Macromolecules

DOWAL SCHOOL
CHEMISTRY
MACROMOLECULES
MS. ZELWA
. EMILY HERNÁNDEZ & IVANA MARTÍNEZ
10A
MACROMOLECULES
EMILY HERNÁNDEZ & IVANA MARTÍNEZ
Macromolecules
Macromolecules are large, complex molecules

that play critical roles in the structure and
function of living organisms. They are formed
by polymerization of smaller subunits called
monomers.
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are molecules that

contain carbon and are found in all living
Importance to Life things. Macromolecules are a type of organic
compound.
Macromolecules are essential for life as they

make up the structural components of cells,
store energy, carry genetic information, and
facilitate biochemical reactions.
TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES
1. 2. 3.
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Structure: Made of monosaccharides

Structure: Made of glycerol and fatty Structure: Made of amino acids linked by
(simple sugars) like glucose.
acids. peptide bonds.
Function: Provide energy and structural
Function: Store energy, form cell Function: Catalyze biochemical
support in plants (cellulose).
membranes, and act as signaling reactions (enzymes), provide structural
Examples: Glucose (found in fruits), starch
molecules. support, transport molecules, and more.
(found in potatoes), cellulose (found in plant
Examples: Fats (butter), oils (olive oil), Examples: Hemoglobin (in blood),
cell walls).
phospholipids (cell membranes), steroids collagen (in connective tissues), enzymes
(cholesterol). (like lactase).
4.
Nucleic Acids
Structure: Made of nucleotides (sugar,

phosphate group, nitrogenous base).
Function: Store and transmit genetic
information.
Examples: DNA (in the nucleus of cells),
RNA (involved in protein synthesis).
RELATION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Macromolecules as Organic Compounds
Macromolecules like carbohydrates, lipids,

proteins, and nucleic acids are organic
compounds made primarily of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen,
Common Elements
phosphorus, or sulfur.
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O),
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S).
Importance of Carbon
Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds

makes it uniquely suited to form complex,
stable molecules that constitute living
matter.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS QUESTIONS
1. Properties of Carbon and Organic 2. Structure and Function of 3. Comparison of Carbohydrates and
Molecule Diversity: Macromolecules at the Cellular Level: Lipids in Energy Storage:
Carbon's ability to form four bonds makes it Proteins like enzymes help speed up reactions in Carbohydrates provide quick and easily
possible for it to create a wide variety of stable cells. Carbohydrates supply energy, while lipids accessible energy, such as glucose. Lipids, on
compounds, such as long chains, branched form cell membranes, and nucleic acids store the other hand, provide long-term energy
structures, and ring-shaped molecules. This genetic information. The structure of each storage. Although lipids store more energy per
flexibility is crucial for the formation of the macromolecule is directly related to its specific gram, they are not as readily accessible as
complex molecules needed for life. function. carbohydrates.
4. Impact of Protein Structure 5. Nucleic Acids in Heredity and 6. Applications of Macromolecule

Changes on Function: Evolution: Understanding in Medical Science or
Biotechnology:
A change in a protein's structure, caused by a DNA carries genetic information passed
Understanding how proteins function can help
mutation or denaturation, can interfere with from parents to offspring, influencing traits
develop new drugs, while knowledge of nucleic
its function. For instance, sickle cell anemia and driving evolution through mutations acids has enabled advancements in genetic
is caused by the substitution of just one and natural selection. engineering, personalized medicine, and
amino acid in the hemoglobin protein. therapies such as CRISPR.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Biomolecules. (2018, February 25). BYJUS; BYJU’S.

https://byjus.com/biology/biomolecules/
National Research Council (US) Committee on Research Opportunities. (1989). Molecular

structure and function. National Academies Press.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK217812/
Structure and function. (n.d.). Asbmb.org. Retrieved September 9, 2024, from

https://www.asbmb.org/education/core-concept-teaching-strategies/foundational-
concepts/structure-function
(N.d.). Opentextbc.Ca. Retrieved September 9, 2024, from

https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/2-3-biological-molecules/

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DOWAL SCHOOL

Macromolecules are large, complex molecules

Organic compounds are molecules that

Macromolecules are essential for life as they

Structure: Made of monosaccharides

Structure: Made of nucleotides (sugar,

Macromolecules as Organic Compounds

Macromolecules like carbohydrates, lipids,

Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds

4. Impact of Protein Structure 5. Nucleic Acids in Heredity and 6. Applications of Macromolecule

Biomolecules. (2018, February 25). BYJUS; BYJU’S.

National Research Council (US) Committee on Research Opportunities. (1989). Molecular

Structure and function. (n.d.). Asbmb.org. Retrieved September 9, 2024, from

(N.d.). Opentextbc.Ca. Retrieved September 9, 2024, from

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