Top 20 Interview Questions On Java Multithreading

TOP 20 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ON JAVA
MULTITHREADING
1. What is Multithreading in Java?
Answer: Multithreading is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. It allows a

program to perform multiple operations at the same time, improving performance and
responsiveness.
2. How do you create a thread in Java?
Answer: A thread can be created by extending the Thread class and overriding the run()
method or by implementing the Runnable interface and passing it to a Thread object.
3. What is the difference between Thread and Runnable?
Answer: Thread is a class, while Runnable is an interface. When you extend Thread, you
cannot extend any other class, but by implementing Runnable, you can still extend other
classes.
4. What are the different states of a thread in Java?
Answer: The states of a thread are:
● New: When a thread is created but not yet started.

● Runnable: When a thread is ready to run and is waiting for CPU time.
● Blocked: When a thread is blocked waiting for a resource.
● Waiting: When a thread is waiting indefinitely for another thread to perform a specific
action.
● Timed Waiting: When a thread is waiting for a specified amount of time.
● Terminated: When a thread has finished execution.
5. What is the difference between sleep() and wait()?

Answer: sleep() pauses the current thread for a specified period of time without releasing any
locks. wait() causes the current thread to wait until another thread calls notify() or
notifyAll() on the same object, and it releases the lock.
6. How do you ensure thread safety in Java?
Answer: Thread safety can be ensured using synchronization, locks (like ReentrantLock),
atomic classes from java.util.concurrent.atomic, and thread-safe collections from
java.util.concurrent.
7. What is a synchronized block in Java?
Answer: A synchronized block restricts the access of a particular block of code to only one
thread at a time, ensuring that shared resources are accessed in a thread-safe manner.
8. What is the difference between synchronized method and

synchronized block?
Answer: A synchronized method locks the entire method for the current thread, whereas a
synchronized block locks only a specific portion of the code within the method, allowing more
granular control over synchronization.
9. What is a deadlock in Java?
Answer: A deadlock occurs when two or more threads are blocked forever, waiting for each
other to release a resource. It usually happens when two threads have a circular dependency
on resources.
10. How can you avoid deadlock in Java?
Answer: Deadlock can be avoided by following practices like avoiding nested locks, acquiring
locks in a consistent order, and using try-lock mechanisms like ReentrantLock.tryLock().
11. What is volatile keyword in Java?
Answer: The volatile keyword ensures that a variable's value is always read from the main
memory, rather than being cached in a thread's local memory. It guarantees visibility of changes
to variables across threads.
12. What is the difference between notify() and notifyAll()?
Answer: notify() wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the object's monitor, while
notifyAll() wakes up all the threads that are waiting on the object's monitor. The choice
between them depends on whether you want to notify one or all waiting threads.
13. What are the differences between Executor and ExecutorService?
Answer: Executor is a simple interface for launching tasks, whereas ExecutorService

extends Executor and provides additional methods to manage the lifecycle of tasks, including
shutdown and the ability to track the progress of tasks using Future.
14. What is a Callable interface in Java?
Answer: Callable is similar to Runnable, but it can return a result and throw a checked
exception. It is used with ExecutorService to execute tasks that return values.
15. What is a thread pool and why is it used?
Answer: A thread pool is a pool of worker threads that are reused to execute multiple tasks. It
improves performance by reducing the overhead of creating and destroying threads.
16. What is the Future interface in Java?
Answer: Future represents the result of an asynchronous computation. It provides methods to

check if the computation is complete, retrieve the result, and cancel the computation.
17. What is the difference between submit() and execute() in Java?
Answer: execute() is used to submit a task for execution without expecting any result, while
submit() can be used to submit a task and obtain a Future object representing the result of
the task.
18. What is ForkJoinPool in Java?
Answer: ForkJoinPool is a special implementation of the ExecutorService that uses a

work-stealing algorithm to efficiently manage tasks. It is used for parallel processing tasks,
particularly those that can be broken down into smaller subtasks.
19. What is the difference between concurrency and parallelism?
Answer: Concurrency is about managing multiple tasks at the same time, allowing them to
make progress independently. Parallelism involves executing multiple tasks simultaneously,
often on multiple processors or cores.
20. What is a race condition, and how do you prevent it?
Answer: A race condition occurs when the outcome of a program depends on the sequence or
timing of uncontrollable events, like the interleaving of thread execution. It can be prevented
using synchronization, locks, or atomic variables to ensure that shared resources are accessed
safely.

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TOP 20 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ON JAVA

Answer: Multithreading is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. It allows a

2. How do you create a thread in Java?

3. What is the difference between Thread and Runnable?

4. What are the different states of a thread in Java?

Answer: The states of a thread are:

● New: When a thread is created but not yet started.

5. What is the difference between sleep() and wait()?

6. How do you ensure thread safety in Java?

7. What is a synchronized block in Java?

8. What is the difference between synchronized method and

9. What is a deadlock in Java?

10. How can you avoid deadlock in Java?

12. What is the difference between notify() and notifyAll()?

13. What are the differences between Executor and ExecutorService?

Answer: Executor is a simple interface for launching tasks, whereas ExecutorService

14. What is a Callable interface in Java?

15. What is a thread pool and why is it used?

Answer: Future represents the result of an asynchronous computation. It provides methods to

17. What is the difference between submit() and execute() in Java?

18. What is ForkJoinPool in Java?

Answer: ForkJoinPool is a special implementation of the ExecutorService that uses a

19. What is the difference between concurrency and parallelism?

20. What is a race condition, and how do you prevent it?

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