Pump Report Pata

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PUMP

Pumps are the mechanical devices that use energy to


move fluids from one point to another .The main
application is to moves fluids ,such as gases oils and
water.

Classification of pumps
Centrifugal Pump
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed
to move a fluid by means of the transfer of rotational
energy from one or more driven rotors called
impeller. Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller
along its axis and is cast out by centrifugal force
along its circumference through the impeller’s vane
tips. The main function is converts the kinetic energy
in to the pressure energy with the involute casing .
casing also helps to guids the fluid in the pump and
takes to the delivery pipe.
Centrifugal Pump Parts
• An Impeller
• Diffuser or Volute Casing
• Shaft and shaft sleeves
• Bearing
• Mechanical Seals
• Packing
• Casing cover
Impeller
An impeller is a rotating comoponent of a centrifugal
pump that accelerates fluid outward from the center
of rotation thus transferring energy from the motor
the drives the pump to be fluid being pumped.

There are Three types of impeller in centrifugal pump



An open impeller has vanes that are open on
both sides without any protective shroud.

• Semi-open impeller
Semi open impeller have a back wall shroud
that’s adds mechanical strength to the vanes.
• Closed Impeller
Closed impeller has enclosed at the back and
front providing maximum strength .They have a
low NPSH required and a more efficient flow.

COUPLING
Coupling is the mechanical element part that
connects two shaft together at their ends for the
purpose of transmitting power.

Types of coupling
There are two type of coupling
1. Rigid coupling
2. Flexible coupling

Rigid Coupling
• Rigid coupling is used in higher torque and
speed
• Used in horizontal and vertical pumps
• Used in aligned shaft
• It is stiff and do not absorb vibration

Some of rigid coupling are:

1.Flang coupling

2.Muff Coupling
Flexible Coupling
It is used where there is misalignment of shaft.
It is not that much stiff as compared to the rigid
coupling, so they absorb vibrations

Some of flexible coupling are:


• Oldham coupling

• Universal coupling
Bearing
Bearing are the mechanical components used to
reduce friction and enables smooth motion
between two moving parts.

Bearing is used in centrifugal pump to support


the shaft from the radial and axial forces. It
prevents the shaft from the damage.

Mechanical seals
Mechanical seals is used to prevent leakages of fluids
from a rotating shaft . it is use pumps ,compressor
etc.
It is attached between a vessel and a rotating shaft.
Seals has 3 basic component
1.stationary face: stationary face is attached to the
wall of the vessel, and it also has o-ring to prevent
further leakage.
2.rotary face: rotary face is free to rotate and fixed
to the shaft and it has o-ring to prevent from further
leakage.
3.spring:spring is used to keep the faces pushed
together it self adjust the compression as two faces
slowly wear away.
Types of mechanical seal as per
arrangement

Seal flush plans


Different seals designs are used in different seal
arrangement to handles a very vast array of different
fluid application .In every case the seal must be
provided with a clean lubricating fluid to perform
properly.
Valve
A valve is a device or natural object that regulates
,directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids
,fluidized solids or slurries ) by opening closing or
partially obstructing various passageways.

Types of valve
1. Isolation Valve
• Gate valve
• Ball valve
• Butterfly valve

2.Control valve
• Globe valve
3.Non returning valve

Gate valve: Gate valve is a bi-directionol valve in


this valve of discharge or flow cannot be control and
inlet and outlet ports in the same axis.In which disc
moves up and down to open and close the passage
by rotating the disc.
Globe valve: in globe valve discharge is controlled ,
this is a uni-directional valve and inlet and outlet are
not in the same axis.it works by halting the flow of a
fluid through a pipe . There are two halves of the
body within the globe valve that are separted by
internal baffle.
Ball valve

Butterfly valve
Non returning valve

Vertical centrifugal pump


A verticle centrifugal pump is a type of pump where
the motor and pump are vertically aligned .it uses
centrifugal force to move fluid through pump with
the impeller rotating to increase the velocity of the
fluid. These pumps works when water enters the
pumps through a bell shaped part are called the
suction bell. It transport fluid by the conversion of
rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy
of the fluid.
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