ACK
packet and ACK packet. This is to provide the connection setup between your VM and
www.example.net. Confirm this. Also, confirm that the transport layer protocol in these
packets (check one of them is good enough) is TCP. When the message exchange starts, you can
see ACK packet. This is to confirm the receipt of a packet. Find out such a packet. This is to find
a packet with flags bit A=1. This provides an evidence that TCP is a reliable protocol. This is
different from the UDP protocol. ACK packet might or might not contain the application data.
Verify the ACK packet you consider (any of them is ok) to see if it contains application data.
3. Run Wireshark and access www.example.net and then close your webpage and stop your
Wireshark. Answer the following questions.
a. Find out the first packet from your VM to www.example.net (you should know the ip
address of www.examplenet now). This should be the SYN-packet (i.e., the first packet of the 3-
way handshake protocol). What is source port # and destination port #? Confirm that they are
in the TCP header in the Wireshark packet window. What is source IP and destination IP?
Confirm that they are in the ip header in the Wireshark packet window.
b. Look at SYN-packet. What is the sequence #? It is a random number. Confirm this.
c. Find out in the TCP header the flag bits U|A|P|R|S|F in the SYN-ACK packet.
d. The receive window field is to tell its partner the current receive-buffer size it has. Find out
the window size of SYN-ACK packet and that of http response packet. Are they equal?
e. Find out the sequence # of http request packet and its payload size (the segment len is the
payload size). The next sequence # is the sum of these two numbers. Verify that this is indeed
the sequence # of the next packet sent by your VM.
f. Find out the acknowledgement # in http response packet. Is this the same as the next
sequence # you calculated above for the request packet? Explain why?
g. What is the flags bits U|A|P|R|S|F in the http response packet?
h. Find out the packet your VM requests to terminate the TCP connection. This packet will be
sent when you close the webpage. What is the flags bit U|A|P|R|S|F in this packet?
4. (this problem due with Lab 3)
Write a Python TCP server program that will accept an unlimited number of connections, one at a time,
just as in the sample program in the lecture. Upon receiving a TCP connection request, it should reply
with the client’s IP address and port number. Then, it waits for commands from the client. Valid
commands are “TIME”, and “EXIT”. To the TIME command, the server should return the current time
(see the example below how to obtain a time string). To an invalid command (.e.g, HELLO), it returns
string “Invalid command!”. If the client closes the connection or does not send a command in 15
seconds (see below how to set a timeout for a socket), the server closes the current connection and
waits for another connection. To the EXIT command, your server closes all open sockets (including the
welcome socket).
A sample client program is attached to the assignment. You can use it to test your server. You can modify
the client with your own sequence of commands.
Submission requirement:
• Your server program

• The sequence of commands from the client sides (no need to include your modified client program)
• Screen shot on the running result at the client side (which should include the printout of all the
server messages).
• Screen shot on the packet list (no packet details required) between client and server. If you run
client server on the same VM, you may need to run Wireshark on the loopback interface.
• All the above are put in a single assignment solution file.
Example of obtaining a time string

Here is an interactive Python session showing how to come up with a string
containing the current time of day using the time.ctime() method from the time module.
>>> Import time
>>> now=time.ctime()
>>> now
'Tue jan 10 13:29:47 2023'
>>
Set a timeout for a socket

This example shows how to set a timeout on a socket used to accept incoming
connections and how to detect a timeout events as an exception.
import socket
ss = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
ss.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
#Note: SO_REUSEADDR will avoid port number re-use conflict when you
#start the TCP socket program several times in a short time.
ss.bind(('', 4000))
ss.listen(1)
while True:
print "waiting for connection"
new,addr = ss.accept()
new.settimeout(10)
msg = 'init'
while len(msg): #when you close client socket, len(msg)=0.
try:
msg = new.recv(30)
except socket.timeout:
print "got timeout"
break
print msg
new.close()
ss.close()

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Lab 2

[Due: your class day of May 27/23/24 ]

1. Command dig is used to find the ip address of a hostname such as www.google.com. To do

• Your server program

Example of obtaining a time string

Set a timeout for a socket

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