DOMESTIC COLD WATER SUPPLY

 The domestic cold water supply of the plumbing

system consists of the piping and fittings which supply
cold water from the building water supply to the
fixtures, such as lavatories, bath, tubs, water closets
and kitchen sinks. This is also known as water
distribution system.
Elements of water Distribution
system
1. Water service or house service
2. Water meter
3. Horizontal supply main or distribution main
4. Riser
5. Fixture branches
6. Valves and control
7. Storage tanks
Elements of water Distribution system
Elements of water Distribution system
In isometric View
SERVICE TAP CONNECTION DETAIL

 CORPORATION COCK- a valve screwed into the street water main to supply
the house service connection.
 GOOSE NECK- the part of a pipe curve like the neck of a goose, usually
flexible.
 CURB STOP- A control valve for the water supply of a building, usually placed
in case of emergency or should the water supply of the building be
discontinued.
WATER CONNECTION DETAIL

 WATER METER- a mechanical device used to measure the volume of water

passing through a pipe.
 METER STOP- A valve placed at the street side of the water meter and serves
as a controlling device for the building installation.
 Shower Connection
 Kitchen Sink
Connection
 Water Closet
Connection
 Lavatory Connection
SHOWER FIXTURE CONNECTION DETAIL
WATER CLOSET AND LAVATORY FIXTURE CONNECTION DETAIL
GENERAL TYPES OF WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
1. UPFEED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM - A distribution system where water,
supplied directly from municipal mains, is fed upward via vertical piping to
the highest point of the building.
a. Direct system - is one where the raising main feeds directly
the cold water taps and a multi point water heater
b. Pneumatic air-pressure system - Pneumatics work by using
air pressure. The basic pneumatic system uses a storage tank in
which the air pressure can be pumped up with the bike pump,
pneumatic tubing to connect the devices, a valve to control the
release of pressure, and a pneumatic cylinder.

2. DOWNFEED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM – a water distribution system in

which the water distribution main is located at the top of the pressure zone ;
the distribution-main supplies the risers that distributes waters downward to
the lowest point of the zone.
Direct system
Pneumatic air-pressure system
Downfeed (Overhead) Distribution system
Combination of Upfeed and Downfeed System
Materials for Mains, Risers and Branches
 Galvanized Iron (G.I.)
Pipes and fittings, schedule
40- is moderately corrosion
resistant and suitable for
mildly acid water. It is
connected to its fitting with
threaded connections. It is
available in diameters form
12 mm (1/2”) to 300 mm
(12”) at a length of 6 meters
(20 feet).
 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Pipes and fittings, schedule
40- is economy and ease of
instruction make it popular,
especially on low budget
projects.
Materials for Mains, Risers and Branches
 Polybutylene (PB) pipe - is
a form of plastic resin and
was commonly used for
plumbing U.S. homes built
between 1978 and 1995. Due
to its inexpensive
production cost and ability
to withstand high water
pressure, it was widely seen
as a better, cheaper
alternative to copper
plumbing.
 Polyethylene (PE) pipe - is
a more durable and stronger
pipe type than other pipe
raw materials. Polyethylene
pipe, which is produced by
combining raw materials of
different densities, has a
strong structure resistant to
high pressure.
Materials for Mains, Risers and Branches
 Polypropylene (PPR)
pipes are less dense and
cheaper to transport than
metal fittings like copper
pipes. Polypropylene pipe
is used in many industrial
settings due to its
chemical and thermal
resistance, affordability,
and cost. It is frequently
used in waste streams of
all types, including
residential and
commercial
environments.
Materials for Mains, Risers and Branches
 Copper Pipes and
Tubing
a. Type K- used primarily
for underground water
service. It is color-coded
in green.
b. Type L- is most popular
for use in water supply
system. It is color-coded
in blue.
c. Type M- it has the
thinnest wall and is
used where water
pressure is not too
great. It is color-coded
in red.
SUPPLY PIPES FITTINGS
 A variety of fittings must be used to install the piping in
the project. Fittings are accessories usually standardized,
used for joining two or more pipes together.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SUPPLY PIPES FITTINGS?

a. Short nipple- below 75mm in length. Also known as shoulder nipple.

b. Long nipple- over 75mm in length.
c. Close nipple- where threading meet
VALVES
 Valves are used to control the flow of water throughout the
supply system. The proper location of valves simplifies repairs to
the system, fixtures, or equipment being served. There are
usually valves at:
a. Risers
b. Branches
c. pipes to individual fixture or equipment

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF VALVE?

1. Gate valve
2. Globe valve
3. Check Valve
4. Angle valve
5. Ball valve/ stop cock
6. Faucet/ Bibb
GATE VALVE
is generally used to completely shut off fluid flow or, in the fully open
position, provide full flow in a pipeline.
GLOBE VALVE
A globe valve, different from ball valve, is a type of valve used for
regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable plug or disc element
and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.
CHECK VALVE
 Check valve is a valve that closes to prevent backward flow
of liquid.
ANGLE VALVE
 Angle Valve is a device, usually of the globe type, in which
inlet and outlet are at right triangles.
BALL VALVE/STOP COCK
 Ball valves are shutoff valves that use a ball to stop or start
the flow of fluid downstream of the valve.
FAUCET
 a device by which a flow of liquid or gas from a pipe or
container can be controlled
TYPES OF PIPE JOINTS
 Threaded joints- used in Galvanized Iron (G.I.) pipes and
fittings. The thread extensions of the G.I. pipe are as
follows:

 Solder joints- for rigid and flexible copper tubing.

 Flared joints- for flexible copper tubing.
 Solvent weld or cement joint- for plastic pipe.