06 Headway Advanced 5th Audioscrpts SB

Student’s Book Audioscript
1 What makes us human? B Well that’s because we got the poor waiter to take
our picture and everyone kept giving him their
1.1 The reunion
phone or camera. And by the time it got to mine,
B = Bridget M = Mark
well, we were all looking a bit glum.
M Hey, Bridget. Hey, how was your school reunion?
M It doesn’t sound like a great success, this reunion.
Wasn’t that last weekend?
B Oh, it was fine really. I mean, most people were
B Yeah, yeah … it was good. Well, it was OK – only
lovely, but … do you know the worst thing?
that I didn’t recognize quite a lot of the people and
M No, what?
…
B Well, when I got to the station to catch the train
M Well, it has been nearly 15 years.
home, who came gushing up to me on the
B Yeah, I know, and boy do some people change!
platform – ‘Oh, how lovely, we can travel back
You know, I’d find myself talking to someone who
together!’?
obviously knew who I was and I hadn’t a clue who
M Oh no, not Judith!
they were.
B You got it in one. And after I’d spent an age
M And I don’t suppose you could have asked.
saying a polite goodbye to her.
B No, how rude would that have been? Oh, but I did
recognize Judith. The dreaded, jolly Judith. She 1.2 Expressions with reflexives
hasn’t changed at all …unfortunately! I tried to 1 d He really fancies himself. He thinks all women
avoid her, but she sought me out. fall for his charm.
M So? 2 a Honestly, just listen to yourself. You never stop
B So, I’m like, ‘Hello Judith, how are you?’ Big moaning!
mistake, because then of course I get it from her – 3 c Don’t put yourself down. Believe in yourself.
every detail of the last 15 years – you know, her 4 b Look after yourself. You’ve been looking a bit
ups and downs, her two failed marriages – no peaky recently.
surprise there! – her fabulous third husband, the 5 e I could kick myself. I didn’t get her phone
operation on her sinuses, the time she was made number.
redundant, etc, etc. Yeah, go on, quiz me about 6 f Think for yourself. You don’t have to agree with
Judith! I could write her biography. everything he says.
M I bet you promised to keep in touch though. 7 h Please yourself! You never listen to my advice
B Well, you have to, don’t you? anyway.
M You hypocrite! 8 j Just be yourself. Don’t try to appear to be
B Ah, but I managed to get away before giving my something that you’re not.
email address or mobile number. 9 i Think of yourself sometimes. You’re always
M Oh, well done! putting others first.
B Hey, did you get the group photo I texted? 10 g Don’t flatter yourself! You didn’t win because
M Yeah, yeah, I did, but I could only identify you – you’re the best. Your opponent was rubbish!
oh, and Brendan – he looked good – tall,
handsome as ever, but a bit weary. You all looked
pretty fed up to be honest.
Headway 5th edition Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2019 Page 1 of 68

1.3 Expressions with reflexives 1.4 The Seven Ages of Man by William
Shakespeare
1 A You look fabulous in it. It’s perfect for you.
All the world’s a stage,
B I know, but look at the price!
And all the men and women merely players;
A Go on, treat yourself!
They have their exits and their entrances,
B Oh, but …
And one man in his time plays many parts,
A Don’t ‘but’ me. Tell yourself that you deserve
His acts being seven ages.
it.
At first, the infant,
B OK then. I’ll get it!
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms;
2 A You’ve got to get over it. Move on in your life!
Then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel
B I can’t. I think she’s starting to realize she’s
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
made a big mistake.
Unwillingly to school.
A Stop deluding yourself. It’s over.
And then the lover,
B I don’t know. Maybe I’ll just give her a call.
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
A Believe me. You’re only making a fool of
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow.
yourself.
Then a soldier,
3 A How’s it going?
Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard,
B It’s a challenge, a real challenge. I’m up
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
planning lessons until midnight most nights.
Seeking the bubble reputation
A You must be exhausted. You’re going to
Even in the cannon’s mouth.
have to learn to pace yourself or you’ll be ill.
And then the justice
B I can’t. I gave up the prospect of a good job
In fair round belly, with good capon lined,
in banking to do this and I don’t want to let
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,
myself or the kids down.
Full of wise saws, and modern instances;
A Yes, but it’s not worth killing yourself. You
And so he plays his part.
won’t be any use to anyone.
The sixth age shifts
4 A Why did you do it?
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon,
B Oh, believe me, I keep asking myself the
With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side;
same question.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
A You knew you’d never be able to pay it back.
For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,
Now you’ve got yourself into a right mess.
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
B I know, I know. And I’ve only got myself to
And whistles in his sound.
blame.
Last scene of all,
A What now?
That ends this strange eventful history,
B I suppose it’ll have to be the bank of mum ‘n’
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
dad!
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

4 I get called a nerd. If I’m honest, I do mind a bit,
1.5 How old are they?
but not too much. Most of my classmates seem to
1 When I’m asked what I do for a living, I often
take pride in being under-achievers. The thing is I
hesitate a moment before answering because I’m like good times, too – you know, clubbing and stuff
never sure how people will react these days. Some
– erm, parties, when I’m invited. But there’s
just think we’re fat cats who make fast, easy something I really want to aim for. You see, I’ve
money like gamblers. But it’s not like that. I work
had a weekend job for the last couple of years. I’ve
really hard and there’s a lot of risk involved, so it’s been working at Specsavers – just helping out and
really stressful. I get the 7.05 every morning – and
stuff – but it’s fascinating, it’s really the highlight of
I often don’t get back till after ten at night, and my week. And so now I’ve decided I’d like to be an
that’s not because I’m hanging out with the guys in
optometrist. Does that sound dull? My friends think
a bar somewhere – oh no – I never get to put the so, but I’m dead keen and I’ve got a place at
kids to bed. I’ve faced redundancy loads of times,
Manchester University to study optometry if I get
but I’ve been lucky so far. We have a huge three As. I’m determined to do it. Everyone else
mortgage, so we both have to work, but at least my hasn’t a clue what they want to do, so maybe I’m
wife has a job-share – she’s a lawyer. the lucky one.
2 I don’t like sleepovers. Everyone else does, but I
just start to feel really sad at bedtime without my 1.6 We all get emotional!
mum and dad there and all my friends make fun of 1 I’m absolutely gutted. They were winning 2–0 at
me. I don’t mind playdates after school or half-time and then they went on to lose 3–2!
something. Freddie was at mine today and we 2 You mean the world to me. More than words could
played Wii sports until Mum threw us outside into ever say.
the garden. ‘Stop squabbling,’ she said, ‘Go get 3 Wow! I’m completely blown away! I’ve never had
some fresh air and play football for real!’ But I did such an expensive present.
beat Freddie at the Wii, whatever he said. He’s just 4 I’ll have to consult my diary. Life’s just so hectic at
a bad loser. Oh, it was freezing outside. the moment – I’m always so much in demand.
3 The one I was in closed down. They were lovely 5 You can tell me. I’m dying to know. I won’t breathe
there. And I had a door in my room that opened a word to anyone.
onto the garden. I’d go out on a nice day and walk, 6 I totally lost it with that poor guy, but it was the
with my frame of course, to a bench under a sixth call today. How do they get our numbers?
laburnum tree. I don’t even have a nice view from 7 Oh yeah!? So you run the company now after just
my room here and the door’s so narrow I can’t get a week in the job!? Pull the other one!
my frame through it easily. I asked for new 8 Thank God you’re here! When we couldn’t get
batteries for my hearing aid and I’m still waiting – through to you, we thought you’d had an accident.
they don’t have the staff, you see. I stay in my 9 He came in the top 2% in the country, so his father
room a lot. I don’t like sitting in the lounge with the and I are thrilled to bits.
telly on all the time and people sitting around, 10 It was nothing, really, nothing. Anybody would
falling asleep and snoring. I still have a good brain, have done the same.
you see – some of them out there are away with 11 Well, I think you did very well to come third. Keep
the fairies. up the good work and you’ll win next time.

12 Oh, come on now, don’t make such a fuss. You’ll any drama groups at university.
be fine. It’s only a graze. Hardly bleeding at all. Outside of school, I have a strong interest in film and
13 I’m out of here right now! I don’t like the look of that theatre. I have seen numerous interesting plays,
lot on the corner. including The 39 Steps and War Horse, and I follow
14 What d’you mean I’m a couch potato?! I go to the the blog of respected film critic Mark Kermode, which
gym twice a week. has given me an insight into the film industry. I would
15 Could you not keep getting at me in front of our really like to combine my interest in film and theatre
friends? It looks so awful. with my study of English.
Alongside my studies, I feel I could contribute a great
1.7 Look at that!
deal to university life generally. I am a keen
Oh, look at that! sportsman and I have represented my school in
football, cricket, basketball, and athletics. Playing in
1.8 Writing: A personal profile - Jack Devoy aged
18 numerous sports teams has taught me the
I am currently a student at Hamsworth School, importance of good teamwork and strong leadership.
Birmingham, studying English literature, I would love to continue playing a variety of sports at
economics, and history. I am a diligent and university.
conscientious student, and have attained Grade Looking ahead, I would really like to go into a career
As in all my subjects in recent exams. I also try in the media, either in television and film, or
to give my utmost to other aspects of school life. I am journalism. As I have mentioned, I tend to have a
a School Prefect and have acted as a guide at strong view on most texts I read, so could envisage
numerous school open evenings. myself becoming a literary or film critic. I know that a
Literature has always played an important role in my degree in English literature would be the springboard
life. I feel lucky to have been brought up in a family to success in these fields.
with a passion for books. I enjoy reading books from
a wide range of genres, from Shakespearean
comedies such as The Taming of the Shrew, to
historical investigations such as Douglas A.
2 In so many words
Blackmon’s Slavery by Another Name. I particularly 2.1 George Bernard Shaw – The correct facts
enjoy combining my interest in history with my love of George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) was an Anglo-
literature and so have read many historical books – a Irish playwright. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature
particular favourite being E.H. Gombrich’s A Little in 1925. Shaw’s instincts were to refuse this honour,
History of the World. I often have strong views on any but his wife persuaded him to accept it as a tribute to
text I read and this helps me when I come to analyse Ireland. He also won a Hollywood Oscar in 1939 for
them for my studies. the film version of his play Pygmalion. He is the only
In addition to my love of reading, I really enjoy drama writer to win both awards. He wrote over 60 plays,
and acting. This year, in my role as Prefect, I ran the but Pygmalion is probably his most famous work
inter-house drama competition, where I directed because, in 1956, after his death, it was adapted into
younger students in a short comedy play, Melons at the highly successful musical for stage and screen,
the Parsonage. I look forward to getting involved in

H Why, this is the girl I jotted down last night.

My Fair Lady. He died, aged 94, after falling off a
She’s no use. Be off with you. I don’t want you.
ladder.
E Don’t you be so saucy! You ain’t heard what I
2.2 Pygmalion: Act II Scene 1 come for yet. Oh, we are proud! He ain’t above
H = Higgins P = Pickering MP = Mrs Pearce giving lessons, not him: I heard him say so.
E = Eliza Well, I ain’t come here to ask for any
H Well, I think that’s the whole show. compliment; and if my money’s not good
P It’s really amazing. I haven’t taken half of it in, enough, I can go elsewhere. I’m come to have
you know. lessons, I am. And to pay for ’em, too: make no
H Would you like to go over any of it again? mistake.
P No, thank you; not now. H WELL!
H Tired of listening to sounds? P What is it you want, my girl?
P Yes, it’s a fearful strain. I rather fancied myself E I want to be a lady in a flower shop, but they
because I can pronounce 24 distinct vowel won’t take me unless I can talk more genteel. He
sounds; but your 130 beat me. I can’t hear a bit said he could teach me. Well, here I am ready to
of difference between most of them. pay him – not asking any favour – and he treats
H Oh that comes with practice. me as if I was dirt.
[Mrs Pearce enters.] H What’s your name?
What’s the matter? E Eliza Doolittle.
MP A young woman wants to see you, sir. H How much do you propose to pay me for the
H A young woman! What does she want? lessons?
MP Well, sir, she says you’ll be glad to see her when E Oh, I know what’s right. A lady friend of mine
you know what she’s come about. She’s quite a gets French lessons for 18 pence an hour from a
common girl, sir. Very common indeed. I should real French gentleman. Well, you wouldn’t have
have sent her away, only I thought perhaps you the face to ask me the same for teaching me my
wanted her to talk into your machines. own language as you would for French; so I
H Oh, that’s all right, Mrs Pearce. Has she an won’t give more than a shilling. Take it or leave
interesting accent? it.
MP Oh, something dreadful, sir, really, I don’t know H It’s almost irresistible. She’s so deliciously low –
how you can take an interest in it. so horribly dirty.
H Let’s have her up. Show her up, Mrs Pearce. E Ah-ah-ah-ah-ow-ow-ooo! I ain’t dirty: I washed
MP Very well, sir. It’s not for me to say. my face and hands afore I come, I did.
H This is rather a bit of luck. [to Pickering] I’ll show P You’re certainly not going to turn her head with
you how I make records. We’ll set her talking flattery, Higgins.
and then we’ll get her onto the phonograph so H I shall make a duchess of this draggletailed
that you can turn her on as often as you like with guttersnipe.
the written transcript before you. E Ah-ah-ah-ah-ow-ow-ooo!
MP This is the young woman, sir.

H Yes, in six months – in three if she has a good H Well, if you can hear that difference, what the
ear and a quick tongue – I’ll take her anywhere devil are you crying for? Pickering, give her a
and pass her off as anything. We’ll start today: chocolate.
now! This moment! Take her away and clean P No, no. Never mind crying a little, Miss Doolittle,
her, Mrs Pearce. you are doing very well; and the lessons won’t
hurt. I promise you I won’t let him drag you round
2.3 Pygmalion: Act II Scene 2
the room by your hair.
H = Higgins E = Eliza P = Pickering
H Be off with you to Mrs Pearce and tell her about it.
H Say your alphabet.
Think about it. Try to do it by yourself: and keep
E I know my alphabet. Do you think I know nothing?
your tongue well forward in your mouth instead of
I don’t need to be taught like a child. trying to roll it up and swallow it. Another lesson at
H Say your alphabet!
half past four this afternoon. Away with you.
P Say it, Miss Doolittle. You will understand
presently. Do what he tells you; and let him teach 2.4 Act III Scene 1 Mrs Higgins’ drawing room
you in his own way. E = Eliza MH = Mrs Higgins P = Pickering
E Oh well, if you put it like that – Ahyee, beyee, MEH = Mrs Eynsford-Hill C = Clara F = Freddy
ceyee, deyee – H = Higgins
H Stop! Listen to this, Pickering. This is what we pay E How do you do, Mrs Higgins? Mr Higgins told
for as elementary education. This unfortunate me I might come.
animal has been locked up for nine years in MH Quite right: I’m very glad indeed to see you.
school at our expense to teach her to speak and P How do you do, Miss Doolittle?
read the language of Shakespeare and Milton. E Colonel Pickering, is it not?
And the result is Ahyee, beyee, ceyee, deyee. MEH I feel sure we have met before, Miss
Say ‘A, B, C, D’. Doolittle. I remember your eyes.
E But I’m saying it. ‘Ahyee, beyee, ceyee –.’ E How do you do?
H Stop! Say ‘a cup of tea’. MEH My daughter Clara.
E A cappete-ee. E How do you do?
H Put your tongue forward until it squeezes against C How do you do?
the top of your lower teeth. Now say ‘cup’. F I’ve certainly had the pleasure.
E C-c-c – I can’t. … C-Cup. MEH My son Freddy.
P Good. Splendid, Miss Doolittle. E How do you do?
H By Jupiter, she’s done it at the first shot. MH Will it rain, do you think?
Pickering, we shall make a duchess of her. Now E The shallow depression in the west of these
do you think you could possibly say ‘tea’? Not ‘te- islands is likely to move slowly in an easterly
yee,’ mind: if you ever say ‘beyee, ceyee, deyee’ direction. There are no indications of any
again you shall be dragged around the room three great change in the barometrical situation.
times by the hair of your head. T, T, T, T. F Ha! Ha! How awfully funny!
E I can’t hear no difference ’cept that it sounds more E What is wrong with that, young man? I bet I
genteel-like when you say it. got it right.
F Killing!

my mother used to give him four pence and
MEH I’m sure I hope it won’t turn cold. There’s so tell him to go out and not come back until
much influenza about. It runs right through he’d drunk himself cheerful and loving-like.
our whole family regularly every spring. There’s lots of women has to make their
E My aunt died of influenza: so they said. But husbands drunk to make them fit to live with.
it’s my belief they done the old woman in. Here! What are you sniggering at?
MH Done her in? F The new small talk. You do it so awfully well.
E Y-e-e-e-es, Lord love you! Why should she E Have I said anything I oughtn’t?
die of influenza? She come through MH Not at all, Miss Doolittle.
diphtheria right enough the year before. I E Well, that’s a mercy, anyhow. What I always
saw her with my own eyes. Fairly blue with it, say …
she was. They all thought she was dead; but H Ahem!
my father he kept ladling gin down her throat E Well, I must go. So pleased to have met you.
’til she came to so sudden that she bit the Goodbye.
bowl off the spoon. MH Goodbye.
MEH Dear me! E Goodbye, Colonel Pickering.
E What call would a woman with that strength P Goodbye, Miss Doolittle.
in her have to die of influenza? What become E Goodbye, all.
of her new straw hat that should have come F Are you walking across the Park,
to me? Somebody pinched it; and what I say Miss Doolittle? If so …
is, them as pinched it done her in. E Walk! Not bloody likely. I’m going in a taxi.
MEH What does doing her in mean?
2.5 Adverb collocations
H Oh, that’s the new small talk. To do a person
1 Poor Eliza was shabbily dressed in a tatty old
in means to kill them.
MEH You surely don’t believe that your aunt was coat and hat.
2 The return of the actor Daniel Craig to the
killed?
E Do I not! Them she lived with would have London stage is eagerly awaited.
3 She was bitterly disappointed when she didn’t
killed her for a hat-pin, let alone a hat.
MEH But it can’t have been right for your father to get the part.
4 I work with a highly-motivated sales team. We all
pour spirits down her throat like that. It might
have killed her. work hard.
Not her. Gin was mother’s milk to her. 5 It’s virtually impossible to get seats for the match
E
Besides, he’d poured so much down his own with Chelsea.
6 I desperately need a holiday. I haven’t had a
throat that he knew the good of it.
MEH Do you mean that he drank? break for three years.
E Drank! My word! Something chronic. 7 Bad weather has severely affected the roads
MEH How dreadful for you! this weekend. Driving conditions are
E Not a bit. It never did him no harm what I treacherous.

8 Don’t you get it? It’s blindingly obvious that he’s
could see. And always more agreeable when
he had a drop in. When he was out of work, in love with you.

9 I hate this cold climate. I’m sorely tempted to 6 A How come you turned him down?
emigrate. B Where do I begin? First off – he smokes
10 I distinctly remember telling you not to phone me revolting, fat, smelly, Havana cigars. Need I
after ten o’clock. say more?
11 Two people survived the crash with serious 7 A I’ve never heard of Philippa Gregory.
injuries, but unfortunately one man was fatally B Really! She’s just written a great, new,
injured. historical novel and loads of her stuff is
12 I’ve made my views on the subject of politicians adapted for TV.
perfectly clear. I don’t trust any of them. A I guess historical novels just aren’t my kind of
thing.
2.6 Adjective order
8 A Did you go round to meet the new
1 A You must have some breakfast. You’ll be
neighbours?
starving by lunchtime. B I did. They’re settling in well. They’ve just
B I have had breakfast! I had some delicious,
bought an amazing, massive, HD TV. It
brown, wholemeal bread with honey. almost fills one wall and it turns itself on
2 A There’s been a break-in at the National
when you speak to it.
Gallery. A What? How on earth does it do that?
B Did they get much?
A I don’t think so. It just says here, ‘Thieves 2.7 Jemima J. by Jane Green
stole a priceless, 19th-century, Impressionist Chapter 1
painting’ – but it doesn’t say which one.
God, I wish I were thin. I wish I were thin, gorgeous,
3 A Whoah! Did you see what happened to
and could get any man I want. You probably think I’m
Camilla?
crazy, I mean here I am, sitting at work on my own
B No, I didn’t. What happened to dear Camilla?
with a massive double-decker club sandwich in front
A Well, she was wearing some divine, white,
of me, but I’m allowed to dream, aren’t I? Half an
cropped, designer jeans and the waiter
hour to go of my lunch break. I finish my sandwich
spilled red wine all over them. She was
and look furtively around the office to see whether
absolutely livid!
anyone is looking. It’s okay, the coast is clear, so I
B I bet.
can pull open my top drawer and sneak out the slab
4 A Don’t you think it’s time we got a new car?
of chocolate.
This one’s clapped out.
Another day in my humdrum life, but it shouldn’t be
B Listen! I like my little, old, second-hand Mini
humdrum. I’m a journalist, for God’s sake. Surely
and it’s not clapped out – yet!
that’s a glamorous existence. I love the English
5 A You look wet and cold.
language, playing with words, but sadly my talents
B Well, we went on an exhausting, six-mile,
are wasted here at the Kilburn Herald. I hate this job.
coastal walk in the rain. Worth it, though –
When I meet new people and they ask what I do for a
the views were stunning.
living, I hold my head up high and say, ‘I’m a
A Hmm! My idea of hell.
journalist’. I then try to change the subject, for the
inevitable question after that is, ‘Who do you work

5 A I’ve got the latest Apple iPad Air. It’s the last
for?’ I hang my head low, mumble the Kilburn Herald,
word in tablets. I love it.
and confess that I do the Top Tips column. Every
B Huh, lucky you! You always have the latest
week I’m flooded with mail from sad and lonely
thing.
people in Kilburn with nothing better to do than write
6 A No, I don’t want anything for it. I don’t need
in with questions like, ‘What’s the best way to bleach
two computers. You can have it.
a white marbled lino floor?’ and ‘I have a pair of silver
B That’s so kind of you. I’m lost for words. I
candlesticks. The silver is now tarnished, any
can’t thank you enough.
suggestions?’ And every week I sit for hours on the
7 A Well! Not to mince my words, I don’t think
phone, ringing lino manufacturers, silver-makers, and
you stand a chance of getting that job.
ask them for the answers. This is my form of
B Huh! Thanks for your vote of confidence!
journalism.
8 A You said I had no chance. Well, you’ll have
Ben Williams is the deputy news editor. Tall and
to eat your words! I got the job.
handsome, he is also the office Lothario. Ben
B You didn’t! More fool me! You must be
Williams is secretly fancied by every woman at the
cleverer than I thought!
Kilburn Herald, not to mention the woman in the
9 A I reckon ‘selfie’ is the latest buzzword. It’s
sandwich bar who follows his stride longingly as he
even in the Oxford Dictionary now.
walks past every lunchtime. Ben Williams is
B Yeah, I can believe it. Everybody’s taking
gorgeous. His light brown hair is casually hanging
selfies. I’ve just bought a selfie stick.
over his left eye, his eyebrows perfectly arched, his
10 A This is just between you and me.
dimples, when he smiles, in exactly the right place.
Don’t breathe a word to anyone else.
He is the perfect combination of handsome hunk and
B I won’t tell a soul, I promise.
vulnerable little boy.
2.8 Expressions with word

1 A We couldn’t help laughing. It was too funny
3 Enough is enough?
for words. 3.1 World watch quiz
B I know – but it was her worst nightmare – 1 UN experts estimate that the total number of
wearing the same dress as someone else at children in the world will remain at around two
a posh ‘do’ like that. billion throughout this century. After a long period
2 A I think he’s boring. He has nothing to say for of constant increase, this peak level was reached
himself. at the end of the 20th century, as the average
B He may be a man of few words, but I think global fertility rate dropped from five babies per
he’s worth listening to. woman in 1950 to 2.5 in 2000.
3 A Pam just prattles on and on, usually about 2 Tragically, seven million of the 135 million children
herself. You can’t get a word in edgeways. born each year die before the age of five, but the
B I know. I thought she’d never shut up. good news is that this is a huge drop to one in
4 A Come on! You know you can trust me. twenty. This will not cause faster population
B What?! Trust you again? You’re kidding. You growth, as women are more likely to limit the size
don’t know the meaning of the word. of their families when child mortality drops.

our economy can’t carry on growing forever?’
3 The average life expectancy globally is 70 years. Well, I’m pleased to say we’ve got two people in
As recently as 50 years ago it was 60, and most of today who are well placed to discuss this issue.
the longer lives were being lived in developed Tony Adams is head of the Centre for Economic
countries. Today, the average of 70 years applies Policy.
to the majority of the world’s population. T Hello.
4 Today, 80% of adults in the world are literate. The P And Helen Armitage works for a think tank called
biggest recent improvements in education have Alternative Economies.
taken place for girls. In poorer countries such as H Hello.
Bangladesh, there are now as many girls attending P Tony, can you make the case for economic
primary and secondary schools as boys. growth?
5 A family in extreme poverty cannot be sure of T Well, em, basically, just to maintain current living
having enough food to eat on a daily basis. Figures standards, the economy has to grow as fast as
from the World Bank show that the number of the population. If it doesn’t keep up, there isn’t
people living in extreme poverty has fallen from enough work for everyone, and that means rising
two billion in 1980 to just over one billion today. unemployment. But we want to keep improving
6 In surveys over recent decades, self-assessment living standards, not just maintain them, especially
of where people feel they are on the happiness for the poorest in society. And the only way we
scale has resulted in slightly lower scores than half can lift people out of poverty is through economic
a century ago, despite significant increases in growth.
living standards. H That’s not strictly true, though, is it? Politicians
7 During the first 12 years of this century, the want economic growth because it allows them to
average level of debt per adult increased by 45%. say they’ll make the poor richer, without having to
In some countries, the UK for example, it doubled. make the rich any poorer. Without economic
8 The richest 10% in the world own 86% of global growth, we have to start looking at the issue of
wealth. At the top of the pyramid, the concentration income redistribution – letting the poor have a
of wealth increases further, with the top 1% owning bigger slice of the cake. Of course, the people at
just over 50% of global assets. the top are keen to avoid that, so they just keep
trying to make the cake bigger and bigger.
3.2 Limits to growth – Part 1
P Right, would you agree that growth is a way to
P = Presenter T = Tony Adams H = Helen
avoid doing anything about inequality, Tony?
Armitage T Well, of course, we need to avoid wealth
P Hello. Welcome again to Money Matters. Now,
redistribution if it means higher taxes on the rich.
we’ve had a few emails from listeners asking us to
That reduces their motivation to invest, and so the
discuss the topic of economic growth. Margaret economy then grows even less. We need to give
Bentley from Surrey writes: ‘It’s disappointing to everyone in society the opportunity to be better
hear the economy has grown less than expected. off, and that’s what economic growth makes
But why do economies need to keep on growing?’ possible.
And David Adams from Newcastle says: P Is that true, Helen, that growth keeps everyone
‘Politicians are always promising to get the happy?
economy back to “normal growth rates”, but surely

with some friends in the park.
H You mean, ‘a rising tide lifts all boats’? That’s T Yeah, it all sounds very nice, but people won’t
such a familiar idea, along with the famous stop wanting to buy more gadgets that will make
‘trickle-down effect’. But growth in recent decades their lives easier and more fun.
hasn’t reduced inequality, it’s made it worse. H Do gadgets really do that, though?
Statistics show that the poorest in society haven’t
3.3 Limits to growth – Part 2
benefitted – the tide seems to have lifted only the
P = Presenter T = Tony Adams H = Helen
big yachts, not all the boats.
T Oh well, it certainly made a huge difference in Armitage
P So, Helen, are you saying that we need to have
developing countries. The gap between rich and
less growth, or no growth at all?
poor countries is much smaller than it used to be.
H Well, the idea of endless economic growth is
Most of the world’s population now live in middle
obviously a delusion. Economic growth of 2.5% a
income countries.
H Yes, but the inequality within countries has year sounds modest, but it means that GDP has
continued to increase, and anyway it’s wrong to to double every 30 years or so. You can’t keep
assume that economic growth automatically leads doing that forever – it’s common sense.
T Common sense told us we couldn’t carry on
to greater happiness. That may be true for the
very poor when you really don’t have enough, growing as much as we have in the last 50 years.
more is definitely good. But overall we’ve seen our That’s because we couldn’t have predicted the
economies grow 24 times bigger in the last technological advances that have made it
century and we’re beginning to realize it hasn’t possible, and who knows what technology we
might develop in the future?
made us that much happier. Studies show that at
P And you think, Tony, that that will solve the
a certain level of income the connection between
problem of limited resources?
more income and greater happiness disappears.
P Yes, I’ve heard that. And it starts to happen at a T Well, yes I do. We keep finding ways to use
energy and resources more efficiently.
surprisingly modest level of income, too.
T But you’re arguing against basic human Refrigerators now use half the energy they did 35
years ago. Family cars use half the fuel they did in
psychology here. People always want more – they
always have, they always will. You see lots of the 1970s.
H Fine, but we can’t expect to keep making such
relatively well-off people doing the lottery – why’s
that? huge improvements in efficiency. Our resources
H Because they can’t help thinking that buying more will remain limited, and that makes the idea of
stuff will make them feel happier. It’s what our eternal growth a form of insanity. Look at those
images of the Earth from space, and it becomes
society encourages us to believe – just look at all
the adverts on TV. But if we stop to think about blindingly obvious. The last year that the global
what gives us greatest fulfilment – does it always economy was at a level the planet could support
involve consumption? If you want to see what was 1983. We’re now exceeding that capacity by
really makes you feel happier, go for a long walk more than 30%.
T Yeah, well, you know, I remain an optimist. What’s
in the countryside with a friend. Try watching a
sunset one day this week. Organize a ball game the alternative? No growth means more
unemployment and less social spending because

time to look at doing things differently.
of lower tax revenues. And, if the environment P You see managing without economic growth as a
needs protecting, no growth means having less positive challenge, then?
money to spend on doing that. H Yes. We can’t go back to the growth rates of
P Yes, well, perhaps you should say something recent decades, but it needn’t be a depressing
about the alternative, Helen. prospect – exploring the alternatives can be
H The alternative is the ‘steady state economy’, and exciting! We just need to give up the idea that
even the great-grandfather of capitalism, Adam consumerism is the central purpose of life.
Smith, talked about it. He thought that once P Well, thank you both. That is definitely an issue
everyone had reached a reasonable standard of that isn’t going to go away.
living, our economies would stop growing and
3.4 Spending on new cars
reach a steady state. He assumed people would
Spending on new cars rises sharply when people are
then prefer to spend more of their time on non-
economic activities, things like art and leisure, and in their 20s and presumably starting work. There’s
child-rearing. then a slight fall until mid-life, when there is a steady
T Yeah, well, good luck with that. It’s the happily increase in people in their 40s and 50s buying new
unemployed fantasy – fine until you need some cars – perhaps men having their mid-life crisis!
money to do something nice with your family. Spending then drops back again to level off for 70-
H No, it doesn’t mean being unemployed. There year-olds, before plunging sharply after people turn
would be less work available, but it can be shared 80, when people are probably not so bothered about
out, so we all do fewer hours a week. And as I what they drive if they’re still driving at all.
said, the extra time can bring us much greater

3.5 The popularity of the name Maria
happiness.
The name Maria was reasonably popular in the
P But people would have much less income.
1880s, with just under 1,000 babies per million being
H Yes, but that’s not such a problem if people
given it. In the 1890s its popularity rose steadily to
accept they’ll have to consume a lot less anyway.
just below 1,500, and between the 1900s and 1920s
We could still buy new stuff, but we’d have to get
it soared to over 2,500 before dropping again to
used to buying a lot less of it, and keeping it for
around 2,000 in 1940.
longer. It means getting things repaired more,
instead of throwing them away and getting a new The popularity of the name fluctuated over the next
one – that’s the way we used to live not so very five decades, going up to 2,800 in 1960 and dropping
long ago. again to 2,000 in 1980. There was then a sharp
T Well, I just can’t see it, personally. increase up to over 3,000 between 1980 and 1990.
H Well, I can, so maybe I’m the optimist. And I think There was a slight decrease to 3,000 during the
it’s interesting to ask ourselves what we really 1990s, and the number of babies given the name
want from life. Why are we hooked on producing Maria then plunged back to 2,000 by the end of the
and buying so much needless stuff? Why do we first decade of the 21st century. It is currently ranked
fill our lives with so much work that we don’t have as the 92nd most popular name for girls.
time to enjoy them? It’s not as if we ever meant to

create such a stressful way of life, so now’s the

3.6 Phrasal verbs with up and down
B You need to wake up and smell the coffee!
1 A This music’s great, isn’t it?
It’s obvious that she isn’t interested in you
B Turn it up – I can’t hear it!
any more.
2 A Kids, quieten down!
3 A I’ve been ill, but I couldn’t take much time off
B Oh Jeff, let them be. They’re just letting off
work.
steam. B Ah. You do look a bit run down.
3 A Why aren’t you going out much these days? 4 A Thank you all for coming in your lunch break.
B I need to save up for a car.
I want to talk to you about the …
4 A What’s happened since your company got B Speak up! We can’t hear at the back
taken over? 5 A I’m going to lose again. It’s so depressing.
B They’ve cut down my hours. B Oh lighten up, will you! It’s just a game!
5 A Speed up – it’s a 70 miles an hour zone!
6 A How did you manage to drop my tablet? Oh
B It isn’t. You can only do 60 on this road.
no! The screen is all cracked!
6 A Slow down – my legs are tired! B Calm down! I’ll pay for the repair!
B We’ll never get to the youth hostel before 7 A Have you worked out what 4 across is? It’s
dark if we don’t get a move on! one of the best crossword clues ever!
B It’s too difficult. I give up! What’s the answer?
3.7 Phrasal verbs with up and down
8 A You promised you would get this report done
1 A What will you do if you get made redundant?
by today.
B I’ll set up my own business!
B I know. I’m sorry. I’ve let you down.
2 A What happened after the scandal broke?
9 A I just don’t want to confront her about it. I’m
B The president stood down.
scared of her!
3 A It’s such a lovely day. What shall we do this
B Man up, Tim, and stop being a wimp!
afternoon?
10 A Have you heard the company’s been taken
B Let’s fire up the barbecue!
over? No one seems to think it will change
4 A What effect did it have on you, having to
anything much.
spend so much time abroad?
B The management’s playing it down, but it is
B My marriage broke down.
bad news.
5 A My laptop’s so slow to boot up.
B Try uninstalling programs that you never use. 3.9 Workplace jargon
6 A The chemist’s shut down. 1 Going forward, we’re hoping to grow the business
B I’m not surprised. It always seemed empty.
by at least 10% over the next year.
2 Jenny, can I task you with actioning all the points
3.8 Up and down
we’ve agreed in this meeting?
1 A I’m not talking to you until you say sorry.
3 This research phase is going to be mission-critical
B Oh, grow up and stop acting like a child!
on this project, so I want to make sure that
2 A I don’t know why Diana hasn’t replied to any
everyone is following best practice.
of my texts this week.
4 Supporting these charities will impact our tax
situation positively, and also get us some great
publicity – it’s a win-win situation!

3.10 Buzzword Bingo! ground running’ is all right, though. I quite like that
OK, I thought I’d touch base and bring you up to image, because it’s great when it does feel like that
speed on our bid to win the Delco advertising when you start a new project. And ‘go the extra mile’
campaign. I know this is on all your radars, and as is something I often do for my customers, and I’m
you know, this is mission-critical in terms of our fine with it being described like that. Things like that,
attempt to grow the business this year. If we’re and ‘bring you up to speed’, sound like perfectly
proactive on this one and our bid is successful, it will normal language to me. The danger with all of them
impact our public profile in a big way, and bring us is that if you hear someone say exactly the same
serious bonuses – a win-win situation. I’m pleased to thing many, many times, you switch off.
see that Jeff’s team have hit the ground running on
Danny
this. I don’t want to drill down into the ideas they’ve
I can’t stand all this verbing of nouns. ‘Could you
come up with so far, but let’s just say they’re certainly
action this for me?’, as if ‘Could you do this for me?’
thinking outside the box, and I know Jeff will go the
doesn’t sound impressive enough. At least it’s short,
extra mile to get this contract. If any of you decide
though. The ones that use an excessive number of
you’ve got something to bring to the table on this,
words annoy me most – ‘I’ll keep you in the loop’ –
give me a heads-up, and I’ll task you to action any
why not just ‘keep you informed’? ‘Going forward’ is
good ideas you come up with. Going forward, we
redundant most of the time, or you could just say ‘in
need to apply best practice throughout this bid, and if
future’. The only reason for using all this
there are any new developments, you can be sure I’ll
gobbledygook is the pathetic idea that it makes you
keep you all in the loop. Danny, you don’t look well.
sound like some high-flying managerial hotshot, but it
Are you feeling OK?
can actually make you sound like a moron if you use
3.11 Sara and Danny too much of it. Some of the shorter ones can be
Sara useful – ‘best practice’ means what it says and is
neat, and ‘proactive’ is a good thing to be in
It’s the macho action hero ones that get on my
business. I think ‘a win-win situation’ has a really
nerves most. ‘Don’t worry, it’s on my radar’. Er,
good feel to it. And I’m actually OK with ‘think outside
actually, no, you don’t have a radar because you’re
the box’, because in itself, it means something that I
not a fighter pilot, and the upcoming presentation at
really like to do. It’s just been overused so much and
the sales conference isn’t really a potentially mortal
the kind of person who uses it is usually stuck inside
threat. And before you tell me this is ‘mission-critical’,
a box labelled ‘I copy what everyone else says.’
we sell photocopier paper, and don’t tend to go on
many missions.
There seems to be a desire to be associated with the

heavy engineering boys too – my boss has started
asking me to ‘drill down’ when he wants me to give
him more information on something. And ‘growing the
business’ has become incredibly common, but it still
sounds odd to me – I can only think of vegetables
when someone talks about growing things. ‘Hit the

4 Not all it seems been very understanding if he’d found out we’d
been taken in.
4.1 Karen’s story
K = Karen B = Beth 4.2 Karen’s update
K Hey, Beth, you won’t believe what happened in K = Karen B = Beth
my jewellery shop this morning! K Oh, Beth, I’m so upset …
B What? B What’s wrong?
K We had a woman in, buying a diamond necklace, K You know I said those policemen were coming
and, and Jenny, the other assistant was serving back to the shop with the necklace?
her, and when she was paying for it, this bloke, B Yeah.
who I’d thought was just another customer, but I K Well, … they never did – it turns out the whole
have to say, I had noticed he was behaving a bit thing was a scam!
oddly, well, he turned out to be a policeman, and B What? I don’t understand.
arrested her for using counterfeit money, and … K They weren’t really policemen – they were all part
B Whoa! Slow down! You’ve lost me! The woman of a gang, the two men and the woman.
was a customer?K Yeah, and there were two men B So, what, they … no, I don’t understand, … they
in the shop who were actually plain-clothes took their own counterfeit money …
policemen. They’d been following her ’cos she K The money wasn’t the point. They wanted the
was part of a gang they’d been trailing for weeks necklace, and I told you, they said they had to
– they were all buying stuff with counterfeit take it as evidence.
money, so they arrested her when she was B Oh … I get it. Oh, that’s awful! … And clever … I
paying with it. guess you were so grateful when they told you
B Wow! That’s all a bit dramatic! So was it a really they were policemen, and what they were doing,
expensive necklace? you were hardly going to question them. Did you
K It was about four grand. not ask for their ID, though?
B And didn’t anyone think that was a lot to pay in K We didn’t need to, they held it up when they
cash? arrested the woman, but they must have been
K Well, it’s not that unusual in a jeweller’s. And the fake police badges – they can’t have been difficult
police said the fake money was really convincing, for them to make if they were forgers … though
so we probably wouldn’t have spotted it. apparently they hadn’t forged the money; it was
B So what’s happened to the woman? real.
K They’ve taken her down to the police station. B Oh, no! And you weren’t suspicious when they
They said they’d be back in a couple of hours to said they had to take the necklace with them?
get full statements and bring the necklace back – K Well, no, I guess Jenny and I were a bit, well, in
they had to take that as evidence. shock, really. I am kicking myself about that now,
B Gosh! I know you shouldn’t say it, but it is kind of though. I mean, why would they’ve needed to take
exciting, isn’t it?K Yeah, I know what you mean. It it away as evidence?
wouldn’t have been exciting if she’d got away with B Oh, don’t beat yourself up about it. I’d have fallen
it, though. I’m not sure my manager would’ve for it, I know. So, … what now? The real police
are looking for all three of them, I suppose?

K Yeah. And they’re trying to get statements from

interviewed. Police interviewers now have to follow
any eyewitnesses. We’ve got some security
strict guidelines and mustn’t ask leading questions.
camera footage, but apparently one of the
Judges will often remind juries of the unreliability of
cameras wasn’t working properly. Oh, what a
eyewitness testimonies. However, they are still the
horrible, horrible day!
leading cause of convictions that are later proven to
be wrong.
4.3 Professor Loftus’s work on eyewitness
evidence
4.4 Expressions with modals
Up until the 1970s, courts would often convict people
1 A It’s just a small gift to show how much I
of serious crimes purely on the basis of eyewitness
appreciate your help.
evidence. Defence lawyers would try to argue that a
B Oh, thanks, that’s very thoughtful of you, but
witness might be mistaken on some of the details in
you really shouldn’t have!
their statement, but if the witness wouldn’t accept
2 A I could have sworn I left the car here!
this, the jury would usually believe them and assume
B Well, I hope you’re wrong, otherwise
the suspect was guilty. Then, psychology professor
someone must have stolen it.
Elizabeth Loftus began her work on the unreliability
3 A Was Jake’s party good?
of memory and witness accounts. It showed that we
B It was OK. I got all dressed up, but I needn’t
shouldn’t think of memory as an accurate and
have bothered! No one else had made an
permanent record that we play back repeatedly. We
effort.
will often change our memories by filling in new
4 A Jenny will keep going on about my age!
details about what must have happened, even
B I think she’s just worried that you’re trying to
though we didn’t actually notice those details at the
do too much.
time.
5 A Er, you might want to check your shirt’s
Professor Loftus was also able to show how much
buttoned up properly.
the memories of eyewitnesses can be influenced by
B Oh, no! Thanks! How embarrassing! I got
the questions they are asked, for example, ‘What
dressed in a rush this morning.
colour hat was the man wearing?’ encourages
6 A Oh, you can be so insensitive sometimes!
a witness to ‘remember’ that the man was wearing a B Me, insensitive! You can talk! You were the
hat, when in fact he wasn’t. These are known as one who asked them why they’d paid so
‘leading’ questions because they lead people to much for the house!
remember events in a certain way. Even the choice 7 A [whistling]
of words used in questions can be critical: witnesses B Must you whistle all the time?!
who were asked what speed two cars were going A Oh, sorry! I didn’t realize I was doing it!
when they smashed into each other all gave higher 8 A And who might you be?
speeds than those who were asked the speed when B I’m the new cleaner. Is it OK to do your office
the cars hit each other. now?
9 A I want to apologize for the way I behaved.
Professor Loftus’s work has led to restrictions on the
B I should think so, too! It was appalling what
use of eyewitness evidence. Suspects have the right
you did!
to ask if they can speak to a lawyer before being

10 A Derek said the economic crash wasn’t at all N But Houdini soon saw that the mediums Doyle
predictable. introduced him to were simply using tricks to
B Well, he would say that, wouldn’t he? He give the impression of communicating with
works for one of the banks that needed spirits – the same tricks that he used in his
bailing out. own acts. Tactfully, he chose not to offend
Doyle by exposing these mediums as fakes,
4.5 When Arthur met Harry
saying on one occasion:
RA = Radio Announcer N = Narrator, Chris I am afraid that I cannot say that all their work
H
Blackwell H = Houdini CD = Conan Doyle
was accomplished by the spirits.
HW = Houdini’s wife Doyle was always confused as to why Houdini
N
RA And now the second part of our serialization of
needed convincing of the supernatural, and
Unexpected Friendships. Chris Blackwell
asked him:
reads an extract telling of the unlikely CD My dear chap, why go around the world
friendship of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Harry seeking a demonstration of the occult when
Houdini. you are giving one all the time?
N They seemed an unlikely couple, the six-foot- In 1922, Doyle visited the US to give a lecture
N
one British doctor and author, and the five- tour on life after death. He attracted huge
foot-six poorly educated American immigrant, audiences, and there was a sensation when
but when Conan Doyle met Harry Houdini in newspaper reports of his New York lectures
1920, they were immediately attracted to each resulted in a number of suicides. It seemed
other. Houdini had ambitions to be a writer
that readers had found his accounts of the next
himself, and was eager to mix with the literary world all too convincing and were keen to
elite. He was also intrigued to meet a highly
experience it as soon as possible. Houdini
intelligent man who believed in the decided to try and show Doyle that
supernatural. Doyle was convinced that
‘supernatural phenomena’ were not all they
Houdini’s amazing talents could offer proof of seemed, and arranged a private
supernatural powers, and was keen to make
demonstration. Houdini performed an amazing
use of Houdini’s fame and popularity to trick in which a message that Doyle had written
publicize spiritualism. Conan Doyle talked to
down in secret was written on a slate by a ball
Houdini about his own experiences of the soaked in ink. No one was touching the ball. It
supernatural, claiming to have spoken to his
seemed to be moved by an invisible hand as it
dead son on six occasions. Houdini showed wrote the words. Doyle was speechless.
great interest, and was enthusiastic about the
Houdini then told him that it had all been done
possibility of Doyle finding him a true medium, by trickery, and said:
telling him: H I beg of you, Sir Arthur, do not jump to the
H I am very, very anxious to have a séance with
conclusion that certain things you see are
any medium with whom you could gain me an necessarily ‘supernatural’, or the work of
audience. I promise to go there with my mind ‘spirits’, just because you cannot explain them.
absolutely clear and willing to believe.

N But it was a lost cause. Doyle was convinced public himself about how the whole thing had
that Houdini could only perform such amazing been a sham, saying:
tricks by using psychic abilities, saying: H It is a pity that a man should, in his old age, do
CD It is an outrage against common sense to think such really stupid things.
otherwise. N He assumed that Houdini had to N And so their unusual friendship came to an
deny his psychic abilities, because he would end. Houdini dedicated himself to exposing
have been unable to continue as a magician if mediums as fakes, while Doyle insisted that
it was known that he had them. And of course, Houdini was using his special powers to
Houdini couldn’t have revealed how he prevent the mediums performing properly.
performed his tricks, as it is taboo for any Doyle was clearly upset, and wrote to Houdini:
magician to do so. He simply noted with regard CD As long as you attack what I know to be true, I
to Doyle that: have no alternative but to attack you in return.
H I have found that the greater a brain a man N The two men never met again. After Houdini’s
has, and the better he is educated, the easier it death, his wife wrote to Doyle, insisting that
has been to mystify him. Houdini had not actually held any ill feelings
N Doyle was determined to persuade Houdini towards him. She said:
that not all mediums were fakes, and arranged HW He was deeply hurt whenever any journalistic
a séance in which his wife Jean would attempt arguments arose between you and would have
to contact Houdini’s dead mother. Houdini was been the happiest man in the world had he
excited about the possibility, and said: been able to agree with your views on
H With a beating heart I waited, hoping that I spiritualism. He admired and respected you.
might feel once more the presence of my N Doyle referred to Houdini as:
beloved mother. CD The most curious and intriguing character
N Jean went into a trance and began to write whom I have ever encountered.
messages to Houdini, saying that it was his
4.6 Collocations
mother speaking directly to him, and that she
1 A I don’t think she left him just because he
was simply moving Jean’s hand to write the
words. When the séance was over, Houdini forgot their anniversary.
B No, but I think it might have been the final
wrote at the bottom of the page, which was
filled with messages written in perfect English: straw.
My sainted mother could not write English and 2 A Dan got back from travelling round Asia two
H
spoke broken English. months ago and I think he’s already thinking
N She had always communicated with her son in about another trip.
B Yeah, he seems to have itchy feet again.
German. Houdini never thought the Doyles
3 A I avoid using my credit card when I’m
were trying to deceive him, but were simply
deluding themselves. However, when Doyle shopping for clothes – it’s difficult to stop
went on to write newspaper articles about the once I’ve started.

B Yes, it is a slippery slope.
‘messages’ that Houdini had ‘received’ from
his mother, it was the final straw. He went

4 A Is Sue not sure any more about applying for could be fed your meal by waitresses
that job? dressed as nurses, while you wore a
B No, she’s having second thoughts about it. straitjacket.
5 A I can’t believe she’s going to a faith healer to DM Henning.
try and get rid of her headaches. I guess HW Yeah, I believe that story.
she’s tried so many other things. DM You’re right to believe it, because it’s true! It
B Mmm, I think it was a last resort. closed ‘cos it was failing hygiene tests … ,
6 A I noticed you changed the subject when but then, as we know, the hygiene
David started talking to Jane about house requirements of a restaurant are much, much
prices. higher than they are for a hospital.
B Yes, it’s a sore point for her at the moment. GG In the 14th century, Henri de Mondeville
7 A So you don’t think it’s worth me spending any believed that causing the patient to weep or
more money trying to get this car back on the scream would remove the cause of their
road? illness, which is where clown therapy began.
B No, I think it’s a lost cause. DM Jeremy.
8 A It’s not fair! My sister got to go to New York JH I think the first bit of that is true.
for her birthday, and I just had a day in DM He believed that causing patients to weep or
London. scream was a good idea?
B Yes, it sounds like you got a raw deal there. JH Yeah.
9 A Do you think Suzanne really has a chance of DM No, he didn’t.
getting into the Royal College of Music? She JH OK.
only started the piano three years ago. DM No, but, no, this chap, Henri de Mondeville,
B No, it’s just wishful thinking. he was one of the first surgeons to stress the
10 A I can never understand the rules about which need for a good bedside manner, so very
future tense to use. much the opposite of making people weep
B To be honest, not many people can. It really and scream. He recommended that surgeons
is a grey area. should keep each male patient cheery with
false letters about the deaths of his enemies,
4.7 The Unbelievable Truth
or, if he is a spiritual man, by telling him he
DM = David Mitchell (host) GG = Graeme Garden
has been made a bishop. That’s it, just, that’s
HW = Henning When JH = Jeremy Hardy VCM =
a way of cheering someone up – some bad
Victoria Coren Mitchell medical news, … in other news, you have
DM Your subject, Graeme, is doctors: persons
been made a bishop, so … Graeme.
trained and qualified to diagnose and treat GG When doctors in Brazil went on strike in
medical problems. Off you go, Graeme. 1973, the number of daily deaths dropped by
GG In 2009, a group of doctors opened a
a third.
restaurant in Latvia, called Hospitalis. The DM Henning.
dining room looked like an operating theatre, HW That sounds unfortunately entirely plausible.
the food came on hospital trolleys, with
drinks in specimen beakers. On request you

DM It is true! Yes. Er, it’s believed a factor in the A Oh, we don’t allow flash photography.
reduced death rate could be the reduction in M I thought I might take it without flash. Would that
elective non-emergency surgery caused by be OK?
the strike. Or, you know, they’re doing more A Yes, that’s fine.
harm than good. M Thank you. Ted, you couldn’t take one of me next
GG Back in the 1860s, one American doctor to it, could you?
devised an ingenious way of getting rid of T Yes, of course … Just move a bit to the left,
awkward patients. He invented the hand would you?
grenade. Doctors …
4.9 Ways of being polite
DM Victoria.
VCM I’m gonna guess that the person that A Excuse me, is there any chance I could have a
look at your iPad? I was thinking I might buy one
invented the hand grenade was a doctor.
DM No, he wasn’t. of those.
VCM Oh, I’m so bad at this! B Yes, of course. I’m really happy with it.
DM No, well you’re … you’re not … A Thank you. Do you think I could have a go at
VCM You told me that Henning always lost and typing on it? I was wondering if the keyboard
this would be an easy one! would be big enough for my fingers.
DM No, no, the hand grenade wasn’t devised by B Sure, go ahead. My fingers are quite big and I
a doctor, but the machine gun was invented don’t have a problem typing on it.
A Mmm. It’s nice. Would you mind telling me how
by a doctor, Dr Richard J. Gatling.
GG Doctors have always been applauded for the much you paid for it?
B £340. You might want to have a look in PC World.
elegance and clarity of their handwriting. In a
They’ve got a sale on at the moment.
rare exception to the rule, the doctor who
A Oh, thanks very much, I think I might do that.
recorded the birth of Hollywood hunk Clark
Gable was not a master of penmanship. As a
4.10 How polite are these?
result, Clark Gable’s birth certificate listed
Would you mind not putting your feet on the table?
him as female, and his name was deciphered
as Joan Crawford. Do you think you could stop interrupting me?
Do me a favour and go, now!

4.8 Ted and Margaret
T = Ted M = Margaret A = Attendant Do you mind?! That’s my seat!
T That one’s incredible, isn’t it, Margaret? She looks

4.11 What are the situations?
so real!
1 Excuse me, would you mind speaking more
M Yes. I was wondering if it might be possible to
quietly?
take a photo of it. Do you think it would be all
Excuse me, would you mind speaking more
right?
quietly?
T Er, you might want to ask that attendant first.
2 Perhaps you’d like to explain this?
M Oh, I thought he was one of the exhibits! …
Perhaps you’d like to explain this?
Excuse me, could I possibly take a photo of that
statue?

P Well, think of something else to tell them, and ask
3 I’m afraid this isn’t good enough. very, very nicely. Come on, I can hardly get
I’m afraid this isn’t good enough. married without you as my best man!
4 Close the door, will you? M Ooooh, I dunno …
Close the door, will you?
5 Could you possibly move your car?
Could you possibly move your car? 5 Culture clashes
6 Would you mind not making that noise?
5.1 Which sign is it?
Would you mind not making that noise?
1 A Goodness! Did you see that sign? What on
4.12 earth does it mean?
M = Martin P = Peter B No idea. Do you think there’s a river at the
M Hi, Peter! bottom of this hill?
P Hey, Martin – good news, I’ve finally done it! I A Yeah, a river full of crocodiles.
popped the question!M You asked Karen to marry B Yes, but it seems they only eat people in
you! You said you were going to do it this year! wheelchairs.
And the answer was obviously a big ‘yes’! A Weird. Well, we’ll see.
P Yup, so your stint as best man is coming quite 2 A You’re holding everyone up!
soon! B Look, I’m new to this. I can’t see how to …
M When’s the wedding then? A Read the sign!
P October, October 18th. B I can’t make sense of it. How can I hold my
M Gosh, that’s soon … oh, hang on, that could be a poles and do that at the same time? It’s not
problem … let me check … oh, yeah, sorry Peter, possible.
I can’t do that Saturday. A Well, everyone else can manage it.
P No!!! B Ouch! Ow! I give up. I’m going up on the
M Yes, really, I’ve got an annual international cable car.
conference in London that weekend, and I’m A Good idea. You do that.
booked to give a presentation. You can’t have 3 A Ow! Careful! It’s a built-up area! You’re going
arranged anything yet – couldn’t you shift the too fast!
wedding to another weekend in October? B I am not.
P No – we spent ages finding a weekend that A You are! We’ve just gone over another one. I
worked for both our families to come over, and nearly hit my head on the roof. Take them
that really was the only one before the end of the more slowly.
year. Couldn’t you ask them to move your B I am.
presentation to the Sunday? A You’re not. Ooh! … Phew! Thank goodness
M Not really. It’s booked, and it’s all in the for that – we’re on the open road again.
4 A Hey, slow down! I want to look out for
programmes they’ve sent out.
P They could change that, though – it wouldn’t be ostriches.
B Uh? Ostriches!? You won’t see any here.
such a big deal for them.
M I can hardly ask them to do that because I want to A Well, that sign said we might.
go to a wedding though, can I?

82% of its people live in rural areas with few or no
B No, it didn’t. I don’t know what it was, but it
facilities or influences of modern life. Cannibalism
wasn’t an ostrich.
and head-hunting were widely practised until as
A Well, it looked like one to me.
recently as the 1950s, and polygamy is still part of
5 A Ugh! Look at these traffic queues!
the culture. It is still possible to buy a wife with
B ‘Lines’ – remember we’re in the States!
seashells or pigs.
A OK, OK. I told you it wasn’t a good idea to
Papua New Guinea has strong ties with its southern
set out in the rush hour.
neighbour, Australia, which administered the territory
B Don’t ‘I-told-you-so’ me! Just tell me which
until independence in 1975. The government is led
‘line’ to join.
by an elected prime minister in the National
A Not that one! We’re paying cash.
Parliament, but, as the country is a member of the
B Why not?
Commonwealth of Nations, Queen Elizabeth II is its
A I think it’s a drive-through lane. Try that one
head of state.
over there!
B Yeah, OK, OK. This is …
5.3 Missing words out
6 A Why would that be banned?
1 I tried to repair my car, but I couldn’t. It needs a
B Well, obviously it’s bad for you.
mechanic.
A But it’s just a nut.
2 A You look awful. Why don’t you see a doctor?
B Not just any nut. I believe it’s addictive and
B I did. He just gave me some pills and told me
carcinogenic and it makes your teeth red.
to take things easy.
A Eurghh!
3 A Have you read this report?
B Didn’t you see that guy in that café we
B No, I haven’t, but I will.
stopped at? His whole mouth was red.
4 My car’s being serviced at the moment. If it
A Yeah, I saw that – but I thought he must
wasn’t, I’d give you a lift. Sorry.
have bleeding gums and just needed a trip to
5 I’m so glad you told Sue exactly what you thought
the dentist.
of her, because if you hadn’t, I certainly would
5.2 Facts about Papua New Guinea have!

6 A I think I’ll give Rob a ring.
Papua New Guinea is located in the south-west
B You should. You haven’t been in touch with
Pacific Ocean, just north of Australia. Its population
him for ages.
currently stands at approximately 7,500,000. This is
7 I went to a party last night, but I wish I hadn’t. It
made up of over 700 different tribes. Many of these
was awful.
are in the isolated mountainous interior, or the
8 My boyfriend insists on doing all the cooking, but I
rainforest, and therefore have little contact with one
wish he wouldn’t – it’s inedible!
another, let alone with the outside world. This is one
9 A Aren’t you going to Portugal for your
of the reasons why Papua New Guinea is
holidays?
linguistically the world’s most diverse country, with
B Well, we might, but we’re still not sure.
over 800 languages spoken – 12% of the world’s
10 A Andy got drunk at Anne’s party and started
total.
insulting everyone.
B He didn’t! That’s so typical of him.

Things different
5.4 Auxiliary verbs
He’s tried windsurfing, but I haven’t.
1 A You met my sister last night.
He comes from a big family, but I don’t.
B Yes, I did. She thought we’d met before, but
He didn’t see the football match, but I did.
we hadn’t.
He hasn’t been to Australia. I have, though.
2 A It’s a long journey. Take care on the
motorway.
5.7 BBC Radio 4 Don’t Log Off Part 1
B Don’t worry. We will.
A = Alan B = Bryan
3 A Come on, John! It’s time you were getting up!
A Hello.
B Stop yelling at me! I am!
B Hello!
4 A The weather forecast said that it might rain
A Hello! Is this Bryan?
this afternoon.
B Yes, this is Bryan.
B Well, we’ll have to call off the tennis if it does.
A Hi, how are you? I first spoke with Bryan 18
5 A Did you get that job you applied for?
months ago.
B Yes, I did and I really didn’t think I would.
B I dedicate my lunch hour normally to chat with my
girlfriend, Anna, that I met online. I was just
5.5 Reduced infinitives
browsing profiles in Russia and I stumbled across
1 A Can you come round for a meal tonight?
the most beautiful woman in the world.
B Thanks very much. I’d love to!
A But this was more than just a typical online
2 A Did you post my letter?
romance. Do you speak Russian?
B Oh, I’m really sorry. I forgot to.
B No, I’m learning to speak Russian.
3 A I can’t take you to the airport after all. Sorry.
A And does Anna speak English?
B But you agreed to.
B No, not yet. She’s trying to learn English, too. I
4 A Was John surprised when he won?
began to chat with her using Google translator.
B He certainly was. He didn’t expect to.
A That’s how the relationship continued. Bryan and
5 A Why did you slam the door in my face?
Anna relying on online translation to
B It was an accident. I really didn’t mean to.
communicate. Saying that you were both ‘lost in
6 A You’ll be able to enjoy yourself when the
translation’ but in fact you found each other
exams finish.
through translation. This was the first of numerous
B Don’t worry. I intend to.
conversations with Bryan. The next time he’d
5.6 Finding things in common been to visit Anna in Russia.
Things in common B Let me tell you. It took me over 24 hours just to
Mark’s been to America, and so have I. get there.
He likes travelling, and I do, too. A Did you feel that it all was exactly how you
He doesn’t speak Russian, and neither do I. thought it would be in your mind?
He isn’t married, and nor am I. B Oh yes. The physical, spiritual, mental connection
He can’t drive, and I can’t, either. – everything was there.
A Six months later. Hello!
B Hello, Alan!
A Bryan had some big news for me.

B We’ve just decided we were going to get married A But you never know, that might fit into your
and … wedding plans.
A Anna and her two children would be leaving B Yes, I think it would definitely take it up to the next
Russia and moving to America. And the amazing level.
thing is, this whole relationship is still relying on A Bryan set the wedding date for the 21st
online translation. Neither Bryan nor Anna speak September, and I booked the plane ticket so I
each other’s languages. could be there. But then I received a rather
B She’s left the only home she’s ever known all her worrying message. So this is really big news …
life basically …
A Anna and her children were on their way.
B She’s coming to a country where she’s never A This is really big news. The wedding that was
planned for Saturday the 21st September is now
been. She’s never even been on an aeroplane
before. off.
A I spoke with Bryan at the airport on the night of B Hello!

A Bryan, I got your message. Erm, it’s big news.
their arrival. B She should be here any minute. It
B It’s a little bit difficult but, er …
had to have landed.
A They were all gonna come over on a three-month A Yeah.
B Fortunately, we haven’t made a lot of
visa.
B There’s some people coming up the escalator. arrangements.
A Anna has to get married to Bryan within those A Tell me how you both made the decision to
postpone the wedding.
three months. Otherwise Anna and the children
B I think the 21st was just a little bit too soon for her.
have to return to Russia.
B Then I still don’t see … You guys coming from She’s been through a lot. She came halfway
New York? Ha! Here she is! There she is – I around the world. She’s only been here, just
about a month and a half now, just a little shy of a
missed her! Oh! I missed you too! Oh! She’s here.
A Bryan, this is a very special moment. month and a half. And I think maybe, perhaps, er,
B OK well, she just told me to get off the phone! things may not be as nice as she’d imagined, you
A Well, Bryan, may I wish you good luck and I look know …
A What is the cut-off point, Bryan?
forward to catching up with you shortly.
B OK, you can call me in the next few days. B October 20th, I think would probably be the 90-
A And it was then that I had an idea. I was thinking it day cut off.
A The clock is ticking, isn’t it, Bryan?
would be a wonderful experience to visit you and
B Yes, and I hope that she doesn’t have second
Anna in Boise, Idaho.
B Oh wow! thoughts.
A To see you in person and to kind of capture your A But, wedding or no wedding, the plane tickets had
life with Anna now. been bought.
B That would be … that would be, er, … that would Boarding the plane I had no idea quite how this
be, interesting, yes. story would unfold. Fifteen hours later. There I
am, breathing Idaho air.

A Hi, Anna, how are you? It soon becomes clear to

the pavement outside. I couldn’t believe my eyes – it
me that it’s not been easy for Anna in these first
read, ‘ZEBRA, 65 Kc/kg.’ For me this was a big
few months in the US.
cultural difference. I’m no vegetarian and I’ll eat
B Right now she really hasn’t been anywhere by
almost any meat, I’ve no problem with veal or rabbit,
herself. She’s always had me with her.
but I do draw the line at endangered species, so I
A So when you’re at work?
checked the board again and it really did say ‘zebra’!
B When I’m at work she pretty much stays at home.
I felt sick. I worried about it all the way to work. I’d
A Can you understand that?
always thought the Czechs were a civilized nation,
B I can understand. She has been through a big
and, er, I wasn’t sure what perturbed me the most;
change and I don’t want to add any stress to her
the idea of eating zebra or the fact it was so cheap.
life.
Sixty-five crowns was about one pound twenty five –
that’s a kilo of zebra meat for less than a copy of a
Sunday newspaper.
A What have you got in that bag, Bryan?
B This is our wedding rings. Anyway, I got to my work and I introduced myself to
A Bryan and Anna are getting married. They’ve the pretty, young, Czech receptionist. And I just had
decided to go ahead with the wedding, but it’s not to find out if Czechs really did eat zebra. So I said,
quite the big day that Bryan had originally ‘What’s Czech for “zebra”?’ ‘Zebra,’ she said,
planned. It’s going to be a very low-key affair in
‘Why?’
the court house. It’s all very casual. Both Anna
Oh dear, I was horrified, so I asked, ‘And, er, it’s a
and Bryan are wearing jeans. It’s an empty
Czech delicacy?’
courtroom. The only people present at the
wedding are Bryan and Anna, Anna’s eight-year- ‘No,’ she said, ‘of course not. Why?’
old son, Ivan, myself, my producer and the
‘Well, outside the butcher’s, it said “ZEBRA 65
interpreter. And then Bryan had a surprise for us.
Kc/kg”.’
Both myself and my producer, Lawrence, were
called upon to be official witnesses at the She started laughing and finally she said, ‘Did the z
wedding. I can’t quite believe that from a random have a hacek?’
Skype conversation almost two years ago that I ‘A what!?’ I said.

am now in Boise, Idaho, signing Bryan and
‘A little hook, like this above the z.’ And she drew it
Anna’s wedding certificate. A wedding that would
for me.
never have taken place without the advent of
online translation. ‘You see, zebra is Czech for zebra, BUT žebra with a
hacek above the z means ribs.’ And she pointed at
5.10 Living abroad her midriff to show me.
Pete
I felt really foolish, but very relieved. The Czechs
I’m from Oxford, and a few years ago I went to work really are a civilized bunch after all. So much so that
in Prague, and on my very first day there I set off to I’m still here eight years later and … I’m married to
walk to work. And, er, I came to this butcher’s shop, Lenka – she’s the pretty, young receptionist.
and I casually glanced at the special offers board on

Sarah not its actual size in square feet or metres. Oh, and
something else – I find it odd to leave a doctor’s
I’m half Korean and half British, so I have a kind of
surgery without a prescription as long as your arm or
dual identity. I was born in Seoul in South Korea, but
with nothing at all – that was a first for me.
I’ve lived in England for years, and now I find
whenever I go back to Korea I’m faced with some Ethan
unique cultural differences. I suppose I look about,
I’m Australian and about six years ago I spent two
er, 80% Korean and 20% British, and Korean people
years living and working in Burma. Every day I’d
are often a bit puzzled as to why I look slightly
catch a taxi to my work. Anyway, one day not long
different from them. And one day the funniest thing
after I arrived there I got into this taxi, a beautiful
happened, in this respect. I was in a department
clean, shiny taxi. I sat down and, er, I put my feet …
store in Seoul, just browsing through some clothes,
well, it was difficult to find anywhere to put my feet.
and this woman came up to me, and she grabbed me
But I didn’t look down and the taxi started moving,
by the arm and said, ‘Oh, please tell me, where did
luckily quite slowly. Suddenly I found my feet
you get your nose done?’ and I just looked at her and
because they’d started … sort of running. It was the
said, ‘What?! What do you mean?’ and I tapped my
weirdest feeling. I looked down and my feet were
nose and felt very self-conscious. Then it struck me,
actually on the road and they had to run to keep up
because actually in Korea plastic surgery is quite a
with the taxi. I looked again and saw a huge rusted
routine procedure, it’s very common. There are
hole in the floor of the taxi – my feet had gone
plastic surgeons on every street corner, so this lady
straight through it. Quick as a flash I pulled them
just assumed because my nose is a bit larger than
back inside and positioned them firmly either side of
usual, erm, that I must have had plastic surgery
the hole. But after that I noticed that a lot of the taxis
done. I just said to her, ‘Oh no, no, sorry. Actually my
had problems – they were really ancient cars, but
father gave me this nose. He’s British.’
their owners were really proud of them and kept them
Marie in beautiful condition where they could, but some
things like doors or floors they couldn’t replace. I
I find it’s not at all exotic to be French here in
couldn’t imagine taxis like these being allowed in
London, but being English in Paris is still quite exotic,
Sydney. There didn’t seem to be any health and
I think. And … what are some of the cultural
safety regulations in Burma, but the taxis did their job
differences I’ve found living here? Well, quite a few –
just fine. Maybe it’s different now.
the usual food differences – there’s not a baker on
every corner, and OK, I like crisps, but in the
5.11 Comparing differences
supermarkets there are aisles of them in every
Conversation A
flavour imaginable – prawn, vinegar, chicken, chilli …
A Who’s the package for?
on and on. Who needs them all? Oh, and the English
B Nancy – it’s her birthday on the weekend.
obsession with house prices. Yes – they have
A Yeah, I know. What did you get her?
endless conversations about the prices of houses –
B A beautiful, brown, leather purse.
everyone wants to own a house, and what’s weird to
A Awesome! She’ll love it. I got her a gorgeous
me is the way that they quantify the size of a house
cashmere sweater.
by giving the number of bedrooms and bathrooms,

B She’s a lucky girl. I want to mail it to her. Do you 6 A Did they bring the check yet?
have her address? B Yeah. They just did. But I can’t read a thing.
A I do, but I don’t have the zip code. It’s so badly lit in here. You need a flashlight.
7 A Do we need to stop for gas?
Conversation B B Sure do! Anyways, I need to use the
A Who’s the parcel for? bathroom.
B Nancy – it’s her birthday at the weekend. 8 A Did you enjoy the game?
A Yeah, I know. What have you got her? B Yeah, it was great, but we had to stand in
B A beautiful, brown, leather handbag. line for half an hour to get tickets.
A Fabulous! She’ll love it. I’ve got her a lovely
5.13 British English
cashmere jumper.
1 A Have you got the time?
B She’s a lucky girl. I want to post it to her. Have
B Yeah, it’s five past four.
you got her address?
A I have, but I haven’t got the postcode. A Did you say five to?
B No, five past four.
5.12 American English 2 A What are you going to do at the weekend?
1 A Do you have the time? B Oh, you know, the usual. Play football with
B Yeah, it’s five after four. my kids, and do a bit of gardening.
A Did you say five till? 3 A Did you have a good holiday?
B No, five after four. B Yeah, really good.
2 A What are you gonna do on the weekend? A How long were you away?
B The usual stuff. Play soccer with my kids B Five days altogether. From Monday to
and rake the yard Friday.
3 A Did you have a good vacation? 4 A Where do you live?
B Yeah, real good. B We’ve got a small flat on the ground floor of
A How long were you away? a block of flats in the city centre.
B Five days in all. Monday thru Friday. A Have you got a garden?
4 A Where do you live? B No, we haven’t, just a car park at the rear.
B We have a small apartment on the first floor 5 A Have you seen Meryl Streep’s new film yet?
of an apartment building downtown. B I have. She was terrific in it. She played this
A Do you have a yard? plain, old woman who drifted around in her
B No, we don’t, just a parking lot around the dressing gown all day.
back. A Yeah, she’s a great actor.
5 A Did you see Meryl Streep’s new movie yet? 6 A Have they brought the bill yet?
B Sure thing. She was awesome in it. She B Yeah. They just have. But I can’t read a
played this homely, old woman who drifted thing. The lighting is so bad in here. You
around in her bathrobe all day. need a torch.
A Yeah, she’s a great actor. 7 A Do we need to stop for petrol?
B Yeah, why not?! Anyway, I need to go to the
loo.

8 A Did you enjoy the match? 7 ‘No one is born hating another person because of
B Yeah, it was great, but we had to queue for the colour of his skin, or his background, or his
half an hour to get tickets. religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can
learn to hate, they can be taught to love.’ This
was said by Nelson Mandela (1918–2013).
6 Fruits of war Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid
6.1 Famous war quotations revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist. In
1 ‘I came, I saw, I conquered’ was said by Julius 1962, he was arrested and sentenced to life
Caesar (100 BC–44 BC). He was a Roman imprisonment. He served over 27 years in prison.
general who sent the famous message ‘veni, vidi, He was finally released in 1990 following an
vici’ to the Roman senate in 47 BC, after a great international campaign.
military victory in Asia Minor, now known as He then served as President of South Africa from
Turkey. 1994 to 1999.
2 ‘Happiness lies in conquering one’s enemies, in 8 ‘I know not with what weapons World War III will
driving them in front of oneself, in taking their be fought, but World War IV will be fought with
property, in savouring their despair, in outraging sticks and stones.’ Said by Albert Einstein (1879–
their wives and daughters.’ This was said by 1955). He was a German-born physicist who
Genghis Khan (1162–1227). He was the emperor developed the general theory of relativity. In 1921,
and founder of the Mongol Empire. After his he received the Nobel Prize in Physics.
death, this became the largest empire in history. 9 ‘In war, truth is the first casualty.’ First said by
3 ‘You shall show no mercy: life for life, eye for eye, Aeschylus (525–456 BC). He was a Greek tragic
tooth for tooth.’ This is from the Old Testament in dramatist. He is often described as the father of
the Bible – the Book of Deuteronomy, chapter 19, tragedy, being the first of the three ancient Greek
verse 21. tragedians whose plays are still read or
4 ‘Resist not evil: but whosoever shall strike thee on performed, the others being Sophocles and
thy right cheek, turn to him the other.’ This is from Euripides.
the New Testament in the Bible – Matthew’s 10 ‘Mankind must put an end to war before war puts
gospel, chapter 5, verse 38. an end to mankind.’ Said by John F. Kennedy
5 ‘War does not determine who is right, only who is (1917–1963), the 35th President of the US. It was
left.’ Said by Bertrand Russell (1872–1970). part of a speech to the United Nations General
Russell was a British philosopher, mathematician, Assembly on September 25,1961.
historian, and pacifist. He won the Nobel Prize for

6.2 Structures which add emphasis
Literature in 1950.
a I hate the waste of human life in war.
6 ‘The tragedy of modern war is that the young men
What I hate about war is the waste of human life.
die fighting each other – instead of their real
The thing I hate about war is the waste of human
enemies back home in the capitals.’ Said by
life. It’s the waste of human life that I hate.
Edward Abbey (1927–1989). Abbey was an
b War changes people’s lives forever.
American author, essayist and anarchist, noted for
What war does is change people’s lives forever.
his advocacy of environmental issues.

6.5 Structures which add emphasis (2)
The thing war does is change people’s lives
Never in the field of human conflict was so much
forever. Something the war did was change
people’s lives forever. owed by so many to so few.
Never have I seen such courage.

6.3 How do they add emphasis?
Rarely does one find such clear explanations.
1 The thing I can’t stand about Bruce is the way
he’s always so full of himself. Had it not been for the war, women would not have
2 It’s his lack of self-awareness that amazes me. got the vote.
3 What you don’t appreciate is how exhausting
Finally, the war did end.
travelling is.
4 Something that drives me mad is the number of 6.6
security checks. 1 Something I’ve never told you is that I’m actually a
5 The thing that upset me was the way the customs secret agent.
officer behaved.
2 What I can’t stand about modern life is the
6 What I appreciated was the fact that all the nurses
number of choices you have to make.
were so sympathetic.
7 Something that really annoys me is the way you’re 3 What always surprises me is the way we always
always late. seem to end up doing what you want to do.
8 It’s Peter who you should talk to. 4 The thing that annoys me most is people who talk
loudly into their mobiles in public places. Do they
6.4 Emphatic responses
think it makes them look important?
1 A What kind of holiday do you like?
B One thing I like is touring historic sites. 5 It’s not me who wanted to come to this dump on
2 A I like relaxing on a beach in the sun. holiday! Cheap it may be, but there’s nothing to
B What I like doing is touring historic sites. do.
3 A You like adventure holidays, don’t you? 6 What the government should do is stop listening
B No, no, touring historic sites is what I like. to focus groups and get on with governing!
4 A You like going on cruises, don’t you?
7 Never in my life have I been so pleased to see
B No, it’s touring historic sites that l like.
someone. Do you have a key to the front door?
5 A I know you hate touring holidays.
B Well, actually, touring historic sites is 8 What I did after class yesterday was just go home
something I like. and chill. I was shattered.
6 A You like cultural holidays, don’t you?

6.7 Pronunciation: using stress to emphasize
B Yes, there’s nothing I like more than touring
1 A Peter hasn’t told anybody.
historic sites.
B He told me.
2 A I hope you didn’t tell Clara.
B I didn’t tell anyone.
3 A I invited Anna, but she isn’t coming.
B I told you she wouldn’t.

6.9 Part 2 The Christmas truce
4 A Who told Tim about it?
I = Interviewer GW = Graham Williams
B I’ve no idea. I didn’t tell anyone.
5 A John won’t like it when you tell him. HS = Harold Startin
I That scene, from the West End musical of the
B If I tell him.
6 A It’s the worst film I’ve ever seen. 1960s Oh, What a Lovely War! is a pretty
B Tell me about it! accurate illustration of the kind of thing that
7 A He dumped me. happened in several places on the Western
B I told you he would! Front on that Christmas Eve of 1914. Listen to
8 A Have you heard the joke about the old man the account of someone who was actually there.
Graham Williams, a rifleman with the London
and his dog?
B I told you it! Rifle Brigade, was on sentry duty that night.
GW On the stroke of eleven o’clock, which by
6.8 Part 1 Oh, What a Lovely War! German time was midnight, ’cos they were an
A, B, C, D, F = British soldiers E = German soldier hour ahead of us, lights began to appear all
A Hey, listen! along the German trenches, and er … then
B Yeah, they’re coppin’ it down Railway Wood people started singing. They started singing
tonight. Heilige Nacht, Silent Night. So I thought, ‘Well,
A Nah, not that. Listen. What is it? this is extraordinary!’ And I woke up all the other
C Singin’ innit? chaps, and all the other sentries must have done
B It’s those Welsh bastards in the next trench. the same thing, to come and see what was
C That’s Jerry, that is. going on. They sang this carol right through, and
B Yeah, it is Jerry. It’s comin’ from over there. we responded with English Christmas carols,
D Sing up, Jerry! Let’s ’ear yer! and they replied with German again, and when
C Oh nice, weren’t it? we came to Come All Ye Faithful, they joined in
E Tommy? Hello, Tommy! singing, with us singing it in Latin, Adeste
B Eh! ’E ’eard us! Fideles.
C ’Ello? I So by the time you got to that carol, both sides
E Fröhliche Weihnacht! were singing the same carol together?
C Eh? GW Both singing the same carol together. Then after
B What? that, one of the Germans called out, ‘Come over
E Happy Christmas! and see us, Tommy. Come over and see us!’
All Oh! ’Appy Christmas! So, I could speak German pretty fluently in those
F Hey, yeah, it’s Christmas! days, so I called back … I said, ‘No you come
over and see us!’ I said, ‘Nein, kommen …
zuerst kommen Sie hier, Fritz!’
And nobody did come that time, and eventually
the lights all burned out, and quietened down,
and went on with the normal routine for the
night. Next morning I was asleep, when I woke
up I found everyone was walking out into no-

6.10 Part 3 How the truce ended
man’s land, meeting the Germans, talking to
I = Interviewer HS = Harold Startin
them, and … wonderful scene … couldn’t
I Not only was the truce more extensive than
believe it!
I Further along the line in the perfect weather, anyone has realized before, it also lasted much
Private Harold Startin of the Old Contemptibles longer than has been believed until now. In
some areas, the war started up again on New
was enjoying the morning, too. He couldn’t
speak any German, but that didn’t stop him Year’s Day, but in the part of the line where
Harold Startin was, the truce lasted a lot longer
making friends.
HS We were ‘Tommy’ to them, and they were all than that.
HS Ours went on for six weeks. You can read in the
‘Fritz’ to us. If you’d have met your brother, they
couldn’t have been more cordial towards you, all history books about Sir John French, when he
heard of it, he were all against it. But our truce
sharing their goodies with you. They were giving
us cigars about as big as your arm, and tobacco. went on for six weeks. And the Württemberg
I Were you frightened at first? Were you Regiment, they got relieved before we did, and
suspicious at all? Because these were people … they told us they thought it were the Prussian
HS No! Guards goin’ to relieve them, and that if it was,
I … that you’d been trained to hate, weren’t they? we should hear three rifle shots at intervals, and
HS No! There was no hatred, we’d got no grudge if we only heard three shots we should know that
against them, they’d got no grudge against us. the Prussian Guards, that were opposite us
See, we were the best of pals, although we were then, and we’d got to keep down.
I Because they would be fiercer than …
there to kill one another, there were no two ways
HS Yes!
about that at all. They helped us bury our dead,
I … than the Württembergers?
and we buried our dead with their dead. I’ve
HS Yes!
seen many a cross with a German name and
I Can you remember particular Germans that you
number on and a British name and number on.
‘In death not divided.’ spoke to? Over six weeks you must have made
I Did you do other work during the truce as well? friends?

HS I spoke to one, Otto, comes from Stuttgart, ’as
Was it just burying the dead, or were there other
… ’as been over to England to see me.
things …
I So you made friends during the truce and kept in
HS Oh, there was strengthening the trenches,
touch after the war?
borrowing their tools …
I You actually borrowed German tools to HS We made friends during the truce, and friends
after.
strengthen your trenches?
HS We borrowed German tools. They … then … Goodbyee! (Soldier’s song from the 1914–1918 war)
they’d come and help you strengthen your Goodbyee! Goodbyee!
defences against them. Wipe the tear, baby dear, from your eyes!
Though it’s hard to part, I know,
I’ll be tickled to death to go.
Don’t cryee! Don’t sighee!
There’s a silver lining in the skyee.

Bonsoir, old thing! Cheerio! Chin-chin! B Hey! Hang on a minute – look who’s talking!
Au revoir! Toodle-oo! Goodbyee! You never go anywhere without your iPad
and iPhone.
6.11 Expressions for agreeing and disagreeing
A Yeah, but I’m not always checking them.
1 A What colour do you call that?
You’ve lost the art of conversation.
B It says ‘pale sunlight’ on the tin.
B I have not! I really take offence at that.
A ‘Pale sunlight’! It’s more like ‘dazzling A Well, I’ve been telling you about my day and
daffodil’! I can’t wake up to that every
you haven’t heard a word.
morning – it’d give me a headache. B Uh? Sorry – what did you say?
B I suppose it is a bit . . . er . . . yellow. Oh
dear! I just wanted a kind of sunny glow in
our bedroom. 7 Lighten up!
A Don’t worry. I’m sure we can find a happy
7.1 Words from the text
medium. Let’s get some of those little trial
pots from the paint shop. 1 I’m so fed up with living in this town. It’s so boring,
2 A We should have turned left there. there’s just nothing interesting to do here. And I
B Look! Who’s driving this car? The satnav wish we hadn’t bought this house – it’s gloomy.
said ‘right’. A I know these streets better 2 Look, it really is time you cleaned your room. When
than any satnav. are you going to do it? If I’ve asked you once, I’ve
B You do not! The satnav is never wrong. asked you a thousand times!
A Huh! You don’t believe that any more than I 3 I was really upset when I didn’t pass the university
do. entrance exam, but I feel OK about it now. I guess
B Well, I am not turning round. it’s not the end of the world.
A OK, OK. Have it your own way. But don’t 4 I think it was appalling the way Selena behaved.
blame me if we’re late. I’m not interested in her excuses. She should be
3 A I haven’t a clue who to vote for in the next ashamed of herself.
election. They are all a load of . . . 5 OK, OK, you’ve made your point, maybe I did
B But you’ve got to vote. We can’t let the other behave badly this evening.
lot in. 6 I’m not very good at explaining things to people –
A That’s not how I see it. They’re all as bad as I’m impatient, and I get very frustrated if they don’t
each other. understand straight away.
B I couldn’t disagree more. Let the other lot in 7 Everyone’s saying how wonderful your
and taxes will rocket and prices will . . . presentation was! Derek says you’re one of the
A Come on! That happens with all of them. best presenters he’s ever seen.
Let’s just agree to disagree, shall we? You 8 Oh, I still don’t know whether to take that job! I’ve
and I mustn’t fall out over this. hardly slept all night thinking about what to do. Do
4 A Put that thing down! you really think I should take it?
B Uh?
A You spend your life in front of a screen.

7.2 Mixed conditionals 7.4 Expressions with if …

1 I’d give Dave a lift again tomorrow if he hadn’t 1 A There isn’t very much, if any, chicken in this
made fun of my car this morning. sandwich – it’s all salad.
2 If you hadn’t been sitting in that café when I walked B I know. Mine’s the same. I’d have ordered
in, we wouldn’t be living together now. the vegetarian option if I didn’t want meat!
3 If Karl had been born a week earlier, he’d be 2 A We rarely, if ever, watch reality TV shows.
starting school next week! B We don’t either. I find I get enough reality in
4 We’d buy that house right now if the previous everyday life.
owner hadn’t painted it pink! 3 A He’s a born loser if ever I saw one.
5 If I didn’t have bad eyesight, I would have trained B Oh, that’s a dreadful thing to say. He’s just
as a pilot after I left college. going through a difficult period in life.
6 I would have posted Gilly’s birthday present 4 A You should find my house easily. If not, give
yesterday if I wasn’t going to visit her next week. me a ring and I’ll give you directions.
B It’s OK. I never find things easily myself, but
7.3 I wish we hadn’t come here!
my satnav usually does the job.
Z = Zoe W = Will
5 A Jo seemed interested in the idea, if not
Z Urgh! This hotel is horrible! I wish we hadn’t come
exactly enthusiastic.
here. I’ve never seen such a dirty place in my life! B Oh, I think she’s very keen. She just doesn’t
It wouldn’t be so bad if the bathroom was clean, show her feelings very much.
but it’s filthy. I wouldn’t even wash my socks in it. 6 A See if that dress fits you. If so, you should
W I know, but we’d been driving for hours and I
definitely buy it.
wanted to stop. If we hadn’t, there mightn’t have B You know, I think I might just do that. It’s time
been another hotel for miles, and we’d still be I had some new clothes.
driving. 7 A Creepy Colin asked me for a date! As if!
Z I wish we’d set off earlier, so we could have got to B Oh, come on! He’s not that bad! I’d fancy him
Cornwall today. We won’t get there till tomorrow
if he dressed a bit smarter.
lunchtime now. I told you we’d need to leave in
the morning, but you wouldn’t listen! 7.5 The history of the smile Part 1
W I had to finish some important work this morning. P = Presenter KW = Kate Williams
If I hadn’t, we could have left earlier. Then we’d CJ = Colin Jones LC = Laura Cumming
be sitting in a nice hotel on the coast instead of P The historian and author Kate Williams goes in
this dump in the middle of nowhere. search now of the modern winning smile.
Z Anyway, it’s time we had something to eat. If it KW W.C. Fields’ advice might have been to start the
wasn’t so late, I’d suggest looking for a pub that day with a smile and get it over with, but the
does food, but I guess we’ll have to eat here. I power of the smile should not be
wish we didn’t – it’ll be awful, I’m sure. W Oh, I underestimated. The broad and confident smile
wish you’d stop moaning! is at the heart of our communication, and central
Z OK, I’m sorry. I guess we’re both tired. Come on, to how we interact with people in today’s society.
let’s start enjoying the weekend! However, this hasn’t always been the case, as

Colin Jones, Professor of History at Queen Mary court painter Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun,
University of London, explains: painted in 1786 and first shown a year later at
CJ Since the Renaissance there’s been a the Louvre, where it still remains.
tremendous emphasis on forms of politeness CJ It really crystallizes the change, which has
and civility, which emphasize control. All that probably been going on in the previous years,
sort of conduct literature emphasizes closure of about the meaning of the smile – the smile with
the mouth. Of course, one smiles at all sorts of an open mouth showing teeth, that is. She’s
circumstances, the crucial thing is to control that sitting in a very sort of casual way with her
smile, and to keep the lips firmly shut, so that rather beautiful child on her lap, looking directly
the mouth is closed and the teeth are at the viewer, with a very charming smile, and
undisplayed. she’s showing white teeth. It provokes quite a
KW Just because they were restrained doesn’t mean storm, there are people who write in about this
they didn’t have a good time. As a historian, I’m and say, this is quite radical, it’s quite
fascinated by how images of our ancestors as disgraceful that she’s showing herself in this
straight-faced and serious makes us think that way. By focusing on the smile, I think we’ve
they were dour. From Elizabeth I to Queen definitely got something which is changing, it’s
Victoria, it is almost as if we think those before something which is a very significant moment, I
us never smiled. Art critic Laura Cumming, think, in the representation of the smile in
author of A Face to the World, has examined Western art, but it also is flagging up a change
smiles in portraiture from across the centuries. in the way that people think about the
LC Most smiles that I can think of in portraiture are relationship between their smile and their basic
closed-lipped. It seems to me that that’s quite identity.
significant. Clearly teeth are an issue in the LC Vigée-Lebrun is not the first by any means.
medieval era, and they become an issue very What she is, however, is the first to make a real
strongly with the arrival of sugar, and in Flemish style of it.
art, in which there are lots of smiling portraits, CJ What is also interesting about this smile is that
there’s a suggestion that the open mouth smile it’s flagging up Madame Vigée-Lebrun is a
is indicating speech and sometimes indicating woman who can afford a dentist. She could act
age. There are wonderful paintings, Lucas as almost like an advertisement for some of
Cranach and so on, where the sitter is opening these Parisian dentists who are seen as
their mouth to show, either rather beautiful Europe’s greatest practitioners in the 18th
flashy white teeth, in which case they’re showing century, or for the tooth powders or pastes and
their teeth off, or they’re showing the crumbling toothbrushes which are emerging precisely at
teeth like a faltering, falling skyline. Most smiles, this time.
closed.
KW Professor Colin Jones feels there’s one portrait
in particular that has great significance in the
history of the toothy smile we know today: Self-
portrait in a turban with her child, by the French

7.6 The history of the smile Part 2
to, say, to get me to make that perfect natural
AT = Angus Trumble KW = Kate Williams
smile?
CJ = Colin Jones OM = Olivia Manning OM What I want you to do is, just sit there for a
AT The greatest single factor governing the
moment, and just start relaxing everything.
development of modern smiling habits, apart Yeah, first of all your forehead, everyone holds a
from dentistry, was the invention of photography
lot of tension in their forehead. Really relax the
and in due course the invention of motion picture muscles around your eyes and your
photography.
cheekbones, and just let your lips fall open. If
CJ The emergence of Hollywood studio shots,
you could just imagine a moment in your life
where the smile is seen as something which is
where you felt particularly happy, confident and
absolutely vital to the person’s charisma. It’s attractive.
really in the late 19th and definitely much more KW I’m in Italy, in a little village by the sea, and
in the 20th century that the idea comes forward having a large plate of pasta, and it’s beautiful
that the informal shot, which can be picked up weather, and I’m with friends and it’s just, it’s
by instant photography, becomes a way in which just a wonderful evening.
individuals can register their individuality. OM So, now I want you to hold on to all of those
KW We have our photographs taken all the time,
feelings, but you’re now in the studio and you’re
weddings, Christmas, holidays, but it’s actually ready to be photographed, so open your eyes
quite difficult to get that perfect natural smile. So and let’s go! … That’s absolutely lovely … and
to find out how to look good on camera, I’m here just drop your chin a tiny touch, yeah, that’s the
in a photography studio in North London, to
shot, that’s lovely.
meet the photographer Olivia Mann, and we’re KW Oh, I’d love to see it. Can I have a look? Oh,
going on a mission for the perfect natural smile.
that’s great! That’s fabulous! I love it! So there’s
OM Great, that’s fantastic.
me thinking of Italy. I think I’m going to try this
KW So, Olivia, you specialize in wedding
from now onwards, every time I have to have my
photography, and when you’re out there photograph taken, I’m going to start thinking
photographing the wedding, how do couples feel
about eating pasta in Italy by the sea!
about smiling on their wedding day?
OM I have brides coming to me and saying, ‘Oh, I’m 7.7 The history of the smile Part 3
really worried about my crow’s feet, and if I smile AT = Angus Trumble MF = Martin Fallowfield
too much, then that’s going to make me look KW = Kate Williams
awful. What is actually a nightmare for me is that AT The profound transformation of whole societies
if someone is worrying about their crow’s feet, by what can be achieved now in the dentist’s
then what they tend to do is tighten up and chair is giving rise to completely new attitudes
clench all their facial muscles, so they actually about what is beautiful and what is acceptable
look quite scary, which is the last thing you want and what is desirable in our smile. So in a way,
in your wedding photographs. the medical and the cultural are travelling in
KW So Olivia, I can’t put it off any longer, I’m going parallel.
to have my photograph taken, what will you do

speeding if I tell them I was late for a really
KW One man who has our smiles literally in his important medical appointment.
hands is dentist Martin Fallowfield. So is there B Oh, yeah, dream on. You think they haven’t
such a thing as the perfect smile? heard that one before?
MF There are those who argue that the perfect smile 6 A Well, I guess we’d better crack on.
is an imperfect smile. The very, very best B Absolutely. It’s nearly three o’clock and we’re
technicians will be building in tiny irregularities only halfway through.
when they’re building a full mouth smile. This
7.9 Phrasal verbs with on and off
wall-to-wall symmetrical dentistry that we’re
1 Oh, it was such a drag that your barbecue got
seeing, actually doesn’t look that good.
KW So what’s the future for our smiles? Bigger? rained off. I was really looking forward to it.
2 These drugs really help my migraines, but they
Whiter? Wider? Angus Trumble.
AT If you look at the difference between Rita wear off after about four hours, and I don’t want to
Hayworth and Julia Roberts, it is impossible not keep taking more of them.
3 About a third of our workers were laid off in the
to be startled by an amplification. The dial on the
meter marked ‘smiling’ is being turned up and company restructure.
4 I can’t believe Denise has broken off her
there’s no reason to suppose that it will stop
being turned up, it will get bigger, possibly engagement. She seemed so keen on Jason.
5 The fire service strike was called off at the last
fiercer, certainly whiter, and possibly even
broader. minute after industrial negotiations.
KW So one day we might be like the Cheshire Cat, 6 I went off meat for a while after visiting a factory
farm on our school trip. It’s enough to put anyone
big and smiley and the grin remains!
AT Yes, and in that situation a solemn or sombre off.
person may strike us as not just bizarre but mad.

7.10 Phrasal verbs with on and off
7.8 Phrasal verbs with on and off 1 A So there isn’t going to be a train strike now?
1 A You look tired! B No, it’s been called off.
B Well, I carried on reading that book till 2.00 in 2 A A lot of people are eating quinoa now, aren’t
the morning! It was such a page turner, I just they?

B Yes, it really seems to have caught on.
had to find out how it ended!
3 A These painkillers don’t work for very long, do
2 A Oh, no, I feel like I’ve heard this lecture before!
B I know, it is dragging on a bit, isn’t it? His voice they?
B No, they wear off after about three hours.
is so monotonous, too!
3 A I finally managed to get away from Alan. He was 4 A I thought you liked blue cheese?
B I did, but I’ve gone off it.
going on and on about his new phone.
B I know. He’s been wanting one of those for ages 5 A Do you fancy a cup of tea?
B Yes, I’ll put the kettle on.
though, so he’s obviously excited about it.
4 A Are you going to the school sports day? 6 A When does the heating start working?
B It comes on at nine o’clock.
B Of course I am! Sally might not win her race if
7 A Was it too wet to finish your tennis match?
I’m not there to cheer her on!
B Yes, it got rained off.
5 A I think there’s a chance I’ll get let off for

8 A How come you lost your job? B Keep your chin up! Some day you’ll look back
B I got laid off. on all this and laugh!
9 A Are you taking Suzie to the airport? 6 A We’ll have to be more careful – we’ve spent
B Yes, I’m going to see her off. most of that lottery money already.
10 A Have you still not written that essay? B Oh well, easy come, easy go. It was good
B No, I keep putting it off. while it lasted.
11 A Oh, I thought that lecture would never end! It 7 A If only I’d never asked Lucy out. She said ‘no’,
was so dull. and it’s really awkward working with her now.
B Yes, it did drag on a bit. B You’ll soon get over it. And at least you tried –
12 A Why can’t you drive down the High Street? Is it you know, nothing ventured, nothing gained.
because of that awful traffic accident? 8 A I’m still gutted about being made redundant.
B Yes, the police have sealed off the area. B Perhaps it’s for the best. You never did like
that job – it might turn out to be a blessing in
7.11 Responses to bad news
disguise.
A I can’t believe I missed that penalty!
B Never mind, it could be worse. At least we’re still 7.13
winning. Dear Tom,
I won’t ask how you are – I remember all too well! I

7.12 Responses to bad news
know life’s no picnic right now, and all in all, you
1 A The bank won’t lend me any more money. I
haven’t exactly had an easy start in life.
wish I’d never started my own business!
B Cheer up! I’m sure it’ll all work out all right in My main advice is to stop wishing it had all been
the end. different. If it had, then you’d be different too, and
2 A I’m so disappointed I didn’t get the contract for hard as it is to believe, you’re actually just fine as you
that stadium. They’ve given it to another firm of are. In fact, it’s the difficult experiences you’ve had
architects. that will give you the strength and insight to make the
B You can’t win ’em all. And you could always most of the wonderful opportunities that are coming
get a job with the other firm. If you can’t beat your way.
’em, join ’em!
Not that it’s all a bed of roses from here on. There’ll
3 A I don’t think I’m ever going to make it as an
be no end of disappointments, but oh, if only you
actor. I failed another audition this morning.
could realize that they’re not as devastating as they
B It’s not the end of the world. Hang on in there
seem! You get so upset when things don’t go the way
and stay positive.
you think they need to! But hey, what gave you the
4 A I can’t believe what I’ve done! I sent an email
idea that you know the best script for your life story?!
moaning about my boss to her by mistake!
I’ve never worked out who or what writes the script,
B Don’t dwell on it. What’s done is done. And it’ll
or indeed if there really is one, but looking back, it
be forgotten in a few days.
does all seem to work out pretty neatly.
5 A I’d just had the plaster taken off my leg, and
For example, I know it’s a stretch to believe this right
now I’ve broken one of my fingers!
now, but you will get over Sara dumping you. I know

you think she’s your one and only, and yes, she is
8 Gender matters?
lovely, and drop-dead gorgeous, and the heartache 8.1 Are you a typical male or female?
won’t let up for quite some time. But boy, wait till you G = Girlfriend B = Boyfriend
see who comes along later! I won’t spoil it for you, G Let’s see – er … number 1 – oh yes definitely
but I promise, you’ll find it was well worth the angst- female – that’s so totally me. I have loads of
filled wait. One tip – shave off that ridiculous ’tache fabulous girlfriends – friends I’ve had since
now – she’ll admit later that it nearly put her off you. school.
You’ll make a few false starts with career choices, B But I do, too – all my school and uni male friends
but I’m not going to help you avoid them. If you did, go back years.
you might not appreciate just how lucky you are to G Yeah, but you can’t call you and your mates
have the job you’ll wind up doing. Well, OK, maybe typical, can you? All that male-bonding is kind of
you could quit the job packing frozen chickens a bit rare, don’t you think?
sooner … B Huh!
G What about number 2 – oh, now that is absolutely
It’ll all get better once you stop agonizing over what
a male thing – you’re the original ‘gadget man’.
everyone thinks of you. Look, your real friends will
B Hey – not just gadgets – I like people just as
always think generously of you. As for the others,
much as things.
truth be told, most of them are too busy fretting about
G I still think gadgets win for you. And … er, the next
themselves to give you much thought.
two – er, names and birthdays – we’re both
It’s how you feel about yourself that counts, and well, absolutely typical for our sex with those. I’m
I am you, and I certainly feel a lot of affection for you always the one who remembers birthdays and you
as I write this. …
Lots and lots of love, B OK, I know, I have a real problem with names and
birthdays …
Tom
G Huh! What about 5?
100
P.S. Find out what 10 is called, and when a B Everyone I know just texts these days.
company with a name that sounds like that appears, G Yeah – I don’t think that’s a male/female thing.
buy a few shares in it. Everyone texts all the time, but I do chat on the
phone more than you. There’s nothing like a really
good chat.
B If you say so! What’s next – number 6? Ah, yes!
I’m definitely good with numbers. I never have a
problem working out percentages.
G Me neither – I’m the one who studied maths,
remember!
B Huh! You never let me forget.
G Mm – and … – er, 7 and 8 – oh, spot on!
Everyone knows that women are much better at
multitasking and …

A The lack of female pilots.
B OK, I’ll give you that. And I know, I know, very B That’s true of many jobs.
typically, I do talk about sport rather a lot. d A Their two-bedroom flat, which has no garden,
G Rather a lot?! You and your mates never stop, felt terribly poky.
you go on and on and … B I bet it did, especially with twins.
B OK, OK – so we like our sport. Let’s look at e A The mum who he was talking to invited him
number 9. Now come on – you’ve got to admit you to the pub.
are a lousy navigator. That is surely typical for B Did she? What would his wife say?
many females. f A Officials hurried him through what’s normally
G I’m not that bad. Anyway, who needs maps? a long and tedious procedure.
Everyone has satnav these days. And … moving B Which procedure is that?
on, number 10 … yeah, definitely, I’m sympathetic A Oh, all the stuff you have to do and forms
to others and their feelings so 10 is spot on. you have to fill in when you’re looking for a
B That’s not fair – I’m a sympathetic kind of guy, I job.
understand people’s feelings.
8.3 Completing sentences
G OK, OK, you’re a nice guy. Oh, but look at 11 …
1 I don’t like children who always interrupt their
you do prefer to work alone and not in a team. But
then I do too actually, I’m not happy in a team and parents’ conversations and whose parents never
if I am in a team, I like to lead. Now, er, on to 12 – tell them to be more polite.

2 The journey from work to home, which is always a
oh, I definitely don’t do this. I like to talk about
stuff that’s worrying me, especially with my sister nightmare, took over three hours yesterday. I’m
going to have to change job or move house.
– you know what they say – ‘a problem shared …’
B Yeah … ‘is a problem halved’ – I know that. I just 3 Politicians who make impossible promises just to
get elected aren’t worth listening to.
don’t go around spilling out all my troubles – a
4 The Taj Mahal, which took 22 years to complete, is
typical bloke I suppose.
G Yeah – your mum complains to me that you keep built from exquisitely carved white marble.
5 These are the photographs my grandma gave me
too much to yourself. Anyway, let’s add up. How
of when she was a young girl with her grandma –
typical are we?
so that’s my great- great-grandma. Apparently, she
8.2 Defining and non-defining relative clauses was called Rosemary.
a A It was the passengers who exhibited 6 We docked at the small port on the coast of East
prejudice. Africa, where my parents lived 25 years ago, and
B I can believe that. where both my brother and I were born.
b A According to Aoife and her sister, who is also 7 My cousin, who’s afraid of heights, went
a pilot, reactions are more likely to come paragliding at the weekend. I thought he was mad,
from passengers. but he said it was fine – not the same as being on
B Two sisters who are pilots! That’s got to be a cliff or at the top of a tall building.
unusual. 8 We went on a cycling holiday in Wales, which I
c A It’s a cultural problem which needs to be really wasn’t keen to do, but in fact I had a great
tackled at an early age. time, despite the rain.
B What is?

checked lumberjack shirt – and he’s got his big

8.4 Present and past participles
sister’s pink tutu on. Bless him! I remember when
1 a Flights booked one month in advance have a
our Sam wanted a bow in his hair like Emma and
10% discount.
he loved wearing all those frocks she had for
b Booking your flight in advance gives you a better
dressing up, ’specially the Cinderella one.
deal.
Remember, we thought it was funny but Emma
2 a The new uniforms worn by the pilots looked very
poured scorn on him.
smart.
A Yeah, that’s what big sisters do. But this is
b Visitors wearing sleeveless tops will be denied
different – Max, he’s called Max, he hasn’t got a
entry.
sister. And it seems the pink tutu was bought
3 a We took a shortcut, saving an hour on our
specially for him. It says here that wearing frocks
journey time.
is all part of his parents’ plan to bring him up to be
b With the money saved from giving up smoking,
‘gender neutral’.
I’m buying a bike.
L ‘Gender neutral’? He’s a little boy. I don’t get it.
4 a Taking all things into account, I’ve decided to
Whatever does it mean?
resign.
A It’s supposed to be a radical new technique for
b Taken three times a day, these tablets will help
child-rearing, where boys and girls are treated
your allergy.
exactly the same. His mother, she’s called Lisa,
5 a I fell on the ice, injuring my wrist.
says … quote, ‘We’re doing it because gender
b The boy injured in the car accident is in hospital.
stereotyping can be so damaging. It teaches little
6 a Breaking promises leads to lack of trust.
boys to be aggressive’. Well – all I can say is that
b Broken promises lead to lack of trust.
I’m glad we didn’t know that when we were
7 a Giving away secrets won’t win you any friends.
bringing up our Sam.
b Given the chance, I’d love to work in New York.
L ‘Gender stereotyping’, eh? Well, I suppose there
8 a Growing up in the countryside is healthy for
could just be a point to that.
young kids.
A So … you think our son is aggressive!?
b Strawberries grown under polythene ripen more
L No, ’course not. Didn’t say that. Sam’s a
quickly.
smashing kid – he’s full of life. He’s your typical,
8.5 Bringing up Max happy, energetic, bolshy teenager. It’s just that …
A = Ali L = Luke S = Sam A It’s just what? And it’s a ludicrous idea. Max’s
A Have you seen this? Poor wee mite! parents are actively encouraging him to be more
L What? Who’s a ‘poor wee mite’? girl-like, and they’re not just keen for him to wear
A This poor kid – he’s just a toddler, one year old … girls’ clothes, but they also want him to play with
How can they do this to him? conventionally female toys … as well as boys’
L For goodness sake – who are ‘they’ and what on toys. I mean, they’re delighted if he wants to wear
earth have they done? a pink tutu and fairy wings. And … if he decides
A Just look at these pictures! not to play football and wants to paint his
L Er – yes – so … what are you bothered about? He fingernails with glittery polish, they will view it as a
looks really cute, don’t you think? I like his form of ‘cute self-expression’ – it says here.

L Why are they doing all this? A Yeah, and what will their parents be doing? It’s as
A They believe it will help boost his confidence. if they’re using their kids as guinea pigs. I don’t
L But how on earth is wearing a tutu a boost to a think it’s fair on the kids.
boy’s confidence? But look, you know as well as I S Hi, Mum! Hi, Dad! We won again! And I’m
do, all toddlers will have a go at anything that starving.
takes their fancy – doesn’t matter if it’s for boys or L Ah – there’s our flawless offspring! To the kitchen,
girls. They don’t care – they’re just too young to woman! Feed the boy!
bow to peer pressure. S Huh? What’s up with you two?
A Exactly that – you don’t have to actively
8.6 Dr Eugene Beresin
encourage toddlers one way or the other. They
just do their own toddler-thing. To raise a child not as a boy or a girl is creating, in
L Let me see this article … Oh, I remember that as some sense, a freak. The Canadian couple’s
well, don’t you? You know, that Canadian couple approach is a terrible idea because identity formation
a while back, they made the headlines when they is really critical for every human being and part of
refused to reveal the sex of their newborn baby. that is gender. There are many cultural and social
They called it ‘Storm’ and dressed it ‘neutrally’ so forces at play. Since the sexual revolution of the
that no one would stereotype it. 1970s, child development experts have embraced a
A Uh, that’s awful – I don’t mean calling the baby more flexible view of gender. Before that, the
Storm, but calling him or her ‘it’ all the time – stereotypes of boys were that they were self-
that’s not just awful, it’s weird. sufficient, non-empathetic, tough, and good at war.
L They said that what they were doing was, quote, Girls were trained to be empathetic and caring, and
‘a tribute to freedom and choice’. more nurturing. But since then, women have become
A Whose choice? Their choice – not the baby’s. It’s more competitive, aggressive, and independent, and
the same for this boy, Max – it’s not his choice. by the same token, men are allowed to cry. We often
see hulking football players who are bawling.
And what about when he goes to school? I mean,
what will …
8.7 Expressions with just
L Here we are! Yes, it’s just as I thought – Max’s
1 A Did you hear that? Andy called me ‘useless’ and
parents say that they are planning on home
‘inefficient’.
educating Max so that he won’t have to wear
B Don’t worry. He’s just as rude to me as you.
gender-specific clothes when he starts school.
2 A A pair of red socks! That’s just what I wanted!
A No surprise there. Don’t you think he’s in danger
B I’m so glad you like them. You can’t go wrong
of growing up to be a rather lonely, confused little
with socks as a present. They’re always useful.
boy?
A Yeah …
L Eh … that remains to be seen. How long can his
3 A Can I have mine black with two sugars?
parents keep this up, though? And those
B Ah … We’re just about out of coffee.
Canadian parents, I can’t believe they can carry
A Not to worry. Tea will do.
on calling their child ‘it’ forever. I’d like to see into
B Actually …
the future – what will these kids be like in ten
years’ time?

4 A Where are you? I expected you hours ago. 6 He always looks so content with his lot. /kənˈtent/
B I’m just leaving now. I got held up with a The content of your essay was excellent, but there
conference call. See you soon. were rather a lot of spelling mistakes. /ˈkɒntent/
5 A I come in shattered from work and look at the 7 The head teacher complained to the parents about
mess! You haven’t even washed up the their son’s conduct in class. /ˈkɒndʌkt/
breakfast things and … Simon Rattle is going to conduct the BBC
B Just listen to me for once! It isn’t my fault – the Symphony Orchestra this evening. /kənˈdʌkt/
baby was sick just after you left and I had to ring 8 Could you record the next episode for me? I’m out
the doctor, and … that night. /rɪˈkɔːd/
6 A Did you see that film Fargo on TV last night? He’s broken the Olympic world record for the 100
B I couldn’t watch it after the first few minutes. I metres. /ˈrekɔːd/
was just terrified!
8.9 Identify the clichés
7 A I’ve just heard the news. You got that job after
A Mum! Tommy’s fighting with Ryan again!
all!
B I know. I’m thrilled. I didn’t hear back for so long B Oh dear! But I suppose boys will be boys.
I thought they’d found someone else – then

A Bye, Gran! Jamie and I are off out for the evening.
suddenly I was called for a second interview.
8 A Hi! Great to see you! Oh, where’s Tom? B Have a great time! Don’t do anything I wouldn’t
B Tom couldn’t come, so it’s just me. do.
A Oh dear. You two haven’t fallen out again, have A I’m thinking of having another tattoo. A scorpion
maybe, just above where it says ‘I love Mum’?
you?
What do you think?
8.8 What did you hear? B Er, it’s not for me to say. At the end of the day, it’s
1 We’re sitting at the back, in row 102. /rəʊ/ your decision. You’ll have to live with it.
We’ve had another row about our finances. /raʊ/
8.10 The next line
2 That was never him singing live. He was miming.
1 A I just came across my very first girlfriend on
/laɪv/
‘Live and let live’ is my philosophy. /lɪv/ Facebook.
3 Close that window! There’s one helluva draught. B I bet that was a blast from the past. Are you
going to ‘friend’ her?
/kləʊz/
A Mmm – I’m not sure. Looks like she’s changed
You’re not close to getting the answer. /kləʊs/
4 I soon got used to working the late night shift. quite a lot.
2 A Larry’s failed his exams, Amy’s got the
/juːst/
chickenpox. Whatever next?
I don’t trust used-car dealers. I’d never buy a car
B Oh dear! Watch out! They say these things
from one. /juːzd/
5 It’s impossible to tear open this packet. Give me a come in threes.
A I don’t want to know that.
knife. /teə/
3 A Dad, I’ve been picked for the school football
A single tear ran silently down her cheek as she
team, first eleven!
waved goodbye. /tɪə/
B That’s my boy! Like father, like son.

8.11 The Princess and the Frog
A What do you mean? You only ever made the
One warm summer’s evening a beautiful, young
second eleven!
4 A If I offer to pay, she’ll say I’m old-fashioned. If I princess, feeling bored and lonely in the grand rooms
of the palace, decided to take a walk in the nearby
don’t, she’ll say I’m mean.
B Poor you! You’ll be damned if you do, and wood. With her she took her favourite plaything, a
golden ball, which she loved to toss up in the air and
damned if you don’t.
A Yeah, it’s a tricky situation. catch. After a while, she happened upon a shady
5 A I got a card from Jerry one week after my pool of spring water, so she sat herself down to enjoy
birthday. the cool and started idly throwing her golden ball high
B Oh, well. Better late than never. in the air, watching it glint in the evening sunlight –
A Humph! You think so? I’m afraid it’s the final she reached out to catch it, but, dazzled by the
brightness of the sun, she missed it and it splashed
straw.
6 A We’re having a complete break. A fortnight in down into the centre of the pond. Distraught, the
the Caribbean, St Lucia. princess leapt to her feet and, looking down into the
B Sounds like just what the doctor ordered. black depths of the water, she began to weep:
A In fact, the doctor did. He said Bill would have a ‘Alas!’ she lamented, ‘if I could only get my ball again,
breakdown if we didn’t take some time off. I’d give all my fine clothes and jewels and everything
7 A It took me ten years to build up my business. It that I have in the world.’
nearly killed me.
No sooner had she finished speaking when a frog’s
B Well, you know what they say, ‘No pain, no
head popped up out of the water, and he inquired,
gain.’
‘Princess, why are you weeping so bitterly?’
A Yes, but nothing is worth ruining your health for.
8 A I just need to go back in the house and make ‘Ugh!’ she thought, ‘A disgusting, slimy frog!’ But she
sure I’ve turned off the oven. sniffed and cried, ‘My golden ball is lost forever in the
B Good idea. Better safe than sorry. deep, dark water.’
A Yeah, otherwise I’d be worrying all the way The frog said, ‘I don’t want any of your finery; but if
through the film. you will love me, and let me live with you and eat
9 A They’ve got ten kids! Goodness knows what from your golden plate, and sleep on your bed, I will
their house is like. retrieve your ball.’
B The mind boggles. It doesn’t bear thinking
‘What ridiculous nonsense this silly frog is talking!’
about.
thought the princess. ‘He’ll never be able to leave the
A Yeah, I’ve only got two and it’s chaos most of
pond to visit me. However, he may be able to get my
the time.
ball.’ So she said to the frog, ‘If you bring me my ball,
10 A Bob’s a weird bloke. He’s going to live alone on
I’ll do all you ask.’
a remote Scottish island for a year.
B It takes all sorts. The frog dived deep into the water, and after a little
A You can say that again. while he emerged carrying the ball in his mouth, and
threw it onto the edge of the pond.

As soon as she had done this, the frog said, ‘Put your
The princess was overjoyed. She ran to pick up the
plate next to me so I may eat out of it.’
ball and, without any sign of gratitude or a backward
glance at the frog, ran home as fast as she could. This she did, and, when he had eaten as much as he
The frog called vainly after her, ‘Stay, princess! What could, he said, ‘Now I’m weary, take me upstairs, and
about your promise?’ But she ignored his plea. put me onto your bed.’ And most unwillingly the
princess picked him up and carried him up
‘Open the door, my princess dear,
to her room. She laid him on her pillow, where he
Open the door to thy true love here!
slept soundly all night long. Then, as dawn broke, he
And mind the words that thou and I said
jumped up, hopped down the stairs and out of the
By the fountain cool, in the greenwood shade.’ house.
The princess ran to the door and opened it, and there The princess sighed with relief, ‘Oh, at last he’s gone.
stood the frog. She had forgotten all about him and I’ll be troubled no more.’
now the sight of him frightened her. She slammed the
But she was mistaken, for when night came again
door in his face and hurried back to her seat.
she heard the same tapping at the door; and she
The king, alarmed at his daughter’s distress, asked heard the familiar croaky voice.
her what was the matter.
‘There is a disgusting, slimy frog at the door,’ she
said. ‘He helped me get my ball back when it fell into
And mind the words that thou and I said
the pond and I promised he could live with me here,
but … ’ By the fountain cool, in the greenwood shade.’
The frog knocked again and called out again: The princess opened the door and the frog came in,
slept on her pillow as before, till the morning broke.
This pattern continued for three nights and the lonely
princess became used to his company and spoke
And mind the words that thou and I said more kindly to him. On the third morning the frog
thanked her for her friendship and announced that he
By the fountain cool, in the greenwood shade.’
would be leaving her for good. He asked if she would
The king was an honourable man and he kiss him goodbye. Still a little reluctant, she closed
admonished his daughter, ‘If you have given your her eyes tightly and bent to kiss his slimy lips. To her
word, even to a frog, you must keep it; you must absolute amazement, when she opened her eyes
invite the frog in.’ again, she found herself gazing into the loving eyes
Very reluctantly she obeyed her father, and the frog of the most handsome prince. He told her his sad
hopped into the room, next to the table where the tale: a wicked fairy had turned him into a frog and
princess sat. cast him into the pond – only the kindness of a
princess for three days and nights could save him.
‘Lift me onto the chair and let me sit next to you,’ he
commanded the princess. ‘You,’ said the prince, ‘have broken the fairy’s cruel
spell, and now

R No, it’s basically aimed at the general public, and

I have nothing to wish for, but that you should go with
besides, she makes the point that we’re all far
me to my father’s kingdom, where we will marry, and
more musical than we might realize. I’m one of
love each other as long as we both live.’
those people she talks about who claim to be tone
The young princess was overjoyed. Hand in hand
deaf – apparently nearly a fifth of the population
they went together to see her father, who rejoiced at
believe that. But it’s unlikely to be true – less than
his daughter’s happiness. She took her leave of him
4% of people actually are tone deaf – they’re
sadly but full of excitement, and set out for the
called ‘amusics’ and suffer from a neurological
prince’s kingdom, where they married and lived
condition called ‘amusia’. It seems most people
happily ever after.
who say they can’t sing to save their lives just lack
confidence, probably from being told they couldn’t
sing when they were children.
9 The sound of music H So, there’s still hope for you, then?
R Well, I’m not banking on getting a recording
9.1 Film music
contract yet, but she reckons that a few singing
[Six music clips]
lessons would sort most people out. Anyway, the
9.2 What kind of film? thing I’d never thought about before is how
[One music clip] musical life is from the outset – that right back
when we were babies in the womb, we heard the
9.3 Recommended Reads Part 1 world as a kind of music, with rising and falling
H = Host, Clive Morrison R = Rosie Garnett sounds and rhythmic beats.
M = Matt Davis M That doesn’t mean that babies in the womb can
H Welcome to Recommended Reads. I’m Clive register musical patterns, though, does it?
Morrison, and my two guests this week are the R Well, yes, apparently they can. In one study they
philosopher Matt Davis. played a relaxing melody twice a day to mothers
M Hello. in the last weeks of pregnancy. They then played
H And TV cook Rosie Garnett. that melody to the babies when they were six
R Hello. weeks old, while they were asleep, and the
H Rosie, you’re going to start us off – which book babies’ heart rates dropped noticeably, showing
would you like to tell us about? that they felt more relaxed.
R I’m going to talk about You Are the Music. It’s by H Surely that could have happened even if they
Victoria Williamson, a music psychologist. To be hadn’t heard it before, though?
honest, it’s an unexpected choice for me, given R They did check for that, and while all babies
that I don’t consider myself a very musical person, showed some signs of relaxation when they
but I heard Victoria talking on another radio played the music, the effect was twice as strong
programme, and found it fascinating, so I decided with the babies who’d heard it in the womb, so
to read this book. they were recognizing it.
H Presumably it’s not for music specialists, then? H Amazing!

9.4 Recommended Reads Part 2
R And the other thing I hadn’t realized was how
H = Host, Clive Morrison R = Rosie Garnett
important musical awareness is to learning a
M = Matt Davis
language, and again, that’s something that babies
R Another thing I could really relate to was what the
register very early. Apparently, babies cry in their
own language! book says about music and life memories, that
M What do you mean? different pieces of music become a soundtrack to
R It’s been shown in another study that French our lives. As I said, I don’t see myself as someone
who’s especially into music, but if I hear certain
babies cry with more rising pitches, whereas
German babies’ cries have a more of a falling songs, they take me back to different periods of
my life immediately, and very vividly.
pitch, and that reflects the most common
H Do you think that’s true for all periods of your life,
intonation patterns that adult speakers of those
even childhood?
languages use.
H How funny! R Yes, and for that matter, it seems that the earlier
R And then you realize how important intonation is you go back, the more powerful the memory! The
for early communication – I mean, just listen to book emphasizes that music plays a very big role
people talking to babies and small children. We in the life of adolescents – teenage girls in
call it ‘baby talk’, but in the book she calls it IDS, particular say that music is an important way of
Infant Directed Speech. We all do it with babies to regulating their moods, at a time when emotions
some extent, and it is very musical – big rises do tend to go haywire.

M It’s an important way of defining what group you
from low to high pitch, and a really strong
belong to, too. R Yes, that’s interesting, because
rhythmic pattern. ‘Look who’s here to see you!’
And we do it because babies respond to it so well it’s an important way of defining your individuality
as a teenager to say, ‘I’m into heavy metal, or
– they just love it, smiling and giggling away. I
realize I still do it with my four-year-old when I soul, or rap music’, but at the same time it gives
you an important sense of belonging to a group,
want to communicate something with a lot of
feeling – ‘Don’t do that!’, and ‘It’s OK – Mummy’s which adolescents crave. It becomes quite tribal,
and most teenagers can’t bear the ‘wrong’ type of
here!’
M So what happens with those people who truly are music. I love the fact that in Montreal, the
authorities were trying to stop large groups of
tone deaf, then? Does that make language
learning difficult? young people hanging around in underground
R Well yes, they can struggle to recognize what’s stations, and they eventually hit upon the solution
being implied by different pitch and intonation of playing classical music!

H Oh, brilliant!
patterns. Maybe they can’t hear much difference
R You can also really see the power of musical
between ‘Brilliant!’ and ‘Brilliant!’
memory with people suffering from dementia. I
checked out some videos about this on YouTube,
and it really is incredible. There’s this one guy in a
nursing home who’s completely lifeless, he barely
speaks to anyone, and he can hardly remember
anything about his past life, and yet, if the nurses

play some music from his past, he suddenly be tone deaf – apparently nearly a fifth of the
comes to life, his eyes light up, he starts moving population believe that.
to the music, singing it, and even when it’s
9.6 Star Voices
finished, he keeps talking about all the memories
A Have you been watching Star Voices?
associated with it.
B Well, funnily enough, I’ve just got into it. I caught
M I’ve seen something similar. It seems to connect
with something very deep in the brain. last week’s show, and, predictably, I’m hooked.
A So did you see the semi-final last night?
R Yes, I learned that there’s a bit of the brain called
B No, unfortunately I was out, but I’ve recorded it.
the amygdala, which is linked to our deepest
Was it good?
emotional responses, and music has a direct
A Well, actually I was a bit disappointed. Bizarrely,
channel to that. That’s why film music is so
Anna, the blonde girl, didn’t get through to the
powerful – it can make you cry or feel scared in a
way that the film scenes wouldn’t do on their own. final, even though she was obviously the best by
And after all, someone did once say that far. Surprisingly, she seemed fine about it,
essentially music is recorded emotion. though.
H So has it changed your attitude to music, Rosie, B Oh, she was my favourite, too! Well, no doubt
reading this book? she’ll get a recording contract anyway. Amazingly,
R Er, yes, I guess it has. It’s made me realize it’s her performance from last week has had over a
never too late to learn to play a musical million YouTube hits.
instrument, so I have a nice fantasy of me playing

9.7 Discourse markers
the piano, and above all, it’s made me feel less
1 I’d thoroughly recommend that new pizzeria – the
self-conscious about not knowing much about
pizzas are amazing! Mind you, it’s expensive.
music – I realize I can enjoy a piece of classical
2 I can’t go skiing so soon after my accident – it’s too
music, even though I don’t know anything about
much of a risk. Besides, I can’t really afford it.
the composer, or the musical form and period it
3 Why are you worried about asking Tom to lend you
was written in.
the money? Surely he wouldn’t say no to you – it
H Well, you’ve certainly made me want to read this
would be very unlike him.
book. Thank you. Now Matt, tell us about your
4 A Tina must be upset about not getting promoted.
book …
B Actually, she doesn’t seem to care that much.
9.5 Recommended Reads - extract 5 The builders have done the job pretty quickly,
R = Rosie Garnett C = Clive Morrison given that the weather’s been poor.
R To be honest, this book is an unexpected choice 6 I think you expect too much of Amy – you need to
be realistic about her behaviour. After all, she’s still
for me, given that I don’t consider myself a very
musical person. a teenager.
7 Guess what? Simon’s finally got a new girlfriend!
C Presumably it’s not for music specialists, then?
R No, it’s basically aimed at the general public, and Apparently, he met her at a conference.
8 So I reckon that’s why Petra’s looking so happy
besides, she makes the point that we’re all far
these days. Anyway, I guess I’d better be going.
more musical than we might realize. I’m actually
one of those people she talks about who claim to

9.9
9 It would be great if you got into drama school. By 1 A Hello. Your face looks familiar. Have we met
the way, have you heard about Robin’s plan to before?
move abroad? B Actually, I don’t think we have.
10 We didn’t see a single whale or dolphin on our 2 I’d like to be famous – all those girls wanting to go
whale-watching cruise! Still, at least the weather out with you, all those parties. Mind you, it must be
was good. awful never having any privacy.
3 We forgot to take the satnav with us and didn’t
9.8 Have you heard?
have a road map in the car, and inevitably, we got
L = Lisa M = Matt
completely lost.
L Have you heard that Jan is thinking of marrying
4 Yes, it was one of the best matches I’ve seen, and
Simon?
they deserved to win it. By the way, are you going
M Surely not? She’s only known him three months!
to Jeff’s leaving do on Friday?
And quite honestly, I’m not sure what she sees in
5 A Why has Susan split up with Peter?
him.
B Well, basically, she was fed up with him working
L I know what you mean. Mind you, the money must
all the time.
help – after all, he is a millionaire. Where did he
6 A That was such a good film, wasn’t it?
get his money from?
B To tell you the truth, I didn’t really enjoy it. It was
M Apparently, he made a fortune from an app he
too long, and I thought the plot was pretty
created – that’s what I heard.
implausible.
L I’m surprised he wants to get married, given that
7 I’ve just had my blood pressure checked.
he’s been married three times before.
Alarmingly, it’s way higher than it should be.
M Actually, I think it’s just twice.
8 You can’t really make judgements about Maria’s
L Well, you’d think that was enough. Presumably,
work performance at this point. After all, she’s only
they’ll have a huge wedding.
been in the job for a month.
M Of course they will. Still, good luck to them. By the
9 I can’t believe that Colin is thinking of buying your
way, did you hear that Sara and Jeff had a car
old heap of a car! Surely he’s not that stupid
accident?
10 I’m not keen to go away on holiday next month. I’d
L Oh no! What happened?
like to do some work on the house, and I don’t
M It wasn’t too serious. They skidded into a tree, but
want to be too far away from my parents at the
luckily they weren’t going fast. The car’s a write-
moment. Besides, I can’t afford it.
off, but at least neither of them was injured.
L Thank goodness for that. I should get in touch 9.10 The night I heard Caruso sing
with Sara, but I haven’t got her new email The highlands and the lowlands are the routes my
address. father knows,
M I can give it to you. As a matter of fact, I’ve got it The holidays at Oban and the towns around
on my phone – let me have a look. Yes, here it is. Montrose
I’ll forward it to you. But even as he sleeps, they’re loading bombs into
L Thanks. Anyway, I must be going. Nice to talk to the hills,
you. And the waters in the lochs can run deep, but never
M And you. Bye. still.

I’ve thought of having children, but I’ve gone and 9 I like fantasy video games because people don’t
changed my mind, usually fight with guns – they use swords.
It’s hard enough to watch the news, let alone explain 10 My car’s broken down – could you give me a tow to
it to a child. the garage?
To cast your eye ’cross nature, over fields of rape 11 Let’s visit Jenny in hospital. I’ll find out which ward
and corn, she’s on.
And tell him without flinching not to fear where he’s 12 That door won’t open if you pull it – you have to
been born. push.
Then someone sat me down last night and I heard 9.12 Rhyming expressions
Caruso sing. 1 We spent five hours on Oxford Street. We really
He’s almost as good as Presley and if I only do one shopped ’til we dropped!
thing, 2 I can’t understand the appeal of a hiking holiday in
I’ll sing songs to my father, I’ll sing songs to my child. Iceland! I guess it’s horses for courses!
It’s time to hold your loved ones while the chains are 3 We actually saw all the stars after the film! They
loose, were doing a quick meet-and-greet in the cinema

foyer!
And the world runs wild.
4 No, I did not cheat at all when I beat Jim at tennis. I
won fair and square!
But even as we speak, they’re loading bombs onto a 5 Gosh, it’s hard to remember how popular this
white train, prime minister was after the election. He’s gone
How can we afford to ever sleep so sound again? from hero to zero in less than six months.
6 We’re not inviting too many people to the wedding
9.11 – just our nearest and dearest.
1 My team are playing tonight. They’re rubbish at the 7 You should go to Paris for a weekend if your
moment, so I’m sure they’re going to lose. French is getting rusty – use it or lose it!
2 I didn’t find the exam easy! I thought it was really 8 We couldn’t get into the bar to buy a drink during
tough. the interval – it was chock-a-block.
3 We should have got a free kick before they scored 9 Derek is full of plans and ideas, but he needs to
that goal – it was a definite foul. walk the talk and show us what he can do.
4 We didn’t drive back the same way, we took a 10 I want to know exactly which companies are
different route. avoiding paying tax in this country – they should be
5 Ugh! Keith dropped his burger on the floor, picked named and shamed!
it up and carried on eating it – it was really gross!
6 I don’t mind where we go on holiday this year –
you can choose.
7 After six days of constant heavy rain, there were
terrible floods.
8 The apples on that tree aren’t ready to eat yet –
they taste really sour.

9.13 Sentence stress 9.16 Stress and intonation
Mum makes cakes. A Queen’s Hall, how can I help?
Our mum makes cakes. B Could I book some tickets for the flamenco
Our mum makes the cakes. concert on Saturday?
Our mum’ll make the cakes. A I’m afraid the Saturday concert is sold out.
Our mum’ll be making the cakes. B Oh, really? How disappointing! So are there
Our mum’ll be making all the cakes. tickets for other dates?
A Yes. We’ve got four tickets left for Sunday. Would
9.14 Sentence stress
you be interested in those?
Listen and repeat. B Yes, that would be great. I only need two tickets.
Mum makes cakes. A Would you like seats in the stalls or the circle?
Our mum makes cakes. B How much are the seats in the circle?
Our mum makes the cakes. A They’re £20. The ones in the stalls are £40, but
Our mum’ll make the cakes. they’re fantastic seats, very near the stage.
Our mum’ll be making the cakes. B I’ll take the seats in the stalls, then. Can I pay by
Our mum’ll be making all the cakes. debit card?
A Of course. Could I take your card details? What’s
9.15 Using keywords
the number on the front?
A Queen’s Hall … help?
B It’s 5610 5910 8101 8250.
B Book tickets, flamenco Saturday?
A And the security number on the back?
A Saturday sold out.
B 713.
B Really? Disappointing! Tickets other dates?
A Thank you. Could you make sure you bring that
A Yes. Four, Sunday. Interested?
card when you collect the tickets?
B Yes, great. Two tickets.
B Certainly. Thanks for your help.
A Stalls, circle?
A You’re welcome.
B How much circle?
A £20. Stalls £40, fantastic seats, near stage.
B Take stalls. Debit card?
A Of course. Card details? Number, front?
10 Body and mind
B 5610 5910 8101 8250. 10.1 How well do you know your body?
A Security number, back? 1 Every day the average person loses between 50–
B 713. 100 hairs, but you would have to lose over 50% of
A Thank you. Bring card, collect tickets? the hairs on your head before anyone would
B Certainly. Thanks help. notice. Blondes have more hair – about 140,000
A Welcome. hairs on their head. Brunettes average about
110,000, people with black hair about 108,000 and
redheads come in last with about 80,000 average
hairs on their head.

2 The average adult heart is about the size of two made it impossible for the baby to be born. As
fists. The main artery from the heart, the aorta, is adults, we are about 1 cm taller in the morning
about the diameter of a garden hose. The human than in the evening, when our joints have settled
heart creates enough pressure to squirt blood up to and become thinner.
a distance of 30 feet.
10.2 Dr Martin Crispin
3 Nerve impulses to and from the brain travel as fast
1 A leading private surgeon is reported to be under
as 250 miles per hour – the fastest messages are
investigation for fraud.
to the brain’s pain receptors, telling you that that
2 Dr Martin Crispin is believed to own three private
metal is hot! It’s a common myth that we only use a
clinics in London.
small part of our brain. It may be as little as 10%
3 Dr Crispin and his colleagues are said to charge up
when resting, but during the course of a typical
to £1,000 for a consultation.
day, we use 100% of our brain.
4 According to a study by the Mayo Clinic in the US, 4 Dr Crispin was supposed to have qualified in South
the three most common reasons for visits to the Africa. 5 He is now known never to have trained as
doctor are: skin complaints, joint problems, for a surgeon.

6 His medical certificates are now assumed to be
example, arthritis, and back problems. Another
common complaint is referred to by doctors as fakes.
7 He was considered to be a specialist in cosmetic
TATT (T, A, double T) – ‘tired all the time’.
5 Fingernails grow roughly twice as fast as toenails, surgery.
8 Dr Crispin is understood to have been sued
and both now grow 25% more than they did 70
recently by five different patients.
years ago, as a result of our protein-rich diet. The
9 Two of his colleagues are alleged to have
fastest growing nail is on the middle finger. The
performed surgery while drunk.
longer the finger, the faster the nail grows.
6 Most people blink around 15 times a minute, but 10 The doctor and his wife are presumed to have
gone into hiding this morning.
that reduces by a half when staring at a computer
screen, which is why long-term computer users
10.3 Down to earth with a bump Part 1
often suffer from dry eye syndrome. It increases
I = Interviewer GA = Guy Anderson
when lying. Babies blink only twice a minute.
I So you took off OK. What went wrong?
7 Children have three times as many taste buds as
GA Yeah, I took off fine, and I was doing very well in
adults, which is why they often find bitter
the race, I was going along, erm, with a bunch of
vegetables inedible, and why older people enjoy
others, and it was getting progressively windier,
them more. The number of taste buds varies
and we were jumping from one mountain range
widely between people, with some people having
to mountain range, and, erm, I split up with the
four or five times as many as others. By the age of
people I was flying with, and I got stuck in a little
60, most people will have lost about a half of their
windy valley, and I got lower and lower, and
taste buds.
really, er where the wind mixes with the
8 Babies are born with 50% more bones than adults
mountainscape, you get a lot of turbulence, and
have. Many of these bones then fuse together,
I was just at the wrong height. We carry a
making larger bone structures that would have
reserve with us, and normally you can throw

your reserve if you, if it, if it, the wind collapses yards into the grass, and then that came right
… down to just twigs around me, and …
I So that would be a parachute effectively? I Why was that happening?
GA A parachute, yeah, and you can come down GA It was shock, and I had this weird voice saying,
under that, or normally the wing will reopen itself ‘Oh Guy, this is a classic sign of shock, you
anyway, but I was at the height where the need oxygen now,’ and I said, out loud, ‘Ooh,
reserve wouldn’t open, and it was still high that’s lucky, I’ve got some oxygen with me,’ so I
enough to hurt when I hit the ground. reached into my pack – we fly very, very high in
I So how far did you fall, do you think? Idaho, so you do need oxygen from time to time
GA Probably about 60 feet, I should think. – so I reached into my pack, found my oxygen
I Oh my goodness. And what was the impact like? tube, turned it on full blast, and snorted some of
What do you remember of it? that, and, er, ten minutes later I was, it’s like a
GA I remember bouncing quite a lot. And I rolled computer rebooting and all my vision came
over a few times and came to, came to rest back, and …
underneath a few bushes, and, er, but generally I How did you know that?
I was pretty well bashed up. I’d broken all the GA I didn’t know it. I just, it must have gone in at
ribs on my left, er, my pelvis in about five places, some point.
and my left arm completely snapped off, my, the I Some instinct?
humerus, the ball joint on my, … GA Yeah, and I’d remembered it.
I Goodness, you must have been in terrible pain, I That’s tremendous. That’s quite amazing. And
weren’t you? did you have any way of calling for help? Did
GA So I was in a lot of pain, er, and I was a bit you have a radio, did you have a mobile
shocked, really, er … telephone?
I You were wearing sunglasses, weren’t you, as GA No, I’d punctured a lung as well, so I did yell,
well at the time? ‘Help!’ but it didn’t come out very loud.
GA Yeah, my sunglasses, my nice new sunglasses
dug into my nose and so my face was bleeding
quite a lot. And, so yeah, generally bashed up.
So when you, kind of came to a standstill, what GA Er, I had a mobile phone, but there was no
I
was going through your mind? signal, I had a radio, but that obviously
GA Erm, well I just looked around and checked that I malfunctioned when I hit the ground, and, erm, I
was still alive. I checked my, all my limbs, and, had no, what I did need was a satellite tracker,
erm, the organizers of the competition had given
er, thought well, basically, I’m bashed, but I’m
not, er, you know, I’m still here. I had a strange us trackers, but that, they worked off the mobile
thing where my eyesight started to degrade. Er, phone signal, and that didn’t work either, so I
I’d been looking around the clouds and the was completely stuck in the …
I You’re completely isolated, in the middle of
mountains just to see if anybody had seen me
crash, and there was nobody, and then after a nowhere, no means of communication. Did you
while, all I could see was maybe a hundred panic?

GA Er, no, I just lay there, I got … made myself as GA Well, it didn’t like … also my canopy was fluffing
comfortable as I could in my harness, and around in the wind, so it didn’t like that either, so
thought, well if I get rescued, er, before, before it didn’t come any closer. I heard it later in the
dark, I might get away with my wife and kids not, night, crashing about in the trees below me but,
not finding out about what a predicament I was er …
in. I I bet you didn’t get much sleep.
I But you didn’t get rescued before dark, did you? GA No, I sort of, a bit fitful.
You had to spend the night there. What was that
night like?
GA Well, that was, as it, I was sort of quite
I Then the next day, you decided to get moving,
comfortable …
I It was the first night in fact, wasn’t it? didn’t you?
GA Yeah, the first night, and so I crashed at about GA Yeah, I decided that you can, you can’t last that
three o’clock in the afternoon, and the first night, long without water, I had a few litres of water,
it was fine, I was reasonably comfortable, and I and it looked like there was a nice river at the
just thought, I was starting to nod off, to have a bottom of the valley, so, er, I thought at least if I
snooze, and, erm, then I heard this awful could get next to the water, I’d be fine, and, er …
I How did you move, though, you’d broken your
growling noise.
I Right! What did you think that was? pelvis?
GA I didn’t know what it was, I looked up behind me, GA Yeah, I pushed with my good arm and pulled
with my legs and I managed to make my way
sort of, I could just crane my neck round, and
saw, up on the side of the hill, a huge great big through the grass, and, it was quite painful, but
er …
bear …
Ah … I Quite painful? It’s setting my teeth on edge just
I
GA So, er, that really concentrated the mind for a thinking about that!
GA But I got, I got all the way down to the bottom of
while, so I tried to make where I was look to the
the valley, and, er, it was completely dry, so I
bear like it was a little hunting camp, so I took
pictures with my mobile, the flash on my mobile knew I had to start walking somehow, so I
reached out a hand and there was this amazing
phone …
I What, trying to frighten it with the light? stick, erm, so it took me a couple of hours, very
GA Yeah, and I sang, She’ll be coming round the painful hours, to get to my feet, erm …
I Two hours to get to your feet?
mountain when she comes.
Because you thought the noise would frighten GA Yep. Erm, but this, with this stick, armed with the
I
the bear off? stick I was able to make very slow progress, I’d
GA Yeah, well I just hoped that they would think that move the stick, swing one leg, swing the other
there were maybe more than one person. one, and on I go, so I made about a mile that,
I And is that what happened? Did the bear go that day, and, erm, in the evening it, the, er, the
away and leave you? weather started to break down and it’s a very
desert area and it hardly ever rains there, but
that evening there was a huge, huge

thunderstorm, so I just lay on the ground and got I Goodness, and what about your family, you said
completely drenched, erm, with this thunder and you’d hoped that they might not find out,
lightning going on all night. presumably they’d have been told and they’d be
I What was the first clue that you might be going very worried.
to be rescued? GA They had a horrible 24 hours at home, er, all
GA Erm, the first clue was the next day, I heard a waiting, they were, they were very stoic and
helicopter, er, coming into my valley, erm, at quite brilliant, er, and, we’re a very close family
about three in the afternoon, and, erm, I, it came and, er, it was very difficult for them, I know.
into my valley and then flew straight out the I And I gather that after the rescue you updated
other side, so I just thought, well, they’ve missed your Facebook profile with the words ‘Guy
me and that’s the end of that. But in fact there Anderson is World Champion Hide and Seek
was a friend of mine, Russell Ogden, a very old Winner’ …
paraglider, he’s a bit of a legend in the GA Yeah.
paragliding world, and he had seen me out of I … which shows a sense of humour!
the corner of his eyes – he’s got terrible GA A few people thought I actually was.
eyesight, but he’d still seen me, and he’d yelled I How long did it take you to recover from your
at the helicopter pilot to go round, they went injuries?
round and landed, and I didn’t hear that because GA Er, it, I’d, where I’d crashed I’d actually just got
there was a bend in the valley and they’d enough points to get me into the big race of the
landed, erm, seen my canopy and landed, but, year, which is the World Cup Superfinal, so I
Russ jumped out of the helicopter, and nearly had between August when I crashed and
broke an ankle, and, erm, then raced down, saw January when the Superfinal was, to get better
my track and raced down the valley, find, trying enough to compete in the, the big race of the
to find me, and, erm … year, so I, er, yeah, just, just under six months.
I And what did you find out later about the nature I And you had no doubt at all about going back?
of the search operation that had been launched, GA I had plenty of doubts, and, er, I, I, it’s really, er,
’cos, I mentioned earlier, it was quite an the worst thing is for my family, and, er, I know
extensive operation. that I put them through hell, but it’s, er, a horrible
GA There was a huge operation going on. I had no addiction that I have to flying, but it does put you
idea, but there were probably a hundred people in places that, erm, you can only dream of and,
up in the mountains all out on mo-, mountain erm, I can’t stop it.
bikes and, erm, there were light planes up, there I Guy, it’s an amazing story, thank you very much
were just people on their days off who, who’d indeed for joining us.
heard about it and were out looking and it was,
10.6 Meanings of quite
erm, when eventually I got found, the helicopter
A It was quite brilliant!
eventually came down the valley and did find
B It was quite good!
me, erm, when it went out on the radio there
C It was quite good.
were whoops of, er, of joy amongst the people
looking, so it was a great, big moment …

9 The government talks as if they’re concerned

10.7 Meanings of quite
about the environment, but they’re just paying lip
1 A That lesson wasn’t as dull as I expected.
service.
B Yes, it was quite interesting!
10 These candlesticks aren’t easy to clean – you’ll
2 A Emma’s not an easy child to deal with, is she?
need a bit of elbow grease.
B Oh, she can be quite impossible sometimes!
3 A I noticed that Bob wasn’t exactly thrilled with his
10.9 Verbs to do with the body
birthday present.
1 Oh, lovely cat …
B He seemed quite pleased.
2 Oh, how lovely to see you again!
4 A They charge £1.30 for a small bottle of water.
3 Psst! Look over in the corner at what that man’s
Don’t you think that’s silly?
wearing!
B It’s quite ridiculous!
4 Phugh! Puh! Ugh, sorry, I really couldn’t eat that!
5 A It’s a lovely day for February, isn’t it?
5 Gulp! Mmm, these tablets are huge!
B Yes, it’s quite warm!
6 Yes! Yes! Definitely!
6 A So I hear the exam wasn’t as much of a
7 How dare you!
challenge as you expected?
8 Mmm? It’s cinnamon, I think. Or maybe cloves.
B Well, it was quite difficult.
9 Move over!
7 A So you decided to rent the room. You didn’t find
10 Terrific! Well played!
it too small?
11 Stop it! Give up!
B No, I thought it was quite big!
12 Could you step this way, sir? And hold out your
8 A It’s not like any other café, this one, is it?
arms …
B No, it really is quite unique!
10.10 Intonation on question tags
10.8 Words to do with the body
But you didn’t get rescued before dark, did you?
1 Come on, don’t let it all get you down. Keep your
You must have been in terrible pain, weren’t you?
chin up!
2 I tried to persuade Pete, but he dug his heels in You decided to get moving, didn’t you?
and refused to change his mind.
3 I find it hard to stomach when politicians half my 10.11 Tags in conversation
age start preaching to me. a You’ve made a mess of this, Prime Minister,
4 It varies, but as a rule of thumb, I’d allow 20 haven’t you?
minutes a mile on this walk. b So you left your homework on the bus, did you?
5 The teachers in my school were pretty strict – they c Try some of my bread! That’s a damn fine loaf,
made us toe the line. that is!
6 How dare he expect me to tidy up after him! What

10.12
a cheek!
1 A You will be careful, won’t you? (concern)
7 I’m ashamed about it all, but I’m glad I’ve told you.
B Of course I will. It’s not a very difficult climb – it’s
I needed to get it off my chest.
only 3,000 metres.
8 The boys stood on one side of the room, eyeing up
the girls on the other side.

B It sure is. I grind the beans myself.
2 A So, you were out with Lisa last night, were you? 14 A Let’s eat, shall we? (enthusiasm)
(teasing) B Yes, I’m starving!
B What if I was? And I’m certainly not going to tell
10.13
you what happened!
3 A You meant to kill the victim, Mr Jones, didn’t 1 A You haven’t seen my car keys, have you?
B No. You had them this morning.
you? (aggressive, accusation)
B I absolutely did not. It was a horrible accident. A That doesn’t mean I know where they are now
4 A I’ve been a bit stupid, haven’t I? (sheepish though, does it?

B Well, let’s look in the places you usually leave
embarrassment)
B You haven’t! It’s so easy to be taken in by them, shall we?
A I’ve already done that.
Internet scams.
B And … here they are. Now, that wasn’t hard,
5 A You’re lazy, you are. (disapproval)
B Am I? Says who? Mr Isn’t-it-time-for-another- was it?
A Oh, thanks. You’re a star, you are!
coffee-break?
6 A So these are the spacious bedrooms, are they? 2 A You’ve forgotten the shopping list, haven’t you?
B Yes, I have.
(disbelief)
B Indeed they are. Though the other estate agent A But I gave it to you as we were leaving, didn’t I?
B Yeah. But I’ve left it on the kitchen table.
did describe them as ‘compact’.
7 A That can’t be right, can it?! (disbelief) A You’re so forgetful, you are!
B Er, it is. We did have starters, and we’ve had B Oh, and you’re perfect, are you?
quite a lot to drink.

8 A I always do a good job, I do. (confidence)
11 Our high-tech world
B Do you? Well, I think Mr Johnson will have the
final say on that. 11.1 Pete talking about his tech – Me and my tech
9 A Oh yeah, camping will really appeal to Jo, won’t I’m totally at sea without my phones. I have two, er,
it? (sarcasm) for personal stuff and work. And these days I use my
B Well, it will have to. We can’t afford to stay in a tablet – an Apple iPad, for writing stuff more than I
hotel this year. use my computer. I think it’s easier. I’m a bit of an
10 A So that’s all the help I’m getting, is it? Apple ‘fanboy’. I have the iPad, the iPhone and the
(frustration) iMac. And I have literally hundreds of apps – lots of
B It is, I’m afraid. I’ve painted three walls! I really weather apps and games. My favourite game is
have to pick up the kids from school now. Defender. It’s because it’s the game I played as a
11 A It won’t hurt, will it? (anxiety) child … when computer games first came out. My
B Not much. It’s a very small needle. wife says I’m the original gadget man – you name it
12 A I went and beat him, didn’t I?! (surprised pride) and I have it. I like PlayStations for games, fitness
B Did you! Wow, well done! Those tennis lessons gadgets like Withings, and wireless weighing scales
were obviously worth it! – I’ve kind of started to take my health seriously –
13 A Mmm. That’s a proper cup of coffee, that is. must be an age thing. Oh, and music gadgets like
(satisfaction) Sonos. I have a Sonos system at home – yeah, and I

stream music everywhere, downstairs and in our like to time travel a hundred years into the future, just
bedroom. I use Spotify and Internet radio for this, but to see what happens technology-wise. What on earth
I still have a ‘normal’ radio in my car and a satnav, of will the world be like?
course. I have two – one in my car and one on my
11.2 The Internet of Things: You and Yours
phone. It’s much better ’cos it gives traffic info as
P = Presenter CP = Christian Payne
well. I haven’t used a map for ages.
WW = William Webb
I suppose in some ways I’m a techno geek, but I’m
P This is You and Yours, Radio 4’s consumer
not a great social networker, although I have used
programme … If you’ve got a smartphone and a
LinkedIn for work and jobs. Erm, one thing I could do
laptop, they’ll be connected to the Internet when
without is so many emails – I
they’re switched on and it’s predicted that by
get thousands a week, mainly work, but it really bugs 2020 lots and lots of other things we use will
me the way colleagues in the same office email you also be connected. Things as varied as rubbish
rather than pick bins, car parks, roads and fridges. It’s being
called ‘The Internet of Things’ and Ofcom, the
up the phone or walk over and have a proper
communications regulator, is predicting that up
conversation. It’s weird – technology both connects
to 50 billion things will be linked to the Web by
you and isolates you at the same time – you can
the end of this decade. Lots of people have stuff
connect with friends and family all over the world –
that’s linked already. Here’s Christian Payne –
you can Facebook or Skype them – and that’s great,
he’s a technology blogger.
but then you see couples in restaurants, both on their
CP It’s early days for The Internet of Things and yet
phones and not communicating with each other. My
there are so many ‘things’ talking on the Internet
wife and I make a point of conversing fiercely across
right now, more things than people in fact. I’m
the table when we’re out together, more than we do
stood at the side of a busy road in London and it
at home.
wouldn’t surprise me at all to find out that many
There’s so much tech around already, it’s difficult to
of these cars and vehicles are at this moment
keep pace with it all, so I have no idea what the
connected to the Internet, whether it be through
future holds. Time travel would be brilliant – I’d like to
their tracking devices or their navigation apps,
go backwards, not forwards – maybe to just after the
which are logging and reporting and recording
war in London – that would be interesting, or better
data not just for the user in the vehicle, but also
still, back to a really great Wimbledon tennis final. I’m
other people wanting to know about traffic
not sure about 3D printers, er, my son, he’s eight,
conditions and journey times ahead. I personally
says he’d use one to make all the Lego bits he’s lost
use an app that does this, an app which has
– sounds like a good idea to me. I suppose the future
been in the news a lot recently called ‘Waze’, I
is this ‘Internet of Things’ thing – you know, where
find it vital for me to get to where I want to go
you can run your whole house via the Internet – sit at
faster and quicker. It also notifies me in real time
work and turn the oven on or mow the lawn with a
should there be speed traps, but obviously I
robot lawnmower – but heck, we’ll all become so
drive within the parameters of the law. I can also
unfit, so unhealthy. Mind you, I suppose I’ll still have
see other drivers using the same app and it’s
my fitness app. Actually, I’ve changed my mind – I’d

kind of comforting to know that there are people revolution’s about to happen to us. Do you think
as geeky as me logging data as they drive. it is?
Around my neck at the moment I have an WW I think it is, but it’s more gonna happen to
‘autographer’, an automatic camera, which for machines than to us. Now of course we interact
bloggers, it’s a normal device. It enables you to with machines a lot, so what we’ll notice is lots
… to document your day in images which can of things just working better – er, our car will
connect to your mobile phone and be shared take us better to the place we want to get to; our
very easily to social spaces where you can keep washing machine will work better – but I don’t
a record of events, that you want to remember think it will impact us as obviously and as
personally, but you can also share that with immediately as something like the iPhone and
anybody with an Internet connection. the change to smartphones did, and indeed the
I’m standing in Regent’s Park and just in the last whole idea of this really is to work in the
minute I’ve seen 15 or so runners passing me background to make our world a better, easier
by, all wearing the same kind of technology I place to live in, rather than to be in our face the
have around my neck – a fitness computer, whole time.
some of them are just using their mobile P We had some practical examples there from
devices, some of them have wristbands, but Christian Payne, but tell us what would be the
what these little computers are doing are logging benefit of a fridge communicating with the Net.
speed, location in some instances, how many WW Oh, the fridge has been an example that’s been
calories they’re burning, how active they are and quoted for so long it’s almost become a joke,
this will stream to the Internet perhaps through hasn’t it? Erm – there are a lot of reasons why
their mobile device and enable them to compete we might want to start connecting many of our
with their friends. If I’m sat too long at my desk white goods in our home. Most of those actually
in my office, I can get a notification from a friend revolve around either maintenance or energy
telling me maybe I should get up and have a usage so, for example, the fridge could know
walk. I really like this peer pressure, forcing me that its compressor was starting to labour harder
to be more active. This is just the beginning of and as a result it was probably going to break at
connecting our bodies to the Internet in this way. some time in the next few months. In fact, it’s
Health is gonna … gonna to be revolutionized by quite easy to spot imminent breakdown of those
where we choose to place this data, whether it kind of components and it could send a
be with our local doctors or organizations who message out to the manufacturer or to the
are researching anything to do with the body. retailer warning them that this was happening
P Christian Payne. And we wondered if this and you could have someone effectively ring
technology is just for serious enthusiasts like you up and say, ‘I need to come and maintain
him or for everyone, and we decided to ask your fridge’ before it actually failed and you lost
William Webb, he’s Deputy President of the all the goods that were in the fridge.
Institute of Engineering and Technology. P This may be a naive question, but won’t these
William, this talk of 50 billion devices by the end gadgets crowd out the space available, overload
of the decade suggests some kind of the system?

WW They could overload our existing cellular phone 2 Who are Christian Payne and William Webb? (a
systems, which is why a number of people technology blogger and the Deputy President of
including myself are looking at alternative the Institute of Engineering and Technology,
wireless technologies that are optimized very respectively) STUDENT B
specifically for these machines. 3 What does Christian find comforting? (he is a
P Some people worry that all this reliance on blogger and uses this device to record his days
technology, even as we have it now, relying on a and then share those images on social media)
satnav rather than a map, erm, that we’re STUDENTS A/B
making ourselves vulnerable to attack. Are they 4 Where does he wear his ‘autographer’? (around
right? his neck) STUDENT A
WW Well, we’re certainly getting much more reliant 5 What does he wear it for? (he is a blogger and
on all sorts of technology now. Of course, this is uses this device to record his days and then share
nothing new – we’ve become reliant on those images on social media) STUDENT A/B
electricity over the last century. Er, we’ve 6 How many runners did he see? (about 15)
become reliant on the Internet over the last STUDENT A
decade and if either of those two systems went 7 How does William Webb think white goods will
down, I think people’s lives would be mainly interact with the Internet? (they will work in
dramatically altered. And I think what tends to the background, making the world an easier place
happen is at first people don’t rely too much on to live) STUDENT A
these new things, so when you first got your 8 Which thing is quoted so often that it’s become a
satnav you probably also kept the map in the joke? (the example of the fridge communicating
car, just in case the satnav didn’t work, and then with the Net) STUDENT A
progressively over time you become more reliant 9 Why is he looking at alternative wireless
on it as you see that it is more reliable – erm, but technologies? (to avoid overloading the existing
we do need to make sure absolutely that we are cellular phone system) STUDENT A/B
safe against all kinds of potential failure – either
11.4 How we use stuff
from terrorists or failure that might be caused by
1 d A Thanks for the great feedback on my report.
software errors or lack of electricity or similar
B I was impressed. You really know your stuff.
kinds of things.
P William Webb, we must leave it there. William A Do you think so?
B Oh, yes, you’re destined for great things at
Webb, Deputy President of the Institute of
Engineering. this firm.
2 f A What sort of stuff do you get with your new
11.3 car?
1 When might billions of things be connected to the B Oh all the usual stuff – satnav, DAB radio,
Internet? (by the end of this decade) What kind of leather seats.
things? (rubbish bins, car parks, roads and fridges) A Doesn’t sound like the usual stuff to me. You
STUDENT B should see my old banger.

3 a A How do you cope with all that pressure at 7 You can see yourself at 40. You’ve started your
work and four kids? own business and it’s already successful.
B You know me. I’m made of strong stuff. 8 You didn’t get in touch with a friend because you
A And you never moan. had flu.
B Well, there’s not much point. I just have to
11.6 What do you say?
get on with it.
4 g A Are you ready to go? We’re late. 1 A Hey guys! I’ll get this round in.
B Thanks, Kev. I’ll have a pint of Best.
B I’ll just get my stuff and we can be off.
A OK, I’ll be waiting in the car. C Mine’s the same.
2 A I really don’t think I have a chance of passing
5 c A We were crossing a field and suddenly there
was this huge bull heading towards us. the exams. I’m definitely going to fail.
B No, you won’t. You say that every time and you
B That’s the stuff of nightmares. I’d have been
terrified. do brilliantly.
A Believe me – we were! 3 A Hurry up! The play starts in half an hour.
6 b A What a day! I’m in pieces – I lost my car keys B I can’t find my ticket anywhere.
A We don’t have them. We booked online. We’re
and had to walk home in the pouring rain and
… collecting them at the box office.
B Come on – cheer up! Stuff happens. I’ll make 4 A I know, I know, my hair’s a mess, but I’m getting
a cup of tea. it cut on Saturday.
A I need something stronger than that. 7 e A B Not before time.

A You can talk! Look at yours!
Urgh! What’s that on the carpet?
B I’m not sure – it looks like a load of sticky, 5 A I’m really sorry. I know I was going to give you a
hand with your move, but ...
brown stuff. A Urgh! It’s melted chocolate.
B Yeah, and boy, do I need help.
One of the kids must have dropped it.
A I know you do, but I’ve just learned I’m working
8 h A I did it! I can’t believe it! Three As!
B Great stuff! All that hard work paid off. in the Paris office next week and I can’t get out
A It did. I can really enjoy my holiday now. of it.

B Oh, never mind. It was good of you to offer.
11.5 Responses with future forms A But I’ll help you with the decorating when I’m
1 You offer to pay for a round of drinks. back.
2 You think you have no chance of passing the B Thanks. That’d be great.
exams. 6 A Can you believe it? This time next week we’ll be
3 Your theatre ticket says: Hamlet 7.30 p.m. sipping cocktails by a swimming pool.
4 You’ve made an appointment to get your hair cut B Yeah, before going out for an amazing meal in
tomorrow. an amazing restaurant overlooking the sea.
5 You arranged to help your friend move flat, but A Huh – and paying amazing prices!
now you find you can’t. 7 A I’m aiming high. By the time I’m 40, I’ll have set
6 Next week you will be on holiday. You can see up my own business and I’ll be earning a
yourself having a cocktail by the swimming pool. fortune.

B Wow – you’ve really got your future sorted. 9 A You thought she dropped the vase accidentally,
A Yeah, I simply won’t consider failure. but believe me, it was on purpose.
B I admire your confidence. I haven’t a clue what B No – surely not. She’d never do that.
I’ll be doing when I’m 40.
11.8 Margie’s diary
8 A I’m so sorry, I was going to get in touch and say
T = Tommy M = Margie MM = Margie’s mother
let’s meet for coffee, but I’ve had flu.
B Not to worry. I’ll meet you next week. Just say MT = Mechanical teacher
T Gee, what a waste. When you’re through with
where and when!
A Well, I was going to suggest the Café Nero near the book, you just throw it away, I guess. Our
television screen must have had a million books
your work.
B Fine! Is Tuesday OK for you? on it and it’s good for plenty more. I wouldn’t
throw it away.
11.7 Antonyms M Where did you find the book?
1 A One of my cats is quite tame and domesticated. T In my house. In the attic.
The other is totally wild. M What’s it about?
B You can say that again. T School.
2 A I’ve always been successful at work, but my M School? What’s there to write about school? I
private life is a total failure. hate school. Why would anyone write about
B Oh, you’re being very hard on yourself. school?
3 A His ability to make money is admirable. T Because it’s not our kind of school, stupid. This
However, I have nothing but contempt for the is the old kind of school that they had hundreds
appalling way he deals with his employees. and hundreds of years ago. Centuries ago.
B I agree 100%. M Well, I don’t know what kind of school they had
4 A At first they thought it was a genuine da Vinci all that time ago. They had a teacher?
sketch, but it turned out to be a fake. T Sure they had a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular
B What a blow! teacher. It was a man.
5 A I find it difficult to relax. My life is so hectic. So M A man? How could a man be a teacher?
much to do, so little time. T Well, he just told the boys and girls things and
B You’ve got to learn to slow down. gave them homework and asked them
6 A I was sure I’d seen her before. I didn’t recognize questions.
her face, but her voice was familiar. M But a man isn’t smart enough.
B Who was it then? T Sure he is. My father knows as much as my
7 A This road is straight for a while, but then it winds teacher.
uphill for two miles. M He can’t. A man can’t know as much as a
B This is the last cycling holiday I have! teacher.
8 A I know most people are very keen on travelling, T My dad knows almost as much, I betcha.
but I really loathe it. I’d rather stay at home. M Well, I wouldn’t want a strange man in my house
B Would you? I wouldn’t. to teach me.

T You don’t know much, Margie. The teachers

up, staring up at the tower, erm, so l looked down on
didn’t live in the house. They had a special
what they were looking at and, erm, noticed that
building and all the kids went there.
there was, what seemed to be, to me, at the time,
M And all the kids learned the same thing?
anyway, a small hole, and you could actually see a
T Sure, if they were the same age.
few bits of flame round the edge and I asked these
M But my mother says a teacher has to be
two people what happened and, er, one of them said
adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it
that a plane had flown into it and I remember
teaches, and that each kid has to be taught
thinking, er, ah no that can’t be true. As I walked
differently.
there was more and more smoke coming out, but I
T Just the same, they didn’t do it that way then. If
made it to my office and, erm, went up to the 16th
you don’t like it, you don’t have to read the book.
floor. So I went into the office, and there were lots of
M I didn’t say I didn’t like it.
my colleagues there. Obviously there was a lot of
MM Margie! School!
sort of confusion, so I went to one of these offices
M Not yet, Mamma.
with the clearest view and I looked out and I
MM Now! And it’s probably time for Tommy, too.
remember thinking, ‘Gosh! I don’t remember that,
M Tommy, can I read the book some more with
there’s a hole in the other side.’ Quite a few people
you after school?T Maybe ...
who were in the office earlier than me that morning,
MT Today’s arithmetic lesson is on the addition of
they’d, erm, they’d seen both of them, they started
proper fractions. Please insert yesterday’s
telling me about this second one that went down the
homework in the proper slot.
river, erm, and sort of exploded towards them, erm,
MT When we add the fractions ½ and ¼ …
because it came from the south. Erm, soon you could
M Oh, how the kids must have loved it in the old
start to see – they obviously started to evacuate, er,
days with a real teacher and other kids. What
and there were just thousands of people walking
fun they had.
straight up towards us, just pouring, pouring up
towards us. Erm, I tried to phone family and friends,
but none of the phones seemed to work, er, so I sent
12 Turning points
out an email, that seemed to be the one thing that
12.1 The fall of the twin towers: An eyewitness was still working. I couldn’t speak to any of my family
account
in England. I did speak to my wife once when I first
The day started, erm, much like any other day – I got
got in and told her to wake up and turn on the
on the subway. We came across the bridge and I
television and see what was happening. I was unable
remember noticing what a lovely day it was, er, with
to get through to her after that, these, er, sort of
the bright blue sky. I remember coming out of the
surreal goings on, sending these emails backwards
subway as I normally did, and I saw a, erm, saw a
and forwards about what was happening, erm,
cloud, or what looked like a small cloud, white cloud,
outside my very window. And it was while I was
and I remember thinking, ‘Gosh, that’s unusual
writing an email I heard some screams, and I ran
because this sky is so totally clear’ – but I didn’t think
round, er, just to see sort of this huge, huge cloud of
much more of it and I set off walking to my office, er, I
smoke and people just shouting and screaming, ‘It
didn’t get far. I got to the, er, first block, and on the
collapsed! It collapsed!’ This huge cloud of dust
corner there were a couple of people, erm, looking

12.2 The Apollo project
MC = Mission Control CR = Chris Riley
came, you could see it pouring up the avenues, and it
A = Astronaut P = Presenter RP = Robert Poole
sort of burst out, erm, through Battery Park, right out
RS = Rusty Schweickart
into the Hudson River, erm, because I remember
MC Ten, nine, … we have ignition sequence start,
seeing lots of the ferries were all doing evacuations,
the engines are on, … four, three, two, one,
taking people from every point they could, and they
zero. We have commence, we have, we have
just got enveloped in this huge cloud of dust. There
lift-off … at 7.51 …
was so much dust you didn’t know, you know
CR The inspirational effect of Apollo, which touched
whether – how much it had fallen, whether it was just
so many of us watching from Earth, was largely
the top. I suppose we were all expecting to see
driven by the pictures which these missions
something still there. We could still see the other one
returned. Views of human explorers on an alien
standing because it had the big antenna, the big
world fuelled our imaginations, and those
aerial on top of it. So as we stood there watching, no
images of our home planet, filmed by men who
idea how long for, and then of course, the, er, other
were so far away from home, had an even more
one collapsed. You could clearly see, there’s a very
profound effect.
particular design, these long, long sort of slightly
MC Apollo 8, you’re looking good.
ornate metal work. I remember seeing that sort of
CR In December 1968, Apollo 8, only the second
explode out and then you just saw the great big top
manned Apollo mission, was sent straight to the
with this giant aerial on, just drop straight down and
Moon. It was the first time any astronauts had
you’d see all this other stuff just peeling away from
left low-Earth orbit, and if everything went to
the sides, erm, you could see just each corner of it
plan, Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders
peeling back and this giant top just smashing down
would become the first humans to see the far
through it and obviously there was all the dust and
side of the Moon with their own eyes.
everything and, erm, more screaming. We all thought
A Actually, I think the best way to describe this
’cos we’d seen so many, so many thousands of
area is a vastness of black and white. Absolutely
people walking north that maybe everyone had got
no colour. The sky up here is also a rather
out, erm, because there was this you know non-stop
forbidding, foreboding expanse of blackness,
procession of people. In fact I think our brains didn’t
with no stars visible when we’re flying over the
even think about the fact that there were people
Moon in daylight.
inside it, you just sort of looked at it as a building, and
P But it wasn’t their unique views of the Moon
you just assumed there was no one in it, you just
which these missions became most famous for,
don’t actually want to think about that. It was, you
it was their views of the Earth, rising over the
know, unlike any feeling you’ve ever thought, there
barren lunar surface, which fired the
wasn’t really – there was no panic in the office, and
imaginations of us all. Historian Robert Poole is
also you know a very clear acknowledgement that,
the author of Earthrise: How Man First Saw the
erm, something had, something had changed in the
Earth.
world today and we were sitting staring at it. It was
RP The NASA head of photography, Dick
quite the most incredible thing, and from what was
Underwood, was keen on getting photographs of
just a normal lovely New York autumn day, it’s just
the Earth, he’d had a lot of experience, but he
incredible how much changed in that morning.

was pretty much a lone voice in NASA, so the Apollo capsule and the lunar module in case
although he’d done his best to prepare them for the two failed to connect.
taking photographs, they weren’t prepared in MC Mr Schweickart, proceed on four.
any professional kind of way. So, when they did A1 Can you get your camera on there?
actually see the Earth rise from, from lunar orbit, A2 Camera’s running.
it did take them completely by surprise, and you A1 OK. Proceeding on out.
can hear the surprise in their voices, ‘Wow, look N On board, his colleagues Jim McDivitt and Dave
at that!’ Scott would capture his progress on camera. But
A1 Oh my God, look at that picture over there! as his test began, their camera broke, and whilst
There’s the Earth coming up! they were fixing it, Rusty ended up with five
A2 Wow! That’s pretty! minutes outside on his own.
CR Yes, it’s about the fourth orbit or something, isn’t A1 Ho, there! That looks comfortable.
it? And there’s a real scramble for the camera A2 Boy oh boy, what a view!
and some colour film, I think. A1 Isn’t that spectacular?
A1 You got a colour film, Jim? Hand me a roll of A2 It really is.
colour quick, would ya? RS During that five minutes that Dave took to try
A2 Oh, man, this really … and repair the camera, which frankly never
A1 Quick! Quick! happened, I held onto the handrail only with one
RP Yes, they didn’t have a camera ready, they only hand, my left hand, and I sort of swung around
had black and white film in the one that they to get a full view of the Earth and the horizon,
were using, the spaceship had only just turned just the spectacular beauty of the Earth, I mean
round to face the right way, they were busy the, the blackness is so black and the horizon is
doing something else, and suddenly one of them this brilliant thin band of blue, which is the
said, ‘Look, there’s the Earth!’ What in retrospect atmosphere above the blue and white Earth. I
was the most significant moment possibly of the mean, the contrast, the reality of what you’re
entire Apollo programme, looking back and looking at, I mean it is incredibly impressive.
seeing the Earth in context. CR This would have been a wholly personal
CR The fact that no one planned those pictures experience if Rusty hadn’t been invited to speak
seems extraordinary now, but the astronauts’ at a major conference organized by the
encounter with the Earth would inspire future Lindisfarne Association in Long Island, New
Apollo crews to look back with new eyes on their York, a couple of years later. Despite preparing
home planet. for several hours, he had no idea what he was
MC Yes, everything’s looking good here, Apollo 9. going to say until he found himself on stage.
A1 OK. RS And then I opened my mouth and I talked, and it
MC We’ll try to have your cut-off time shortly. was as, as if I was sitting in the audience going
CR Apollo 9 was intended to test the entire Apollo through the experience of flying in space, at
flight system in Earth orbit and astronaut Rusty many different levels actually, the physical level,
Schweickart would make a spacewalk to test an sort of a technical diary almost, and then finally
emergency procedure for transferring between at, at a kind of spiritual level, and I had

absolutely no plan to do that, I mean, it just B Very nice. It’s such a good place to unwind. Look,
came out that way, and by the time I was done, I must dash now, but I’ll be in touch soon and get
er, half of the people in the audience were you round for dinner.
crying, including me. You look down there, and A That would be great. Hope to see you soon.
you can’t imagine how many borders and
12.4 Metaphorical language. Complete the
boundaries you cross, again and again and
sentences.
again, and you don’t even see them. There you
Light
are, hundreds of people in the Middle East killing
1 It was the film Twelve Angry Men that sparked my
each other over some imaginary line that you’re
interest in law.
not even aware of, that you can’t see. And from
2 The team’s victory was overshadowed by the
where you see it, the thing is a whole, and it’s so
serious injury of their star striker.
beautiful. You wish you could take one in each
3 I’ve had a bright idea! It just came to me in a flash!
hand, one from each side in the various
4 I don’t trust that guy you met last night – he seems
conflicts, and say, ‘Look! Look at it from this
a shady character.
perspective. Look at that! What’s important?’
5 The Space Station is a shining example of
CR That spontaneous lecture, later titled No frames,
international co-operation.
no boundaries, and transcribed as an essay
6 I’d wondered why Bill’s so rude, and then it
about the Earth and us, resonated with the
dawned on me that he was jealous.
burgeoning peace and environmental
Weather
movements of the time. And the images of Earth
7 There’s another article on Internet privacy here –
that poured back from the eight subsequent
it’s a hot topic at the moment.
Apollo flights to the Moon continued to raise our
8 I was relieved to get the hospital test results – it’s
awareness of just how fragile our home planet
been a cloud hanging over me.
seems to be.
9 Don’t ask me how to pronounce that word – I
haven’t the foggiest idea!
12.3 Metaphorical language
10 You needn’t worry about passing your driving test
Conversation 2
– it’ll be a breeze for you.
A Hi, Annie! Fancy bumping into you here! I haven’t
11 It was a whirlwind romance, and Steve and Linda
seen you for ages!
were married within six weeks.
B I know. Time flies, doesn’t it?
12 I knew this would be my new home, and a feeling
A It sure does. Is your business still booming?
of happiness flooded through me.
B Yeah, I’m slaving away as usual. We’re snowed
Food
under with orders at the moment, and I’m only just
13 My job interview lasted over an hour – they gave
keeping my head above water. Still, mustn’t
me a really good grilling.
grumble! How’s your company doing?
14 I’m struggling in this job – I think I’ve bitten off
A OK. Things went downhill a bit last year and we
more than I can chew.
had to tighten our belts, but they’re picking up
15 Oh, another of your half-baked ideas! You need to
now. And how’s life in your sleepy little village?
think things through more!

16 Jones’ athletics career ended on a sour note when

12.6 Linking devices
he failed a drugs test.
1 As well as studying English, I’m doing an evening
17 It’s a rather bland autobiography – you don’t learn
class in photography.
anything very exciting.
2 Once this course is over, I’m going to have a
18 Thanks for your suggestions. That’s given me food
holiday in the UK.
for thought.
3 I know you’re a good driver. All the same, I think
you should drive more slowly on this road.
12.5 Malcolm Gladwell – The Tipping Point
4 I’m nervous about the exam, even though I’ve
Malcolm Gladwell wrote The Tipping Point in order to
done loads of revision for it.
explain the way social trends suddenly take off, using
5 Seeing as there are lots of sales on, I’m going to
Hush Puppies shoes as his first example. Until their
spend the afternoon shopping.
comeback in the late 90s, Hush Puppies had been a
6 You can leave work early provided that you’ve
dying brand, owing to the fact that they were seen as
finished all those jobs I gave you.
old-fashioned. After a few young ‘hipsters’ began
7 I arrived on time in spite of all the traffic.
wearing them in the clubs of Manhattan in 1995
8 By the time you wake up tomorrow, I’ll be in New
though, the fashion began to spread. When fashion
York!
designers started wearing them too, sales boomed
and in the end the shoes became one of the most
12.7 Emphatic expressions with do/does/did
popular fashion icons of the decade. This rapid
1 f A I didn’t need quite so much detail about your
turnaround in fortunes occurred even though the
operation.
Hush Puppies company itself had played almost no
B Well, you did ask!
part in it.
2 d A Didn’t you think it strange that the car was so
Gladwell compares such social trends to medical cheap?
epidemics. Although they may begin with only a few B Well, I did wonder.
people being ‘infected’, provided that these 3 e A It’s so embarrassing when Ken tells those
individuals are influential and well connected, the sexist jokes.
trend will slowly grow until the ‘tipping point’ is B Yes, I do wish he wouldn’t.
reached, at which point the rate of spread 4 a A You didn’t have to challenge Ken in front of
accelerates enormously. everyone.
B Maybe. He did deserve it, though.
The Tipping Point made interesting reading for
5 c A You shouldn’t treat Emma like a child.
marketing executives, as it showed that while
B Well, she does behave like one sometimes.
widespread publicity may be achieved by expensive
6 b A I can’t believe how violent that DVD you lent
advertising campaigns, similar levels of exposure can
me was!
be gained for far less as a result of word-of-mouth
B I did warn you!
marketing. What’s more, the advent of social media
has greatly increased the role of viral marketing in
starting social trends.

12.8 Word linking – the potato clock 12.13
I was teaching an Intermediate class and there was a law and order
Japanese girl in it, Keiko, who was sharing a flat with
Carla and Mike
an English girl. One day Keiko came up to me after
class and said: ‘Excuse me, what is a potato clock?’ 12.14 Linking and intrusive sounds
1 Anna and I are off to eat out in Oxford.
I was a bit baffled, and said, ‘Sorry? A what?’
2 Although it’s the obvious answer, it isn’t the easiest
She repeated, ‘A potato clock. My flatmate told me
option.
she has to get one tomorrow. But I didn’t
3 My aim is to sit on this sofa all evening and watch
understand.’
action and adventure movies.
I just had to admit to her that I had no idea what a
12.15
potato clock was, and that she’d better ask her
flatmate to explain. J-O-H-N S-P-E-A-R-S
It was only later that it dawned on me what her 12.16 What do you hear?
flatmate had said!!! 1 It isn’t easy to wreck a nice beach!
2 This guy is the limit.
3 Some others will leave and say goodbye.
12.9
4 Sick students had a grey day.
I have to get up at eight o’clock tomorrow.
5 I scream in an ice-cold shower!
12.10 Linking sounds

12.17 What do you hear?
This is an evening of anticipation and excitement.
1 I have known oceans of danger.
2 It’s important to give children an aim.
12.11
3 I told the postman I only accept addressed mail.
1 It’s an honour to present this award for best
4 We discussed the subject of youth in Asia.
invention.
5 Don’t tell me that’s tough!
2 The name is in an envelope as usual.
3 I’ll open it and read it out straight away.
12.18 Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming was born in 1881 in Ayrshire,
12.12 Intrusive sounds
Scotland, where his father, who died when Alexander
a blue eyes
was seven, worked as a farmer.
b two oranges
After leaving school, Fleming worked as a shipping
c go away
clerk in London for four years. However, he inherited
d my office some money when he was 20, and enrolled at St
Mary’s Hospital School, in order to pursue his interest
e the economy
in medicine.
f three apples
On completing his medical degree in 1908, winning
Gold Medal as the top medical student, he joined the
research team at St Mary’s. During the First World

War, Fleming served in the Medical Corps in France,

working in a hospital set up in a casino in Boulogne.
There he saw many soldiers die from wound
infections, and consequently decided to specialize in
this area of medicine. Once the war was over,
Fleming returned to St Mary’s, and thereafter applied
himself to research into bacteria.
On September 28, 1928, having just returned from a

holiday, Fleming was cleaning petri dishes in his
laboratory so that he could reuse them. Owing to his
general untidiness, the dishes had been left out in the
warm laboratory for a month and were therefore
covered in bacteria, as well as mould. As Fleming
picked up one dish, he noticed that no bacteria were
growing around the mould, so he decided to study it,
in case it proved to be an antibacterial agent.
Although Fleming discovered the world’s first

antibiotic, penicillin, it was two other researchers,
Florey and Chain,
who found a way to bring it to mass production in

1942, thus changing the face of modern medicine. By
the time of the
D-Day landings in 1944, enough penicillin had been

produced to treat all of the wounded Allied forces in
World War II.

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Student’s Book Audioscript

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H Why, this is the girl I jotted down last night.

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E Not a bit. It never did him no harm what I treacherous.

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2.8 Expressions with word

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child-rearing. then a slight fall until mid-life, when there is a steady

said, the extra time can bring us much greater

long ago. again to 2,000 in 1980. There was then a sharp

time to enjoy them? It’s not as if we ever meant to

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There seems to be a desire to be associated with the

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K Yeah. And they’re trying to get statements from

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went on to write newspaper articles about the once I’ve started.

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this would be an easy one! would be big enough for my fingers.

Do me a favour and go, now!

T That one’s incredible, isn’t it, Margaret? She looks

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4.12 earth does it mean?

M = Martin P = Peter B No idea. Do you think there’s a river at the

M Hi, Peter! bottom of this hill?

you! You said you were going to do it this year! wheelchairs.

soon! B Look, I’m new to this. I can’t see how to …

M When’s the wedding then? A Read the sign!

problem … let me check … oh, yeah, sorry Peter, possible.

I can’t do that Saturday. A Well, everyone else can manage it.

P No!!! B Ouch! Ow! I give up. I’m going up on the

M Yes, really, I’ve got an annual international cable car.

arranged anything yet – couldn’t you shift the too fast!

wedding to another weekend in October? B I am not.

year. Couldn’t you ask them to move your B I am.

presentation to the Sunday? A You’re not. Ooh! … Phew! Thank goodness

go to a wedding though, can I?

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5.2 Facts about Papua New Guinea have!

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A I spoke with Bryan at the airport on the night of B Hello!

life with Anna now. been bought.

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A Hi, Anna, how are you? It soon becomes clear to

wedding. I can’t quite believe that from a random have a hacek?’

Skype conversation almost two years ago that I ‘A what!?’ I said.

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