ChE Thermodynamics - Additional Problems

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following


questions.

_______________________________________________________________________

1. How much work is done when a man weighing 75 kg climbs the Washington
monument, 555 ft high? How many kilocalories must be supplied to do this
muscular work, assuming that 25% of the energy produced by the oxidation
of food in the body can be converted into muscular work?
A. 254 kcal C. 119 kcal
B. 380 kcal D. 476 kcal

2. 4 kg moles of an ideal gas expand in vacuum spontaneously. The work


done is
A. 4 J C. ∞
B. 0 D. 8 J

For numbers 3 to 6:
A gas is confined in a 1.25 ft diameter cylinder by a piston, on which rests
a weight. The mass of the piston and weight together is 250 lb. The local
acceleration of gravity is 32.169 ft/s2 and atmospheric pressure is 30.12
inHg.

3. What is the force in lbf exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston,
and the weight, assuming no friction between the
piston and the cylinder?
A. 3.09x103 lbf C. 2.86x103 lbf
3
B. 4.73x10 lbf D. 1.55x103 lbf

4. What is the pressure of the gas in psia?


A. 15.1 psia C. 17.9 psia
B. 16.2 psia D. 18.3 psia

5. If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it expands, pushing the piston and
weight upward. If the piston and weight are raised 1.7 ft, what is the work
done by the gas in ft-lbf?
A. 3.66x103 ft-lbf C. -3.66x103 ft-lbf
3
B. 4.87x10 ft-lbf D. -4.87x103 ft-lbf

6. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight?


A. 425 ft-lbf C. 309 ft-lbf
B. 186 ft-lbf D. 274 ft-lbf

For numbers 7 to 9:
7. For a certain gas R = 25.8 ft-lbf/lb-R and γ = 1.09. What are the values
of Cp in BTU/lb-R?
A. 0.2 C. 0.5
B. 0.4 D. 0.6

8. What mass of this gas would occupy of 15 cu ft at 75 psia and 800F?


A. 11.6 C. 13.6
B. 17.1 D. 19.2

9. If 30 BTU are added to this gas at constant volume, what is the resulting
pressure?
A. 70 psia C. 72 psia
B. 76 psia D. 78 psia
1
For numbers 10 to 11:
Calculate ∆U and ∆H for 1 kg of water when it is vaporized at the constant
temperature of 1000C and the constant pressure of 101.33 kPa. The specific
volumes of liquid and vapor water at these conditions are 0.00104 and 1.673
m3/kg. For this change, heat in the amount of 2256.9 kJ is added to the
water.

10. ∆U
A. 0 kJ C. 2256.9 kJ
B. 2087.5 kJ D. 169.4 kJ

11. ∆H
A. 0 kJ C. 2256.9 kJ
B. 2087.5 kJ D. 169.4 kJ

For numbers 12 to 14:


In the following take Cv = 20.8 and Cp = 29.1 J/mol0C for nitrogen gas:

12. Three moles of nitrogen at 300C, contained in a rigid vessel, it is


heated to 2500C. How much heat is required if the vessel has negligible heat
capacity?
A. 12.6 kJ C. 13.7 kJ
B. 10.9 kJ D. 11.8 kJ

13. If the vessel weighs 100 kg and has a heat capacity of 0.5 kJ/kg0C, how
much heat is required?
A. 11x103 kJ c. 10x103 kJ
B. 12x103 kJ d. 13x103 kJ

14. Four moles of nitrogen at 2000C is contained in a piston/cylinder


arrangement. How much heat must be extracted from this system, which is kept
at constant pressure, to cool it to 400C if the heat capacity of the piston
and cylinder is neglected?
A. -18.62 kJ C. -16.03 kJ
B. -12.55 kJ D. -15.47 kJ

15. Steam at 200 psia and 6000F enters a turbine through a 3-in diameter pipe
with a velocity of 10 ft/s. The exhaust from the turbine is carried through
a 10-in diameter pipe is at 5 psia and 2000F. What is the power output of
the turbine?
H1 = 1322.6 BTUlb V1 = 3.058 ft3/lb
H2 = 1148.6 BTU/lb V2 = 78.14 ft3/lb
A. 33.2 hp C. 26.7 hp
B. 20.1 hp D. 39.5 hp

16. In a waste treatment plant, hazardous chemicals are oxidized to less


toxic chemicals by bubbling air through the waste solution. This process is
known as aeration. The rate of aeration is governed by the COD (chemical
oxygen demand). In a pilot unit, an air blower supplies 172 g mol of air/min
to the aerator. The blower uses 1.2 kW. The inlet gas flow rate is 3.32
m3/min at a temperature of 307 K and a pressure of P1. Determine the final
temperature of the gas assuming the process is adiabatic, and that the blower
is 100% efficient.
A. 348 K C. 336 K
B. 315 K D. 321 K

For numbers 17 to 19:


Calculate the degrees of freedom from the phase rule for the following
materials at equilibrium

2
17. A mixture of ice and water only
A. zero C. two
B. one D. three

18. A mixture of liquid benzene, benzene vapor, and helium gas


A. zero C. two
B. one D. three

19. A mixture of salt and water designed to achieve a specific vapor pressure.
A. zero C. two
B. one D. three

20.A two-stage compressor has water-jacketed cylinders and a water cooled


inter cooler. The compressor takes in 500 cfm of "free" air at 14.7 psia and
800F and discharges it into a receiver in which the pressure remains constant.
Cooling water flows through jackets and the intercooler at the rate of 4
gpm, the water entering at 800F and leaving at 1200F. Assuming that the heat
loss from the compressor to its surroundings is negligible, calculate the
horsepower supplied to the compressor if the
enthalpy of the air increases by 41 BTU/lb.
A. 67 hp C. 55 hp
B. 43 hp D. 30 hp

For numbers 21 to 22:


A Carnot engine receives 500 kJ of heat per cycle from a high temperature
heat reservoir at 652 0C and rejects heat to a low temperature heat reservoir
at 300C. Determine

21. Thermal efficiency of this cycle


A. 67% C. 88%
B. 73% D. 50%

22. Amount of heat rejected to the low temperature reservoir


A. 158 kJ C. 190 kJ
B. 142 kJ D. 164 kJ

For numbers 23 to 25:


Air, considered to be an ideal gas, is used in a Carnot cycle. At the
beginning of isothermal expansion, its pressure is 100 psia, its volume is
5 ft3 and its temperature is 5400F. For a ratio of isothermal expansion of 2
and a low temperature of 400F, find:

23. The change of entropy during the isothermal process


A. 0.065 BTU/R C. 0.051 BTU/R
B. 0.022 BTU/R D. 0.080 BTU/R

24. The work of the cycle


A. 44 BTU C. 22 BTU
B. 33 BTU D. 55 BTU

25. The thermal efficiency of the cycle


A. 47% C. 50%
B. 38% D. 66%

For numbers 26 to 28:


What pressure is generated when 1 lbmol of methane is stored in a volume of
2 ft3 at 1220F? Base calculations on each of the following:

26. The ideal-gas equation


A. 188 atm C. 234 atm
B. 175 atm D. 212 atm

3
27. The Redlich/Kwong equation
A. 166 atm C. 188 atm
B. 213 atm D. 228 atm

28. A generalized correlation


A. 159 atm C. 190 atm
B. 210 atm D. 257 atm

For numbers 29 to 30:


A cylinder contains 3 kg of liquid water and water vapor mixture in
equilibrium at a pressure of 500 kPa. The volume of the cylinder is 1 m3.
Calculate:

29. The temperature of the mixture


A. 397 K C. 388 K
B. 432 K D. 425 K

30. The volume of the liquid water


A. 0.37 L C. 0.25 L
B. 0.42 L D. 0.59 L

31. The mass of the water vapor


A. 2.89 kg C. 2.93 kg
B. 2.67 kg D. 2.74 kg

32. A 34 kg steel casting at a temperature of 4270C is quenched in 136 kg of


oil initially at 210C. Assuming no heat losses of the steel casting and oil
to have constants specific heats of 0.5024 and 2.5121 kJ/kg-K respectively,
determine the change in entropy for a system consisting of the oil and
casting.
A. 8 kJ/K C. 6 kJ/K
B. 9 kJ/K D. 7 kJ/K

33. In an air-standard Otto cycle, the pressure at the beginning of the


compression step is 1 bar and the pressure at the end of the step is 15 bar.
If the maximum pressure is 75 bar, determine the mean effective pressure in
kPa.
A. 1360 kPa C. 1110 kPa
B. 1280 kPa D. 1050 kPa

34. Given the following volume of an ideal Diesel Cycle: 1.8 ft3/lb, 3.7
ft3/lb and 19.6 ft3/lb. Determine the thermal efficiency.
A. 55 C. 63
B. 49 D. 39

35. Given the following pressures of an ideal Diesel Cycle: 14.5 psia, 65
psia and 627 psia. Determine the thermal efficiency.
A. 55 C. 63
B. 49 D. 39

For numbers 36 to 37:


Two Carnot engines are operating in series. The first one absorbs heat at a
temperature of 1111 K and rejects heat to the second engine at a temperature
T. The second engine receives the heat at the intermediate temperature T and
rejects it to a reservoir at 300 K. Calculate T if

36. The efficiencies of two engines are equal.


A. 577 K C. 705 K
B. 621 K D. 818 K

37. The works done by the two engines are equal.


A. 577 K C. 705 K
B. 621 K D. 818 K
4
For numbers 38 to 40:
Calculate the molar volume for ethylene at 250C and 12 bar by the following
equations:

38. The truncated virial equation with the following experimental values of
virial coefficients:
B = -140 cm3/mol C = 7200 cm6/mol2
A. 1919 cm3/mol C. 1924 cm3/mol
3
B. 1926 cm /mol D. 1908 cm3/mol

39. The truncated virial equation with the value of B from the generalized
Pitzer correlation.
A. 1919 cm3/mol C. 1924 cm3/mol
3
B. 1926 cm /mol D. 1908 cm3/mol

40. The Redlich/Kwong equation


A. 1901 cm3/mol C. 1913 cm3/mol
B. 1917 cm3/mol D. 1920 cm3/mol

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