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PLC Unit 4

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19 views

PLC Unit 4

Uploaded by

viswaweb154
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Learning Objectives on PLC

 Relay Logic
 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
 Basic Component of PLC
 PLC System
 PLC Operating Cycle
 Specification of PLC
 Advantages of PLC over the Relay System
 Disadvantages of PLC
 Application of PLC
 Input Channel of PLC
 Output channel of PLC
 Ladder Diagram
 PLC Ladder Programming
 Selection Criteria of PLC
 PLC Programming
 Data Handling
 Case Studies on PLC
Need of PLC

• PLCs are the preferred method of controlling,


measuring, and carrying out tasks in complex
manufacturing and industrial applications because
they play nicely with other systems. PLCs work well
with PCs, PACs (programmable automation
controllers), motion control devices, and HMIs.
Basic Components of PLC

• PLC consists of following block –


1. Input module
2. CPU
3. Memory
4. Programming device
5. Output module
Input / Output Module
CPU
 It organizes all controllers Activity…...
 The CPU, which is a microprocessor, processes input signals
from sensors and devices connected to the PLC.
 It executes the control program stored in the PLC's memory,
making decisions based on the input data. Then, it sends
output signals to actuators or other devices to control the
process.
Memory
 Memory is the component that stores information, programs,
and data in a PLC. The process of putting new information
into a memory location is called writing.
 The process of retrieving information from a memory location
is called reading.
Programming Devices
 A programming device is a tool that is used to enter programs or
instructions into the memory of the PLC’s processor.
 The program is entered using a programming language called relay ladder
logic. As we learned previously, relay ladder logic is the most popular
programming languages. Rather than using words, relay ladder logic uses
graphic symbols to illustrate their intended outcome.
Ladder Diagram

 Ladder logic is basically a program that is represented


by a graphical diagram, which is based on a circuit
diagram of relay logic.
 This program contains two vertical lines called ‘rails’
and horizontal lines called ‘rungs’ which makes it
look like a perfect ladder.
 The graphical representation of an ladder logic
program is called as Ladder Logic diagram(LLD)
PLC Ladder Programming
Ladder Logic Structure
• Ladder logic diagram are graphical programming language
which executes through real time input.
• It has two vertical line, which is called as rails, the left rail
supplies power to the circuit, then it passes through each rung.
Each rung has switches and output coil.
Rail and Rung
• Vertical lines are called rails and the horizontal lines are called
rungs.
Normally Open and Close

• NO (Normally Open) and NC (Normally Closed) are used to


represent the state of current flow or contact in electronics
circuit, which is also used is PLC ladder logic programming.

Output/Coil
Output devices are such as motor, valve, indicator, lights
etc. but in LLD it is represented by vertical line with a label
representing the output device.

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