EXCEL ENGINEERIG COLLEGE (Autonomous)

Komarapalayam-637303

23UH001- UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES

QUESTION BANK - MODULE I

Module I: NEED, BASIC GUIDELINES, CONTET AND PROCESS FOR VALUE

EDUCATION

2 – MARK QUESTIONS

1. Define Value?
Values are principle and priorities which helps us to make decision on daily basis.
Value means importance or the participation. The value of any unit in this
existence is its participation in the larger order of which it is a part.
Ex: Value of a pen is that it can write

2. Define Human Values?

The value of a human being is the participation of human being in this order.
Therefore to understand the human values, we need to understand the human
reality along with all that is there in that existence and the role of human being in
the relationship with each and every existence.

3. Define Value Education?

Value Education is refers to character-oriented instruction that promotes basic
concepts and ethnic values in a person's mind. It is the field of study that helps
individuals to understand "what is valuable" for human satisfaction.

4. What is the Need of Value Education?

The value education helps the individual for the correct identification of their
aspiration. It helps to fulfill the aspiration in continuity. The value education
focuses on four important aspects. Such as
A) Fostering Universal Core values like Integrity, Discipline, and Justice.
B) Developing Values in individual in Physical, Emotional, Intellectual, Spiritual,
Moral and Aesthetic.
C) Promoting values in society leading to individual and societal transformation.
D) Creating a holistic Education System

5. What is Self Exploration?

Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating
within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself.
 Through self exploration we get the value of our self. We live with different
entirety like family, friends/society and nature and we want to understand our
relationship with all these.

6. Describe about the Natural Acceptance?

Natural acceptance is a mechanism of self-exploration. Natural acceptance is
process to understand our self first. Natural acceptance implies unconditional and
total acceptance of the self, people and environment. It also refers to the absence
of any exception from others. In other words, Natural acceptance is way to accept
the good things naturally.

7. What is Experiential Validation?

Experiential validation is a process that infuses direct experience with the learning
environment and content. It may be regarded as a philosophy and methodology in
which the direct experience and focused reflection of the individual helps to
increase knowledge, develop skill and clarify values.

8. What is Happiness?
Happiness and may be defined as being in harmony that I live in. It is a holistic
and all-encompassing state of the mind that creates inner harmony.

9. What is Prosperity?
The feeling of having or making available more than required physical facilities is
prosperity. For prosperity, two things are required-
i) Identification of the required quantity of physical facilities, and
ii) Ensuring availability / production of more than required physical facilities.

10. What is Right Understanding?

Right understanding is necessary for human being to live peacefully. Right
understanding is equal to understanding in harmony in four levels.
The four levels are Harmony in human being, family, society and nature.

11. What is Physical Facilities?

This includes the physiological needs of individuals and indicates the necessities
as well as the comforts of life. Physical facilities are necessary but this is not
equal to fulfilling in relationship.

12. What is Animal Consciousness?

Living of human being only on the basis of physical facilities, and not with right
understanding and relationship. Working only for physical facilities is living with
Animal Consciousness and living with assumption for oneself as body.
 13. What is Human Consciousness?
a) Living with all three: right understanding, relationship, and physical facilities.
Working for right understanding as the first priority followed by relationship and
physical facilities implies living with Human Consciousness. (b) Living with
views of justice, resolution and truth. (c) Understanding human being as
coexistence of self and body.

16 - MARK QUESTIONS

Write a short note on the need for value education in today’s scenario.
The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called
value education. Need for value education is:
 Correct identification of our aspirations
 Understanding universal human values to fulfil our aspirations in continuity
 Complimentarily of Values and Skills

 Evaluation of our beliefs

 Technology and human values
i) Correct identification of our aspirations
The subject which enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human
happiness is called ‘value education’ (VE). Thus, VE enables us to understand our
needs and visualize our goals correctly and also indicate the direction for their
fulfilment. It also helps to remove our confusions and contradictions and bring
harmony at all levels.
ii) Understanding universal human values to fulfil our aspirations in continuity.
Values form the basis for all our thoughts, behaviours and actions. Once we know
what is valuable to us, these values becomes the basis, the anchor for our actions. We
also need to understand the universality of various human values, because only then
we can have a definite and common program for value education. Then only we can
be assured of a happy and harmonious human society.
iii) Complimentarily of Values and Skills
To fulfil our aspirations both values and skills are necessary. When we identify
and set the right goals and produced in right direction. When we identify and set the
right goals and produced in right direction. This is known as value domain, the
domain of wisdom, and when we learn and practices to actualize this goal to develop
the techniques to make this happen in real life, in various dimensions of human
endeavour (struggle). This is known as domain of skills. Hence, there is an essential
complimentarily between values and skills for the success of any human endeavour.
 iv) Evaluation of our Beliefs
Each one of us believes in certain things and we base our values on these
beliefs, are they false or true which may or may not be true in reality. These
believes come to us from what we read, see, hear, what our parents tells us, our
friends talk about, what the magazines talk of, what we see from TV etc. Value
Education helps us to evaluate our beliefs and assumed values.
v) Technology and Human Values
The present education system has become largely skill-based. The prime
emphasis is on science and technology. However, science and technology can
only help to provide the means to achieve what is considered valuable. It is not
within the scope of science and technology to provide the competence of deciding
what really is valuable. Value Education is a crucial missing link in the present
education system. Because of this deficiency, most of our efforts may prove to be
counterproductive and serious crises at the individual, societal and environmental
level are manifesting.

Explain the process of Self-Exploration / Illustrate the process of Self- Exploration

Self-exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself,
what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self-exploration we
get the value of our self. The purpose of self-exploration is:
i) It is a process of dialogue between “what you are” and “what you really want to be”
ii) It is a process of self-evolution through self-investigation
iii) It is a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence
iv) It is a process of recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in existence and
fulfilling it
v) It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living accordingly
vi) It is a process of being in harmony in oneself and in harmony with entire existence
vii) It is a process of identifying our innateness and moving towards self-organization and self-
expression

1. It is a process of dialogue between “what you are” and “what you really want to
be”: It is a process of focusing attention on our self, our present beliefs and aspirations
vis-à-vis what we really want to be (that is to say, what is naturally acceptable to us). If
these two are the same, then there is no problem. If on investigation we find that these
two are not the same, then it means we are living with this contradiction. It is a process of
discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings.
This enables us to look at our confusions and contradictions within and resolve them by
becoming aware of our natural acceptance.
2. It is a process of self-evolution through self-investigation: It successively enables us to
evolve by bridging the gap between ‘what we are’ and ‘what to be’. Hence, the self-
 exploration leads to our own improvement, our self-evolution – we will become
qualitatively better.
3. 3. It is a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence:
The exploration starts by asking simple questions about our self, which gives our clarity
about our being, and then clarity about everything around us.
4. It is a process of recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in existence and
fulfilling it: It is a process of becoming aware about our right relationship with other
entities in existence and through that discovering the interconnectedness, co-existence
and other in the entire existence, and living accordingly.
5. It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living accordingly:
It is a process of discovering the definitiveness of human conduct and human character
and enabling one to be definite in thought, behaviour and work.
6. It is a process of being in harmony in oneself and in harmony with entire existence:
This process of self-exploration helps us to be in harmony with our sel fand with
everything around.
7. It is a process of identifying our innateness and moving towards self-organization
and self-expression: This process of self-exploration helps us to identify our self.

What do you mean by animal and human consciousness? Explain with the help of a
diagram.

Giving all priorities to physical facilities only, or to live solely on the basis of physical
facilities, may be termed as ‘Animal Consciousness’. Living with all three: Right
understanding, Relationship and Physical facilities is called ‘Human Consciousness’.
  For animal, physical facility is necessary as well as complete – whereas for human beings
it is necessary but not complete.
 Working only for physical facilities is living with Animal Consciousness.
 Working for right understanding as the first priority followed by relationship and physical
facilities implies living with Human Consciousness.
 There is a need for transformation from Animal Consciousness to Human
Consciousness. It can be accomplished only by working for right understanding as the
first priority.
 This transformation from Animal Consciousness to Human Consciousness forms the
basis for human values and values based living.

What is happiness and prosperity? Are they related to each other? Can happiness be
obtained without prosperity? Explain.

 Happiness may be defined as being in harmony. “A state or situation in which I live, if

there is harmony in it then I like to be in that state / situation.
 The state of liking is happiness.” Whereas, prosperity is the “feeling of having or making
available more than required physical facilities”.
 In the current scenario, we are generally trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by
maximizing accumulation and consumption of physical facilities.
 This is an attempt to achieve happiness through pleasant sensory interactions.
 The physical facilities are not seen in terms of fulfilling bodily needs but as a means of
maximizing happiness.
 This has resulted in wrong assessment of wants for physical facilities as being unlimited.
But this pursuit is self-defeating. Neither can we hope to achieve continuous happiness
through sensory interactions nor can we have prosperity, as it amounts to trying to fulfil
unlimited wants through limited resources.
 This effort is engendering problems at all the levels. It is becoming anti-ecological and
anti-people, and threatening the human survival itself. Some of the consequences of such
a trend are summarised below:

1. At the level of the individual – Rising problems of depression, psychological disorders,

suicides, stress, insecurity, psycho-somatic diseases, loneliness etc.
2. At the level of the family – Breaking of joint families, mistrust, conflict between older
and younger generations, insecurity in relationships, divorce, dowry tortures, family
feuds, wasteful expenditure in family functions etc.
3. At the level of the Society – Growing incidences of terrorism and naxalism, rising
communalism, spreading casteism, racial and ethnic struggle, wars between nations,
attempts of genocide, fear of nuclear and genetic warfare, etc.
4. At the level of nature – Global warming, water, air, soil, noise, etc. pollution, resource
depletion of minerals and mineral oils, sizeable deforestations, loss of fertility of soil.
 It therefore, calls for an urgent need for human beings to correctly understand happiness and
prosperity as well as the sustainable way to achieve these.

How do right understanding, relationships and physical facilities help in fulfilling the
aspirations of human beings?
 Our basic aspirations are happiness (mutual fulfilment) and prosperity (mutual
prosperity). Happiness is ensured by the relationships with other human beings and
prosperity is ensured by working on physical facilities.
 Relationship refers to the interpersonal relationships that a person builds in his/her life –
at home, at the workplace and in society. Physical Facilities includes the physiological
needs of individuals and indicates the necessities as well as the comforts of life. It means
the feeling of having or being able to have more physical facilities than is needed.
 Today we are unable to have fulfilling relationships all the time: in family, outside
family, and as a society – in the world at large. If there is a problem in relationship, we
feel uneasy, it bothers us.
 Even if we are interacting with someone, and something we said or did offends them, it
makes us uneasy; i.e. we want mutual fulfilment in relationship. Similarly, we want to
feel prosperous, but end up working only for accumulation of wealth. We want to enrich
nature, but are exploiting it, destroying it. But our natural acceptance is that we want to
live in harmony with nature.
 The reason behind these problems is that we have to focus on one more aspect, i.e. right
understanding. Right Understanding refers to higher order human skills – the need to
learn and utilize our intelligence most effectively.
 In order to resolve the issues in human relationships, we need to understand them first,
and this would come from ‘right understanding of relationship’. Similarly in order to be
prosperous and to enrich nature, we need to have the ‘right understanding’. The ‘right
understanding’ will enable us to work out our requirements for physical facilities and
hence correctly distinguish the difference between wealth and prosperity. With nature as
well, we need to understand the harmony in nature, and how we can complement this
harmony.
 Thus we can say that when we use right understanding with relationships it gives us
mutual fulfilment because if we have right understanding, then we can be happy in ourselves and
work to have fulfilling relationships with humans and mutual prosperity with nature. If we do not
have the right understanding, then we have problems. Thus, our happiness depends on the
fulfilment of these three basic requirements.
Right understanding + Relationship = Mutual fulfilment.
Right understanding + Physical facilities = Mutual prosperity.