Prepared by

Coby Harmon
University of California, Santa Barbara
Westmont College

4-1

4 Completing the
Accounting Cycle
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
[1] Prepare a worksheet.
[2] Explain the process of closing the books.
[3] Describe the content and purpose of a post-closing trial balance.
[4] State the required steps in the accounting cycle.
[5] Explain the approaches to preparing correcting entries.
[6] Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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 Preview of Chapter 4

Accounting Principles
Eleventh Edition
Weygandt Kimmel Kieso
4-3

Using a Worksheet

Steps in Preparing a Worksheet

 Multiple-column form used in preparing financial
statements.

 Not a permanent accounting record.

 Five step process.

 Use of worksheet is optional.

4-4 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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 Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
Illustration 4-1

4-5 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

Steps in Preparing a Worksheet

1. Prepare a Trial Balance on the Worksheet Illustration 4-2
Adjusted Income
Trial Balance Adjustments Trial Balance Statement Balance Sheet
Account Titles Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.
Cash 15,200
Supplies 2,500
Prepaid Insurance 600
Office Equipment 5,000
Notes Payable 5,000
Accounts Payable 2,500
Unearned Revenue 1,200
Owner's Capital 10,000
Owner's Drawing 500
Service Revenue 10,000

Salaries Expense 4,000

Rent Expense 900
Totals 28,700 28,700

Trial balance amounts come

directly from ledger accounts.
Include all accounts
with balances.

4-6 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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 Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
Illustration 3-23
General journal
showing adjusting
entries

Adjusting
Journal
Entries
(Chapter 3)

4-7
LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

Steps in Preparing a Worksheet

2. Enter the Adjustments in the Adjustments Columns
Adjusted Income
Trial Balance Adjustments Trial Balance Statement Balance Sheet
Account Titles Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.
Cash 15,200
Supplies 2,500 (a) 1,500
Prepaid Insurance 600 (b) 50
Office Equipment 5,000 Adjustments Key:
Notes Payable 5,000 (a) Supplies Used.
Accounts Payable 2,500
Unearned Revenue 1,200 (d) 400 (b) Insurance Expired.
Owner's Capital 10,000
Owner's Drawing 500
(c) Depreciation Expensed.
Service Revenue 10,000 (d) 400 (d) Service Revenue Earned.
(e) 200
Salaries Expense 4,000 (g) 1,200
(e) Service Revenue Accrued.
Rent Expense 900 (f) Interest Accrued.
Totals 28,700 28,700
Supplies Expense (a) 1,500 (g) Salaries Accrued.
Insurance Expense (b) 50
Accumulated Depreciation (c) 40
Depreciation Expense (c) 40
Accounts Receivable (e) 200
Interest Expense
(f)
50
Enter adjustment amounts, total
Interest Payable (f) 50 adjustments columns,
(g) 1,200
Salaries Payable and check for equality.
Totals 3,440 3,440

Add additional accounts as needed.

4-8 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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 Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
3. Complete the Adjusted Trial Balance Columns
Adjusted Income
Trial Balance Adjustments Trial Balance Statement Balance Sheet
Account Titles Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.
Cash 15,200 15,200
Supplies 2,500 (a) 1,500 1,000
Prepaid Insurance 600 (b) 50 550
Office Equipment 5,000 5,000
Notes Payable 5,000 5,000
Accounts Payable 2,500 2,500
Unearned Revenue 1,200 (d) 400 800
Owner's Capital 10,000 10,000
Owner's Drawing 500 500
Service Revenue 10,000 (d) 400 10,600
(e) 200
Salaries Expense 4,000 (g)1,200 5,200
Rent Expense 900 900
Totals 28,700 28,700
Supplies Expense (a) 1,500 1,500
Insurance Expense (b) 50 50
Accumulated Depreciation (c) 40 40
Depreciation Expense (c) 40 40
Accounts Receivable (e) 200 200
(f)
Interest Expense 50 50
Interest Payable (f) 50 50
Salaries Payable (g) 1,200 1,200
Totals 3,440 3,440 30,190 30,190

Total the adjusted trial balance

columns and check for equality.
4-9 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

Steps in Preparing a Worksheet

4. Extend Amounts to Financial Statement Columns
Adjusted Income
Trial Balance Adjustments Trial Balance Statement Balance Sheet
Account Titles Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.
Cash 15,200 15,200
Supplies 2,500 (a) 1,500 1,000
Prepaid Insurance 600 (b) 50 550
Office Equipment 5,000 5,000
Notes Payable 5,000 5,000
Accounts Payable 2,500 2,500
Unearned Revenue 1,200 (d) 400 800
Owner's Capital 10,000 10,000
Owner's Drawing 500 500
Service Revenue 10,000 (d) 400 10,600 10,600
(e) 200
Salaries Expense 4,000 (g) 1,200 5,200 5,200
Rent Expense 900 900 900
Totals 28,700 28,700
Supplies Expense (a) 1,500 1,500 1,500
Insurance Expense (b) 50 50 50
Accumulated Depreciation (c) 40 40
Depreciation Expense (c) 40 40 40
Accounts Receivable (e) 200 200
(f)
Interest Expense 50 50 50
Interest Payable (f) 50 50
Salaries Payable (g) 1,200 1,200
Totals 3,440 3,440 30,190 30,190 7,740 10,600

Extend all revenue and expense account

balances to the income statement columns.
4-10 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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 Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
5. Total Columns, Compute Net Income (Loss)
Adjusted Income
Trial Balance Adjustments Trial Balance Statement Balance Sheet
Account Titles Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.
Cash 15,200 15,200 15,200
Supplies 2,500 (a) 1,500 1,000 1,000
Prepaid Insurance 600 (b) 50 550 550
Office Equipment 5,000 5,000 5,000
Notes Payable 5,000 5,000 5,000
Accounts Payable 2,500 2,500 2,500
Unearned Revenue 1,200 (d) 400 800 800
Owner's Capital 10,000 10,000 10,000
Owner's Drawing 500 500 500
Service Revenue 10,000 (d) 400 10,600 10,600
(e) 200
Salaries Expense 4,000 (g)1,200 5,200 5,200
Rent Expense 900 900 900
Totals 28,700 28,700
Supplies Expense (a) 1,500 1,500 1,500
Insurance Expense (b) 50 50 50
Accumulated Depreciation (c) 40 40 40
Depreciation Expense (c) 40 40 40
Accounts Receivable (e) 200 200 200
(f)
Interest Expense 50 50 50
Interest Payable (f) 50 50 50
Salaries Payable (g) 1,200 1,200 1,200
Totals 3,440 3,440 30,190 30,190 7,740 10,600 22,450 19,590
Net Income 2,860 2,860
Totals 10,600 10,600 22,450 22,450
Compute Net Income or Net Loss.
4-11 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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Steps in Preparing a Worksheet

Review Question
Net income is shown on a worksheet in the:

a. income statement debit column only.

b. balance sheet debit column only.

c. income statement credit column and balance sheet

debit column.

d. income statement debit column and balance sheet

credit column.

4-12 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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 Using a Worksheet

Preparing Statements from a Worksheet

 Income statement is prepared from the income
statement columns.

 Balance sheet and owner’s equity statement are

prepared from the balance sheet columns.

 Companies journalize and post adjusting entries.

4-13 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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Preparing Statements from a Worksheet

Illustration 4-4

4-14 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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 Preparing Statements from a Worksheet
Illustration 4-4

4-15 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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Preparing Statements from a Worksheet

Illustration 4-4

4-16 LO 1

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 Using a Worksheet

Preparing Adjusting Entries from a Worksheet

 Adjusting entries are prepared from the adjustments
columns of the worksheet.

 Journalizing and posting of adjusting entries follows the

preparation of financial statements when a worksheet is
used.

4-17 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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> DO IT!

Susan Elbe is preparing a worksheet. Explain to Susan how she

should extend the following adjusted trial balance accounts to the
financial statement columns of the worksheet.

Cash Balance sheet (debit column)

Accumulated Depreciation Balance Sheet (credit column)
Accounts Payable Balance Sheet (credit column)
Owner’s Drawings Balance sheet (debit column)
Service Revenue Income statement (credit column)
Salaries and Wages Expense Income statement (debit column)

4-18 LO 1 Prepare a worksheet.

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 Closing the Books

At the end of the accounting period, the company makes

the accounts ready for the next period.
Illustration 4-5

4-19 LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

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Closing the Books

Preparing Closing Entries

Closing entries formally recognize, in the general ledger, the
transfer of
 net income (or net loss) and
 owner’s drawing
to owner’s capital.

Closing entries are only made at the end of the annual

accounting period.

4-20 LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

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 Closing the Books

Note:
Owner’s Drawing is closed Illustration 4-6

directly to Capital and not to

Income Summary because
Owner’s Capital is a
Owner’s Drawing is not an permanent account; all
expense. other accounts are
temporary accounts.

4-21 LO 2 Explain the process of closing the books.

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Closing the Books

Closing
Entries
Illustrated

Illustration 4-7
Closing entries
journalized

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 Closing the Books

Posting
Closing
Entries

Illustration 4-8

4-23 LO 2

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Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance

Purpose is to prove the equality of the permanent account
balances after journalizing and posting of closing entries.

Illustration 4-9

4-24 LO 3

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 Summary of the Accounting Cycle
Illustration 4-12
1. Analyze business transactions

9. Prepare a post-closing 2. Journalize the

trial balance transactions

8. Journalize and post

3. Post to ledger accounts
closing entries

7. Prepare financial
4. Prepare a trial balance
statements

6. Prepare an adjusted trial 5. Journalize and post

balance adjusting entries

4-25 LO 4 State the required steps in the accounting cycle.

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Summary of the Accounting Cycle

Correcting Entries—An Avoidable Step

 Unnecessary if the records are error-free.

 Made whenever an error is discovered.

 Must be posted before closing entries.

Instead of preparing a correcting entry, it is possible to

reverse the incorrect entry and then prepare the correct entry.

4-26 LO 5 Explain the approaches to preparing correcting entries.

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 Correcting Entries—An Avoidable Step

Illustration (Case 1): On May 10, Mercato Co. journalized and posted
a $50 cash collection on account from a customer as a debit to Cash
$50 and a credit to Service Revenue $50. The company discovered the
error on May 20, when the customer paid the remaining balance in full.

Incorrect Cash 50
entry
Service Revenue 50
Correct Cash 50
entry
Accounts Receivable 50

Correcting Service Revenue 50

entry Accounts Receivable 50

4-27 LO 5 Explain the approaches to preparing correcting entries.

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Correcting Entries—An Avoidable Step

Illustration (Case 2): On May 18, Mercato purchased on account

equipment costing $450. The transaction was journalized and posted
as a debit to Equipment $45 and a credit to Accounts Payable $45. The
error was discovered on June 3,

Incorrect Equipment 45
entry
Accounts Payable 45
Correct Equipment 450
entry
Accounts Payable 450

Correcting Equipment 405

entry Accounts Payable 405

4-28 LO 5 Explain the approaches to preparing correcting entries.

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

 Presents a snapshot at a point in time.

 To improve understanding, companies group similar

assets and similar liabilities together.

Standard Classifications Illustration 4-17

Assets Liabilities and Owner’s Equity

Current assets Current liabilities
Long-term investments Long-term liabilities
Property, plant, and equipment Owner’s (Stockholders’) equity
Intangible assets

4-29 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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The Classified Balance Sheet

Illustration 4-18

4-30 LO 6

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 The Classified Balance Sheet
Illustration 4-18

4-31 LO 6

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The Classified Balance Sheet

Current Assets
 Assets that a company expects to convert to cash or
use up within one year or the operating cycle, whichever
is longer.

 Operating cycle is the average time it takes from the

purchase of inventory to the collection of cash from
customers.

4-32 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

Current Assets Illustration 4-19

Usually listed in the order they expect to convert them into cash.

4-33 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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The Classified Balance Sheet

Question
Cash, and other resources that are reasonably expected to
be realized in cash or sold or consumed in the business
within one year or the operating cycle, are called:

a. Current assets.

b. Intangible assets.

c. Long-term investments.

d. Property, plant, and equipment.

4-34 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

Long-Term Investments
 Investments in stocks and bonds of other companies.

 Investments in long-term assets such as land or buildings

that a company is not currently using in its operating
activities.
Illustration 4-20

4-35 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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The Classified Balance Sheet

Property, Plant, and Equipment

 Long useful lives.

 Currently used in operations.

 Depreciation - allocating the cost of assets to a number

of years.

 Accumulated depreciation - total amount of

depreciation expensed thus far in the asset’s life.

4-36 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Illustration 4-21

4-37 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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The Classified Balance Sheet

Intangible Assets
 Assets that do not have physical substance.

Illustration 4-22

4-38 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

Question
Patents and copyrights are

a. Current assets.

b. Intangible assets.

c. Long-term investments.

d. Property, plant, and equipment.

4-39 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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> DO IT!
Baxter Hoffman recently received the following information related to
Hoffman Company’s December 31, 2014, balance sheet.
Prepaid insurance $ 2,300 Inventory $3,400
Cash 800 Accumulated depreciation—
Equipment 2,700 Equipment 10,700
Accounts receivable 1,100
Prepare the asset section of Hoffman Company’s balance sheet.

4-40
LO 6

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

Current Liabilities
 Obligations company is to pay within the coming year or
its operating cycle, whichever is longer.

 Usually list notes payable first, followed by accounts

payable. Other items follow in order of magnitude.

 Liquidity - ability to pay obligations expected to be due

within the next year.

4-41 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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The Classified Balance Sheet

Current Liabilities
Illustration 4-23

4-42 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

Long-Term Liabilities
 Obligations a company expects to pay after one year.
Illustration 4-24

4-43 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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The Classified Balance Sheet

Question
Which of the following is not a long-term liability?

a. Bonds payable

b. Current maturities of long-term obligations

c. Long-term notes payable

d. Mortgages payable

4-44 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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 The Classified Balance Sheet

Owner’s Equity
 Proprietorship - one capital account.
 Partnership - capital account for each partner.
 Corporation - Capital Stock and Retained Earnings.

Illustration 4-25

4-45 LO 6 Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.

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