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Deixis 1

Deixis 1

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lengochoang06102003
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16 views2 pages

Deixis 1

Deixis 1

Uploaded by

lengochoang06102003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Deixis

I.Definition of deixis
- A deictic expression or deixis is a word or phrase (such as this, that, these, those, now, then, here) that
points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is speaking.
-Deixis is expressed in English by way of personal pronouns, demonstratives, adverbs, and tense.
- The term's etymology comes from the Greek, meaning "pointing" or "show," and it's pronounced
"DIKE-tik."
II.The deictic
centre
-The deictic centre is the place, time or person from which everything else is relative.
-> In other words, we need to know who is speaking, when they are speaking and where they are speaking
-Influencing how we interpret language in context. By understanding deixis, we gain insight into the
intricacies of communication and the role of context in meaning-making.
For example:
 I gave it to him (the deictic centre is I – the person from which him can be understood)
 I went yesterday (the deictic centre is the time of speaking: now – without knowing
that, yesterday is meaningless)
 I will sit there (the deictic centre is the speaker's position – without knowing that, we have no
idea where there is)
III. TYPES of deixis
1. Personal deixis is a kind of word that address someone in conversation and it could be
contain of gender for third person.
here are three forms of personal deixis:
-Those directly involved – the speaker and the person / people addressed ( i/ me, we/ us)
I am leaving now
Can you help?
-Third parties not involved in the exchange but the subject of it ( you. Singular, you . pular)
She's sitting next to you.
-People mentioned in the exchange but not nearby or involved in it ( he/ him, she/ her, it,
they/them)
I wanted to be here earlier but they delayed me
2. Temporal deixis is be called time deixis, concerns the various times involved in and referred
to in an utterance. This includes time adverb like “ now”, “ then”, and “ soon”, as well as
different verbal tenses
Example:
-Tomorrow: which denotes the next consecutive day after any day it is used “ tomorrow” , when
spoken on a day last year, denoted a different day from “ tomorrow “ when spoken next week.
+ Tomorrow on a day last year. It means the years 2022, 2023 if the speaker say that word in 2024
+ tomorrow on next week. It means the day on next week such as next Monday, next Saturday
- Time adverbs can be relative
+ When an utterance is made ( what Fillmore calls the “ encoding time “ or ET”
+ When the utterance is heard ( Fillmore’s “ decoding time “ or DT”
Example : It is raining now, but I hope when you read this it will be sunny
Now” ET” : it refers to the moment the sentence is written
When “ DT”: it refers to the moment the sentence is read
3. Spatial deixis
- Spatial deixis can be called place deixis .
- The concept of distance mentioned of relative location of people and things is being
indicated.
- Contemporary English makes use of the adverbs for the basic distinction
+ Proximal is close to the speaker ( this/ these, here, beside you, near that, come, take)
+Distal is relatively distant from the speaker ( that/ those, go, bring, there)
4. Discourse deixis is deictic reference to a portion of a discourse relative to the speaker’s
current location in the discourse. Such as : above, below, last, previous, proceeding, next or
following ( usually used in texts) and this, that, there, next, last ( usually used in utterances)
Example: Binh Ba is a small island in Cam Binh, which is 60 km from Nha Trang city. It has
been so-called “Lobster Island”. There are many the freshest and most delicious Lobsters to the
whole Khanh Hoa province
 A word “ there, it” mean clearly to Binh ba is lobster island.

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