MGAO HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

ORDINARY IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

NTA LEVEL 6

RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUAREMENTS FOR ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY AT
MGAO HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO

HIGH PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI’S) AMONG
CARE SEEKING YOUTH (15-45) AT NJOMBE DISTRICT HOSPITAL IN NJOMBE
REGION

CANDIDATE NAME: ANNA MKINGA

CANDIDATE NUMBER: NS5188/0002/2018

SUPERVISOR: LEOPOD DANDA

2024
DECLARATION

I declare that the research proposal is my original work and has not been presented or written by
any person for the same award.

STUDENT NAME: ANNA MKINGA

SIGNATURE: ....................................

DATE: .................................................

i
CERTIFICATION

The undersigned certifies that I have read and here by recommends for acceptance by MGAO
HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE. A study topic entitled: “ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS
CONTRIBUTING PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI’S)
AMONG YOUTH (15-45) IN NJOMBE REGION AT NJOMBE DISTRICT HOSPITAL
FROM DECEMBER 2023 TO JAN 2024” in a partial fulfillment for the requirement of
Ordinary diploma in Nursing and Midwifery at MGAO HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE.

NAME SUPERVISOR…………………………………………………

SIGNATURE……………………………………..

DATE……………………………..

SCORE………………………………………..

GRADE……………………………………………..

NAME OF PRINCIPAL……………………………………….

SIGNATURE………………………………………………………

DATE…………………………………………..

EXTERNAL EXAMINER…………………………………….

SIGNATURE……………………………………………….

DATE………………………….

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to those who assisted me during development of
research proposal. Although it is difficult to mention them all but i will just mention few of them.
Firstly, God for the health and his guidance and protection in entire time of proposal
development.

I also direct my special thanks to MGAO HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE OF HEALTH

SCIENCE. Specifically, in nursing department for their organization on research study as well as
giving permission to conduct the study. I am grateful to the principal SIR KAYOMBO

Without forgetting subject Coordinator SIR ELIA and supervisor SIR LEOPOD DANDA, for
their contribution, guidance and encouragement which again enabled me to carry out this kind of
research.

I also thanks my father LONGINUS MKINGA for paying the school fee and encouraging me to
conduct this research.

Special thanks also go to my family for support and encouragement in entire time of research
development.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................i

CERTIFICATION...........................................................................................................................ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................................iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................vi

DEFINITION OF TERMS............................................................................................................vii

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................viii

CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1

1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1

1.1 BACKGROUNG INFORMATION..........................................................................................1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT........................................................................................................2

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................3

1.3.1 BROAD OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................3

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................3

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.......................................................................................................3

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS.....................................................................................................3

1.5.1 ALTENALTIVE HYPOTHESIS........................................................................................3

1.5.2 NULL HYPOTHESIS.........................................................................................................3

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY...................................................................................................3

1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK..............................................................................................4

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................5

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................................5

CHAPTER THREE.........................................................................................................................7

3.0 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................7

iv
3.1 STUDY DESIGN......................................................................................................................7

3.2 STUDY SETTING/AREA........................................................................................................7

3.3 STUDY POPULATION............................................................................................................7

3.3.1 INCLUSION CRITERIA....................................................................................................7

3.3.2 EXCLUSION CRITERIA...................................................................................................7

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE..........................................................................................................................7

3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE.......................................................................................................8

3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION AND DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS.........8

3.7 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY.............................................................................................8

3.8 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION...........................................................................8

3.10. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION..............................................................................................8

3.11. DISSEMINATION OF THE RESULTS................................................................................9

APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................10

APENDIX 1: BUDGET................................................................................................................10

APPENDIX 2: WORKING PLAN................................................................................................11

APPENDEX 3: INFORMED CONSENT FORM.........................................................................12

APPENDEX 4: FOMU YA IDHINI.............................................................................................14

APPENDIX 5: QUESTIONAIRE.................................................................................................16

APENDIX 6: DODOSO LA MASWALI......................................................................................18

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21

v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

FGM Female Genital Mutilation

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

LMIC Low and Middle-Income Countries

RTIs Reproductive Tract Infection

SSA Sub Saharan Africa

STI Sexually Transmitted Infection

WHO World Health Organization

vi
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Care-Seeking; Any action undertaken by individual who perceive themselves to have a health
problem

Prevalence; refers to the number of cases of sexual transmitted infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections; Are a group of infections for which the primary mode of
transmission is through sexual contact other than HIV/AIDS

Youth; A period between childhood and adult age

vii
ABSTRACT

Background; sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are mojar public health challenge,
particularly in developing countries. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a group of
infections for which the primary mode of transmission is through sexual contact. Some of the
common STIs other than HIV/AIDS include bacterial vaginosis, herpes, chlamydia,
trichomonas’s, gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus and syphilis.

Objective, This study therefore aim to assess factors contributing high prevalence of Sexual
transmitted infection among youth (15-45 years) at Njombe district hospital in njombe region
from December 2023 to January 2024.

Methodology, A descriptive cross-sectional study will be employed on 52 respondants for two

month, The factors contributing high preverence of STIs to care seeking youth I will use An
interviewer administered questionnaire will be used to collect the data. The study will be
conducted at Njombe district hospital in Njombe region and study involved care-seeking youth
(15-45 years) diagnosed with STIs at Njombe town council hospital in Njombe region, Tanzania.

viii
CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUNG INFORMATION

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a group of infections for which the primary mode of
transmission is through sexual contact. Some of the common STIs other than HIV/AIDS include
bacterial vaginosis, herpes, chlamydia, trichomonas’s, gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus and syphilis.

Globally, there is an estimated 376.4 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections
(STIs), including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, syphilis and Trichomonas
vaginalis among people aged 15-45years, every year. The WHO estimates that Sub-Saharan
Africa bears approximately 40% of the global burden of STIs (WHO., 2016-2021)

The WHO estimates that Sub-Saharan Africa bears approximately 40% of the global burden of
STIs (Newman et al. 2015; Seidu et al.2020;Torrone et ai.2018; warld health organization 2016).
Symptomatic and asymptomatic STIs are the major cause of morbidity in developing countries
and can cause infertility, cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory diseases and pregnancy
complications. Furthermore, evidence suggests that STIs can increase the risk of acquisition and
transmission of HIV.Several studies from Sub-Saharan Africa have identified women of
reproductive age as at high risk of STIs (Reynolds et al 2006). Social-behavioral risk factors for
STIs in this group include low level of education,not being married,multiple sex partners,alcohol
and drug use,and early sexual debut.Additionally, key population such as men who have sex
with,transgender women and commercial sex workers are at increased risk of STIs acquisition.

Data from two large population-based Tanzanian studies done over a decade ago also suggest
that youth group is at high risk for STIs,with the prevalence for Chlamydia, syphilis and
gonorrhea reported to be between 04 and 5.0% and the STI prevalence generally being higher
among girls than boys(Doyle AM et al .,2010). One of these studies also examined sexual
behavior and found similar high-risk behavior patterns as seen globally in LMIC/ in other SSA
countries. Furthermore, fewer than 15% of secondary school students had comprehensive
knowledge on STI symptoms (Mwambete KD et al., 2006) and only-half of 15-45 years old
males and one third of females knew about STI transmission. To our knowledge, no recent
results have been reported on STI burden and contributing factors from research studies either

1
Prevalence of STI in Njombe region were high: syphilis 9%, herpes simplex virus 2 antibodies,
87%; chlamydia, 12%; gonorrhea, 40%(G Riedner et al.,2003). Study conducted in Njombe
region revealed high risk sexual during the past year (having multiple causal partners) was
associated with prevalent STI.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Adolescents, especially female adolescents, are particularly vulnerable to acquisition of STI

because of biological, cognitive and social-cultural factors (Shrier LA., 2004)

Globally one-third of new sexually transmitted infection (STIs) cases occurs in people under 25
years of age every year. In developing countries particularly sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of
STI is very high with 108 million STIs occurring every day

Globally, there is an estimated 376.4 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections
(STIs), including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, syphilis and Trichomonas
vaginalis among people aged 15-49years, every year. The WHO estimates that Sub-Saharan
Africa bears approximately 40% of the global burden of STIs. Symptomatic and asymptomatic

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a significant cause of morbidity among adolescents
with multiple consequences (Santelli JS et al., 1999).In addition to some STI increasing the risk
of HIV transmission, also problematic is the long term sequelae which include infertility, tubal
pregnancy, chronic pain in the pelvis and cervical cancer.(Laga M 2015).

It is estimated that 80 to 90% of the global burden of STIs occur in those with low-income
countries where there is limited or no access to diagnostic facilities and poor awareness

Despite steady advances in diagnosis, treatment and public health interventions, sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) continues to affect a large population of those living in resource-
limited settings. While much research on factors associated with STIs in youth has been carried
out in other countries, very little is known about these associating factors among care seeking
youth attending at Njombe town council hospital in Njombe region

Hence the current study is conducted to cover the gap of information on factors associated with
STIs among care-seeking youth attending at Njombe district hospital in Njombe Region.

2
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 BROAD OBJECTIVES

To assess factors contributing high prevalence of Sexual transmitted infection among youth (15-
45 years) at Njombe district hospital in njombe region

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

i. To assess factors associated with Sexual transmitted infection among care-seeking youth
(15-45 years) at Njombe district hospital in Njombe
ii. To assess the knowledge of using condoms among care-seeking youth (15-45 years) at
Njombe district hospital in Njombe Region

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

i. What are factors associated with Sexual transmitted infection among (15-45 years) at
Njombe district hospital?
ii. Does using condoms during sexual intercourse contribute STIs among care-seeking youth
(15-45 years) at Njombe district hospital in Njombe Region?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

1.5.1 ALTENALTIVE HYPOTHESIS

Without using knowledge of condoms during sexual intercourse contribute STIs among care-
seeking youth (15-45 years) at Njombe district hospital in Njombe region

1.5.2 NULL HYPOTHESIS

Proper use knowledge of condom during sexual intercourse facilitates STIs among care-seeking
youth (15-45 years) at Njombe district hospital in Njombe Region

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

Youth frequently report STI symptoms and high risk sexual behavior, yet had very low
knowledge of STI and the factors associated with it. The finding of this study will highlight the
factors associated with STI among youth, stronger youth education based on identified factors
and inclusion of private facilities might be needed in order to raise the level of STI knowledge
and associated factors, lower STI prevalence and reduce HIV incidence among youth.

3
1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Risk sexual Socio-economic

behaviors
Occupation
Multiple partner
Lack of
Not using information on
condom STI

Alcohol and

STI
s
Biological Cultural
factors factors

Age FGM

Gender Widow
inheritance

4
CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Factors contributing to sexual transmitted infection

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a significant cause of morbidity among adolescents
with multiple consequences (Santelli JS et al., 1999).In addition to some STI increasing the risk
of HIV transmission, also problematic is the long term sequelae which include infertility, tubal
pregnancy, chronic pain in the pelvis and cervical cancer.(Laga M 2015). Adolescents, especially
female adolescents, are particularly vulnerable to acquisition of STI because of biological,
cognitive and social-cultural factors (Shrier LA., 2004)

There are many factors which facilitate STI transmission in the community including risky
sexual behaviors’ such as: having multiple partners or not practicing safe sex, socio-economic
factors such as transactional sex or lack of information on STIs (STIs/RTIs Service Providers
Manual 2008)

Sub-Saharan Africa bears approximately 40% of the global burden of STIs (WHO., 2016-
2021).Several studies from Sub-Saharan Africa have identified women of reproductive age as at
high risk for STIs(Ginindza.et al.,2017).Socio-behavioral risk factors for STIs in this group
include low levels of education, not being married, multiple sex partners, alcohol and drug use
and early sexual debut.

Several studies have examined some correlates of STIs in adolescents. Factors associated with
individual include early age at initiation of sexual activity, alcohol and drug use before sex,
having multiple sexual partners and condom availability and use. (Diclemente RJ et al., 2002)

Diclemente et al found that female adolescents who had sexual relation while drinking alcohol
were two times more likely to have had a diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections compared
to adolescent who never had an STI.

A study conducted in Ghana revealed that lack of knowledge of source of male condom and not
discussing family planning and STI with partner were found to be associated with STI(S Ohene&
IO Akoto (2008)

5
Others study revealed having sexual relation at a young age and having the history of STI were
statistically significant associated with STI. (Oskar AyerdiAguirrebengoa et al 2020). A study
conducted in Uganda showed that age at sexual debut, frequency of sexual intercourse, having
changed sexual partners, number of sexual partners and age when the respondent had a first sex
were associated with STIS. (Michael OdongoOsinde et al .2012).A study conducted semi-rural
Tanzania showed delayed sexual initiation was significantly associated with lower reporting of
STI symptoms. (Ramadhan Abdul et al., 2018)

Knowledge on Condom Use to Sexual transmitted infections

Condoms in world health organizations; this is the fact sheet that provides an overview of
benefits, effectiveness, and challenges of condom use for preventing STIs, including HIV and
unplanned pregnancies. It also highlights the need of comprehensive condom programming and
innovative communication interventions to increase condom use.

Global sexually transmitted infections program; this is a web page from the WHO that describes
the role of condoms in STIs prevention and control. It outlines the key principles and
components of comprehensive condom programming and the barriers to condom use.

UNFPA, WHO and UNAIDS; position statement on condom and HIV prevention, other
sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies; This is a joint statement from three
UN agencies that reaffirms the importance of condom as a critical component in a
comprehensive and sustainable approach to the prevention of HIV and other STIs and
unintended pregnancies. It also calls for increased political commitment; funding and
coordination to ensure universal access to quality assured condoms and related services.

6
CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 STUDY DESIGN

Descriptive cross-sectional study will be employed.

3.2 STUDY SETTING/AREA

The study will be conducted at Njombe district hospital in Njombe region in Tanzania

3.3 STUDY POPULATION

Study involved care-seeking youth (15-45 years) diagnosed with STIs at Njombe district hospital
in Njombe region, Tanzania.

3.3.1 INCLUSION CRITERIA

This study will include men and women with age 15 to 45 years

3.3.2 EXCLUSION CRITERIA

This study will exclude women and men aged less than 15 years and above 45 years

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE

The estimation of sample size obtained by using the formula:

2
z P(1−P)
N= 2
e
( 1.96 )2 (0.035)(1−0.035)
N= 2
=51.9=52
(0.05)
N=52

Where e=0.05; Z=1.96;P= 0.035( estimation in Mbeya)

; q=1-P; no= Sample size

Total number of participants will be 52

7
3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Non-probability sampling especially convenience will be used in data collection at the field area

Simple random sampling technique will be used by selecting randomly care-seeking youth (15-
45 years) attending at Njombe district hospital in Njombe region on the day of data collection.

3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION AND DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS

Administration of questionnaire will be used to collect information from study participant. An

interviewer administered questionnaire will be used to collect the data. The questionnaire will be
developed by reviewing previous research done on a similar topic.

3.7 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Validity and reliability of the data collection tool will be obtained through pre-test on data
collection tool. Prior to data collection questionnaire will be pre-tested by ten randomly selected
care-seeking youth with similar characteristics to the study population. Then questionnaire will
be modified accordingly before being used.

3.8 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

The questionnaire will be checked visually for completeness, and missing data checked for
accuracy and errors then coded for analysis. Descriptive statistics will be calculated manually by
using scientific calculator to describe socio-demographic characteristics of participant.
Inferential analysis will be done to describe association of the factors associated with STI in
study population. Finding will be presented numerically, narratively, tabular form and
graphically.

3.10. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

The study will approve by MGAO Health Training Institute. Official letter will be written to
hospital administration. In addition to that, the informed written and verbal consent will be
obtained from respondent after explaining the purpose of the data

8
3.11. DISSEMINATION OF THE RESULTS

At the end of the study, report will be written, report copies I will submit to MGAO Health
Training Institute, Other copy I will provide to the hospital management which in turn could be
used in planning and designing specific intervention based on the identified the factors.

9
APPENDICES

APENDIX 1: BUDGET

Item Quantity Tsh/unit Total

Proposal Printing and Binding 25pages 500 12,500

Questionnaire printing 50pages 500 25,000

7 days (Go
Transport fee 3000 21,000
and return)

Food 1meal 1000 49,000

Scientific culculator 1 30,000 30,000

Report binding and Submission 1 5000 3000

TOTAL 140,500

10
 APPENDIX 2: WORKING PLAN

Responsible 10,DEC- 17,DEC- 24,DEC- 31,DEC- 7,JAN- 14,JAN- 21JAN,-

Activity
Person 16,DEC 23,DEC 30,DEC 6,JAN 13,JAN 20JAN 27,JAN

Research
Researcher
title

Research
Researcher
proposal

Data Researcher
collections

Data Researcher
Analysis

Report Researcher
writing

Report
Submission

11
APPENDEX 3: INFORMED CONSENT FORM

ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING HIGH PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL

TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI’S) AMONG CARE SEEKING YOUTH (15-45) IN
NJOMBE REGION AT NJOMBE DISTRICT HOSPITAL

INVESTIGATOR: ANNA LONGINUS MKINGA

THIRD YEAR STUDENT AT MGAO HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE

P.O. BOX 55

NJOMBE

PURPOSE OF STUDY

To asses factors contributing to high prevalence of sexual transmitted infections among youth
attending at njombe district hospital

Risk: There are no risks involved in participating in the study

Benefit: To create awareness to the patient on sexual transimitted infections

Confidential: Information you will provide will be kept strictly confidential

Right to participate:

Participation on this study is voluntary you can choose not to answer any individual questions or
all question. However I hope that you will participate full this study since your views are
important.

12
QUESTION

IN CASE OF ANY QUESTION FEEL FREE TO CONTACT

NAME: ANNA LONGINUS MKINGA

PHONE NUMBER: 0628273318

THE CONSENT

I have already read and understood this consent. I have no further question and i understand that
by sinning this for below.

I have signed this consent for my own decision without any force from anybody.

I have my copy of the consent to keep compensation: There are no a payment involved in the
study.

Signature of participant: ……………… Date…………...............……

Signature of researcher: ……… ……….. Date……...............................

13
APPENDEX 4: FOMU YA IDHINI

KICHWA CHA HABARI

VISABABISHI VINAVYOPELEKEA KUPATA MAGONJWA YA ZINAA KATIKA
VIJANA WA UMRI WA MIAKA (15-45) WANAOHUDHURIA KATIKA HOSIPITALI YA
WILAYA NJOMBE MJINI
JINA LA MTAFITI; ANNA LONGINUS MKINGA
MWANAFUNZI WA MWAKA WA TATU KUTOKA CHUO CHA AFYA MGAO, KADA
YA UUGUZI NA UKUNGA
SANDUKU LA POSTA 55,
NJOMBE

DHUMUNI LA UTAFITI
Kuangalia Visababishi Vinavyopelekea Kupata magonjwa ya zinaa katika vijana wa umri
wamiaka (15-4) Wanao hudhuria Katika Hospitali ya wilaya njombe mjini
HASARA
Hakuna hasara yoyote atakayoipata mshiriki atakaeshiri katika utafiti huu.
FAIDA
Utafiti huu unamfanya mshiriki aweze kujua zaidi kuhusu magonjwa yazinaa
USILI
Taarifa zote atakazotoa mshiriki zitawekwa katika hari yausiri isiyoweza kusomwa na mshiriki
mwigine.
UHURU WA KUSHIRIKI
Mshiriki halazimishwi kushiriki katika utafiti huu kama hayupo tayari kushiriki pia mshiriki
hatolazimishwa kujibu maswali kama hatokuwa tayari kuyajibu. Lakini matumaini yangu
behiriki wote mtashiriki kikamilifu katika utafiti huu

14
MASWALI
KAMA KUNA SHIDA AU SWALI LOLOTE LINALO HUSU UTAFITI HUU NTAFUTE
KAMA
JINA LA MTAFITI: ANNA LONGINUS MKINGA
NAMBA YA SIMU: 0628273318

ADDRES: MGAO HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE

KUSAINI MAKUBALIANO

Nimesoma nakuelewa vizuri fomu hii yamakubaliano katika kushiriki utafiti hivyo nitasaini
katika maelezo hapo chini.
Nina saini fomu hii bila kulazimishwa namtu yoyote hivyo nimeridhika kushiriki katika utafiti
huu.
Nina chapisho la fomu hii nilioijaza yamakubaliano kushiriki katika utafiti hivyo hakuna malipo
yoyote katika utafiti huu.
Sahihi yamshiriki…………………… Tarehe………………………….............

Sahihiyamtafiti……………………. Tarehe…………………………..........

15
APPENDIX 5: QUESTIONAIRE

ASSESMENT OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL

TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING NJOMBE DISTRICT
HOSPITAL

Dear respondents, your requested to answer the following questions carefully as you can. The
information you give will be very useful to reduce the risk of sexual transmitted infections.

INSTRUCTION;

Do not write your name in this paper provided

Do not share your opinion with any one

Put ( √ ) for the correct answer in the bracket provided

Return this paper for the one who gave you

Demographic information of participants

1. Age (years)?

a) 15-25

b) 26-45

2. Sex?

a) Male

b) Female

3. Education status?

a) Primary or below

b) Secondary or above

16
Factors associated with sexual transmitted infections

4. which of the fallowing is a factor associated with sexual transmitted infections?

a) Unprotected sexual intercourse b) Money

5. Which of the fallowing is sign and symptoms of sexual transmitted infections?

a) Foul vaginal discharge b) Vomiting

6. What are the most common STIs among the care seeking youth?

a) Gonorrhea b) Malaria

Knowledge on condom use to sexual transmitted infections

7. Have you Used condom last sex with your causal partner

a) No b) Yes

8.Used condom at last sex with casual partners

a) Did not used a condom b) Used condom

9. Which of the the fallowing common misconceptions about condoms usage

a) Can cause reaction b) Decrease sexual desire

17
APENDIX 6: DODOSO LA MASWALI

KICHWA CHA UTAFITI: VISABABISHI VINAVYOPELEKEA KUPATA MAGONJWA

YA ZINAA KATIKA UMRI WA MIAKA (15-45) KWA VIJANA WANAOHUDHURIA
KATIKA HOSIPITALI YA WILAYA NJOMBE MJINI

Ndugu, unaombwa kujibu maswali yafuatayo (hapo chini) kwaumakini kadri uwezavyo. Taarifa
utoayo itasaidia kupunguza idadi yawatu wanaopata magonjwa ya zinaa.

Maelezo;

Usiandike jina lako katika karatasihii.

Usichangie au kushirikiana namtu mwingine kujibu maswali haya.

Weka alama ya vema (√) kwenye mabano katika jibu sahihi.

Rudisha karatasi hii kwa aliyekupa (muhusika)

MASWALI

KIPENGELE A

Maelezo binafsi;

1) Umri

a) 15-25 ( ) b) 26-45 ( )

2) Kiwango cha Elimu

a) Shule yamsingi au chini ( )

b) Shule ya sekondari au juu ( )

18
3) Jinsia

a) Mwanaume ( ) b) mwanamke ( )

KIPENGELE B

Uelewa juu ya visababishi vinavyo pelekea magojwa yazinaa kwa wangojwa.

4) Vifuatavvyo ni visababishi vinavyo pelekea magonjwa ya zinaa

a) Ngono zembe ( )

b) Fedha ( )

5) Zifuatazo ni dalili za magonjwa ya zinaa isipokua

a) Halufu mbaya ukeni ( )

b) Miwasho ( )

6) Taja magonjwa ya zinaa ambayo ni komoni yana wakumba vijana

a) Kisonono ( )

b) Maleria ( )

Kuangalia jinsi gani matumizi ya condomu yanavyo pelekea magonjwa yazinaa

7) Je, mara ya mwisho kushirikiana na mpenzi wako kimapenzi ulitumia kondomu?

a) Ndiyo

b) Hapana

8) Je, ulitumia kondomu iliotumika mala ya mwisho kushirikiana kimapenzi na mwenza

wako?

a) Ndiyo ( )

b) Hapana ( )

19
9) Taja mitazamo hasi ya matumizi ya kondomu?

a) Miwasho
b) Inapunguza hamu ya kujamiiana

20
REFERENCES

1. Diclemente RJ et al., 2002.A case for Intensifying Clinic-Based Prevention Effort. Sex
Transm Dis 2002
2. Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) UNAIDS Global Report on the AIDS
Epidemic Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS, 2010. Available at;
3. Morris M, Goodreau S, Moody J. Sexual networks, Concurrency, and STD/HIV, Sexually
Transmitted Diseases, 2007, New York, McGraw-Hill.
4. National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)&Reproductive and Child Health Section 2008
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