College Basketball: The 1899 University of Kansas Basketball Team, With James Naismith at The Back, Right

le to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use.
Dribbling was not part of the original game

except for the "bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually
introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls.[dubious – discuss] Dribbling was common by 1896, with a rule against the
double dribble by 1898.[16]
The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards. A further change was
soon made, so the ball merely passed through. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point.
Whichever team got the most points won the game.[17] The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of the playing
court, but this proved impractical when spectators in the balcony began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to
prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots. [18] Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his
granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a
children's game called duck on a rock, as many had failed before it.[19]
Frank Mahan, one of the players from the original first game, approached Naismith after the Christmas break, in early 1892, asking
him what he intended to call his new game. Naismith replied that he had not thought of it because he had been focused on just
getting the game started. Mahan suggested that it be called "Naismith ball", at which he laughed, saying that a name like that would
kill any game. Mahan then said, "Why not call it basketball?" Naismith replied, "We have a basket and a ball, and it seems to me
that would be a good name for it."[20][21] The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York, on January
20, 1892, with nine players. The game ended at 1–0; the shot was made from 25 feet (7.6 m), on a court just half the size of a
present-day Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court.
At the time, soccer was being played with 10 to a team (which was increased to 11). When winter weather got too icy to play soccer,
teams were taken indoors, and it was convenient to have them split in half and play basketball with five on each side. By 1897–98,
teams of five became standard.
College basketball
Main article: College basketball
The 1899 University of Kansas basketball team, with James

Naismith at the back, right
Basketball's early adherents were dispatched to YMCAs throughout the United States, and it quickly spread through the United
States and Canada. By 1895, it was well established at several women's high schools. While YMCA was responsible for initially
developing and spreading the game, within a decade it discouraged the new sport, as rough play and rowdy crowds began to
detract from YMCA's primary mission. However, other amateur sports clubs, colleges, and professional clubs quickly filled the void.
In the years before World War I, the Amateur Athletic Union and the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United
States (forerunner of the NCAA) vied for control over the rules for the game. The first pro league, the National Basketball League,
was formed in 1898 to protect players from exploitation and to promote a less rough game. This league only lasted five years.
James Naismith was instrumental in establishing college basketball. His colleague C. O. Beamis fielded the first college basketball
team just a year after the Springfield YMCA game at the suburban Pittsburgh Geneva College.[22] Naismith himself later coached at
the University of Kansas for six years, before handing the reins to renowned coach Forrest "Phog" Allen. Naismith's disciple Amos
Alonzo Stagg brought basketball to the University of Chicago, while Adolph Rupp, a student of Naismith's at Kansas, enjoyed great
success as coach at the University of Kentucky. On February 9, 1895, the first intercollegiate 5-on-5 game was played at Hamline
University between Hamline and the School of Agriculture, which was affiliated with the University of Minnesota.[23][24][25] The School of
Agriculture won in a 9–3 game.
In 1901, colleges, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, the University of
Minnesota, the U.S. Naval Academy, the University of Colorado and Yale University began sponsoring men's games. In 1905,
frequent injuries on the football field prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to suggest that colleges form a governing body,
resulting in the creation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS). In 1910, that body changed its name
to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played
at YMCA in Kingston, Ontario on February 6, 1904, when McGill University – Naismith's alma mater – visited Queen's University.
McGill won 9–7 in overtime; the score was 7–7 at the end of regulation play, and a ten-minute overtime period settled the outcome.
A good turnout of spectators watched the game.[26]
The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball tournament, which still
exists as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) tournament, was organized in 1937. The first national
championship for NCAA teams, the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in New York, was organized in 1938; the NCAA national
tournament began one year later. College basketball was rocked by gambling scandals from 1948 to 1951, when dozens of players
from top teams were implicated in game-fixing and point shaving. Partially spurred by an association with cheating, the NIT lost
support to the NCAA tournament.
High school basketball

A basketball game between the Heart Mountain and Powell High School girls teams, Wyoming, March
1944 A photo taken during a high school basketball game in 2024.

Demonstrates the extreme disparities in terms of physical maturity that can be seen between opposing
players.
Before widespread school district consolidation, most American high schools were far smaller than their present-day counterparts.
During the first decades of the 20th century, basketball quickly became the ideal interscholastic sport due to its modest equipment
and personnel requirements. In the days before widespread television coverage of professional and college sports, the popularity
of high school basketball was unrivaled in many parts of America. Perhaps the most legendary of high school teams was
Indiana's Franklin Wonder Five, which took the nation by storm during the 1920s, dominating Indiana basketball and earning
national recognition.
Today virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team in varsity competition.[27] Basketball's popularity
remains high, both in rural areas where they carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some larger schools
known for their basketball teams where many players go on to participate at higher levels of competition after graduation. In the
2016–17 season, 980,673 boys and girls represented their schools in interscholastic basketball competition, according to
the National Federation of State High School Associations.[28] The states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky are particularly well known
for their residents' devotion to high school basketball, commonly called Hoosier Hysteria in Indiana; the critically acclaimed
film Hoosiers shows high school basketball's depth of meaning to these communities.
High School of Montreal Girls Junior Basketball team, 1915–1916
⁣There is currently no tournament to determine a national high school champion. The most

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le to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use.

Dribbling was not part of the original game

The 1899 University of Kansas basketball team, with James

High school basketball

1944 A photo taken during a high school basketball game in 2024.

High School of Montreal Girls Junior Basketball team, 1915–1916

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