JavaScript & Node.

js Basics with MongoDB - Guide

1. JavaScript Basics

Example:

```javascript

let name = 'Alice';

const age = 25;

if (age >= 18) {

console.log('Adult');

} else {

console.log('Minor');

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

console.log(i);

function greet(name) {

return `Hello, ${name}!`;

console.log(greet(name));

```

Sample Question:

- Write a function that takes an array of numbers and returns the sum of all even numbers.
2. Iterators and Generators

Iterator Example:

```javascript

function makeIterator(arr) {

let index = 0;

return {

next: () => {

return index < arr.length ? { value: arr[index++], done: false } : { done: true };

};

```

Generator Example:

```javascript

function* numberGenerator() {

yield 1;

yield 2;

yield 3;

const gen = numberGenerator();

console.log(gen.next()); // { value: 1, done: false }

```

Sample Question:
- Create a generator function that generates an infinite sequence of numbers, starting from 1.

3. Promises

Example:

```javascript

function getData() {

return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

setTimeout(() => resolve("Data received"), 1000);

});

getData().then(result => console.log(result)).catch(error => console.error(error));

```

Sample Question:

- Write a function that returns a promise that resolves with "Success" after 2 seconds.

4. Asynchronous Programming (Async/Await)

Example:

```javascript

async function fetchData() {

try {

let response = await fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1');

let data = await response.json();

console.log(data);

} catch (error) {
 console.error('Error:', error);

fetchData();

```

Sample Question:

- Write an async function to fetch user data from a given URL and return the user's name.

5. Map, Filter, and Reduce

Example:

```javascript

let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

let squares = numbers.map(num => num * num);

let evenNumbers = numbers.filter(num => num % 2 === 0);

let sum = numbers.reduce((acc, num) => acc + num, 0);

```

Sample Question:

- Given an array of numbers, use `map` to double each number, then use `filter` to keep only even

numbers, and finally use `reduce` to get the sum of the remaining numbers.

6. Functions

Example:

```javascript
function multiply(a, b) {

return a * b;

const add = (a, b) => a + b;

console.log(multiply(3, 4)); // 12

console.log(add(3, 4)); // 7

```

Sample Question:

- Write a function that takes a list of numbers and returns an array with each number squared.

7. Arrays

Example:

```javascript

let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];

fruits.push("date");

let firstFruit = fruits.shift();

console.log(fruits); // ["banana", "cherry", "date"]

console.log(firstFruit); // "apple"

```

Sample Question:

- Write a function that takes an array and a value, then removes all instances of that value from the
array.

8. Destructuring

Example:

```javascript

const person = { name: 'Alice', age: 25 };

const { name, age } = person;

console.log(name); // Alice

console.log(age); // 25

const numbers = [1, 2, 3];

const [first, second] = numbers;

console.log(first, second); // 1 2

```

Sample Question:

- Given an object with properties `name`, `age`, and `country`, destructure these properties into

individual variables.

9. JSON

Example:

```javascript

const jsonData = '{"name": "Alice", "age": 25}';

const jsObject = JSON.parse(jsonData);

console.log(jsObject);
const jsonString = JSON.stringify(jsObject);

console.log(jsonString);

```

Sample Question:

- Convert a JavaScript object with properties `title`, `author`, and `year` into JSON format.

10. Node.js Application

Example: Simple HTTP Server

```javascript

const http = require('http');

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {

res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' });

res.end('Hello, World!');

});

server.listen(3000, () => {

console.log('Server running at http://localhost:3000/');

});

```

Sample Question:

- Write a Node.js application that serves an HTML file when a user visits `http://localhost:3000`.

11. MongoDB CRUD Operations

1. Install `mongodb` package:

```bash

npm install mongodb

```

Basic CRUD operations using MongoDB:

```javascript

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';

const client = new MongoClient(url);

const dbName = 'myDatabase';

async function main() {

await client.connect();

const db = client.db(dbName);

const collection = db.collection('myCollection');

await collection.insertOne({ name: 'Alice', age: 25 });

const person = await collection.findOne({ name: 'Alice' });

console.log(person);

await collection.updateOne({ name: 'Alice' }, { $set: { age: 26 } });

await collection.deleteOne({ name: 'Alice' });

main().catch(console.error);
```

Sample Question:

- Write a Node.js script to insert a new document, find it by a specific field, update one of its fields,

and then delete it.