,ay; 1

ciueil cyfk;
jpuhtpl nkhopf; FLk;gk;

1. jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; gphpTfs; ahit ?

jpuhtpl nkhopf; FLk;gk; epy mbg;gilapy; %d;W tifg;gLk;. mit

njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs;> tl jpuhtpl nkhopfs;> eLjpuhtpl nkhopfs;.

2. %d;W– vd;Dk; vz;Zg;ngah; gpw jpuhtpl nkhopfspy; vt;thW ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ?

jpuhtpl nkhopfspy; vz;Zg; ngah;fs; xd;W NghyNt mike;Js;sd.

3. njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs; ahit ?

jkpo; kiyahsk;> fd;dlk;> FlF> JS> Nfhj;jh> Njhlh> nfhufh> ,Ush

Mfpait njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs; MFk;.

4. fhye;NjhWk; jkpo;nkhop jd;id vt;thW GJg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ ?

jpuhtpl nkhopf; FLk;gj;jpd; %j;j nkhopahf jpfo;fpd;w jkpo; > gpw jpuhtpl
nkhopfis tpl xg;gpay; Ma;Tf;Fg; ngUe;Jizahf mike;Js;sJ. %yj;
jpuhtpl nkhopapd; gz;Gfs; gytw;iwAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J tUfpwJ.
jdpj;jd;ik khWglhky; fhye;NjhWk; jd;idg; GJg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; gz;G
nfhz;ljhfTk; jkpo;nkhop tpsq;FfpwJ.

5. jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpay; Ma;T Fwpj;J nkhopapay; ty;Yeh;fspd; fUj;J

ahJ?
jkpopypUe;Nj jpuhtplh; vd;Dk; nrhy; gpwe;jJ vd;W nkhopapay; ty;Yeh;fs;
fUJfpd;wdh;. `Puh]; ghjphpahh; jkpo; - jkpoh – bukpyh – l;ukpyh – j;uhtplh –
jpuhtplh vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
jkpo;> njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk; Nghd;w nkhopfis Ma;e;J xg;Gikg;gLj;jp
,it xNu nkhopf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jit vd;W gpuhd;]p]; vy;yp];
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ,tw;iwj; njd;dpe;jpa nkhopfs; vd;Wk; ngahpl;lhh;.
N`hf;fd; vd;ghh; ,k;nkhopfs; midj;ijAk; ,izj;Jj; jkpopad; vd;W
ngahpl;lhh;. ,it Mhpa nkhopfspd;W khWgl;lit vd;Wk; fUjpdhh;. khf;];
Ky;yUk; ,Nj fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
Page:1 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD
6. jkpopd; jdpj;jd;ikfs; ahit ?

 njhd;ikAk; ,yf;fz> ,yf;fpa tsKk; cilaJ jkpo; nkhop.

 jpuhtpl nkhopfspy; gpw nkhopj;jhf;fk; Fiwe;J fhzg;gLk; nkhop.
 jdf;nfdj; jdpj;j ,yf;fz tsj;ijg; ngw;Wj; jdpj;jpaq;Fk; nkhop.
 ,yq;if> kNyrpah> gh;kh> rpq;fg;g+h;> ,e;NjhNdrpah> Nghd;w gy ehLfspy;
Ngrg;gLk; ngUikia cilaJ jkpo;nkhop.
 nrhy; tsKk;> nrhy;yhl;rpAk; epuk;gg; ngw;w nkhop.
 ,e;jpahtpd; njhd;ikahd fy;ntl;Lfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit jkpopNyNa
mike;Js;sd.
 gpw jkpo; nkhopfis tpl xg;gpay; Ma;Tf;Fg; ngUe;Jiz nra;tJ jkpo;.

ftpijg; Ngio
jkpNohtpak;

1. GJf;Nfhyk; Gide;J jkpio tsh;g;gha; - cq;fs; gq;fpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

jkpo;nkhop ,yf;fz> ,yf;fpa tsk; ngw;w nkhop. tho;f;iff;F topfhl;Lk;

ePjpiar; nrhd;d jpUf;Fws; Njhd;wpa nkhop. rkaq;fisg; Nghw;wp tsh;j;j
nkhop. Gjpa rpe;jidfSf;F toptpl;l rpj;jh; kuG Nghw;wpa nkhop. jkpo; tsu>
jkpoh; tsu Gjpad gilj;Jj;; jkpio tsh;g;Nghk;.

2. jkpNohtpak; ftpijapy; cq;fis kpfTk; <h;j;j mbfs; Fwpj;J vOJf.

fhyk; gpwf;Fk; Kd; gpwe;jJ jkpNo! ve;jf;

fhyKk; epiyaha; ,Ug;gJk; jkpNo!

cyfk; Njhd;wpa ehs; Kjy; Njhd;wpa jkpo;nkhop ,d;W tiu epiyj;J

epw;gNjhL epy;yhky; ehSk; tsUk; jkpoha; cah;e;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gNj vd;id
<h;j;j mbfs; MFk;.

Page:2 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD

 jkpo;tpL J}J
1. fPo; fhZk; ghliyg;gbj;Jg; nghUSzh;e;J Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fSf;F
tpil jUf.

1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ ?

jkpo; tpL J}J

2. ,g;ghliy ,aw;wpath; ahh; ?

mwpag;gltpy;iy

3. Kj;jkpNo> cte;Jiuf;Fk; - gphpj;J vOJf.

Kj;jkpNo - %d;W + jkpNo

cte;Jiuf;Fk; - cte;J + ciuf;Fk;

4. Kj;jkpo; - tphpj;J vOJf.

,aw;wkpo; > ,irj;jkpo;> ehlfj;jkpo;

5. tpsk;gf;Nfs; - nghUs; $Wf.

nrhy;tijf; Nfl;ghahf

6. cz;zg;gLk; Njd; vJ ?
jkpo;

7. mb vJifia vLj;J vOJf.

jpj;jpf;Fk;
Kj;jpf;

cz;zg;gLk;
tpz;zg;gLk;

8. tpspr;nrhw;fis vLj;J vOJf.

fdpNa> Kj;jkpNo> NjNd

9. tpz;zg;gk; - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ ?

Ntz;LNfhs;
Page:3 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD
10. cte;J – vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ ?
kfpo;e;J

11. rPh; Nkhidia vLj;J vOJf.

Kj;jpf; > Kj;jkpNo
cz;zg;> cd;NdhL> cte;J> ciuf;Fk;
tpz;zg;gk;> tpsk;gf;Nfs;

2. tdg;G vj;jid tifg;gLk; ? mit ahit ?

tdg;G vl;L tifg;gLk;. mit mk;ik> moF> njhd;ik> Njhy;> tpUe;J>

,iaA> Gyd;> ,ioG MFk;.

3. Fw;wkpyh gj;Jf; Fzq;fs; ahit ?

nrwpT> njspT> rkepiy> ,d;gk;> xOfpir> cjhuk;> nghUz;ik> fhe;jk;> typ>

rkhjp vd;git Fw;wkpyh gj;Jf; Fzq;fs; MFk;.

4. J}J mDg;gj; jkpNo rpwe;jJ – jkpo; tpL J}J fhl;Lk; fhuzq;fis tpsf;fp
vOJf.

J}J nry;gth; gy;NtW jpwDilatuhf ,dpikaha; ,yf;fpar; RitNahL

nra;jpiaj; njhptpg;gtuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nra;jpiaf; Fw;wk; Fiwtpd;wp
vLj;Jiuj;jhy;jhd; J}J nrd;wjd; gad; fpilf;Fk;. gj;J Fzq;fSk;> E}W
tz;zq;fSk;> xd;gJ RitfisAk;> vl;L tdg;GfisAk; ngw;W jFjp ngw;W
tpsq;Ftjhy; jkpNo nrhf;fehjg; ngUkhdplk; J}jhf nry;yr; rpwe;jJ vd;W
fUjp J}J mDg;gpdhs; jiytp vd;W jkpo;tpL J}J ghly; tpsf;FfpwJ.

njhlh; ,yf;fzk;.
m) ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G jUf.

1. tPizNahL te;jhs;
Ntw;Wikj;njhlh;

2. fpspNa NgR
tpspj;njhlh;

3. mtd; jpUe;jpdhd;
jd;tpidj;njhlh;

4. ge;J cUz;lJ
jd;tpidj;njhlh;

5. el
xU nrhy; njhlh;
Page:4 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD
6. kd;dd; te;jhd;
vOtha;j;njhlh;

7. ez;gh Nfs;
tpspj;njhlh;

8. g+f;fisg; gwpf;fhjPh;!
fl;lisj;njhlh;

9. Fkud; kioapy; eide;jhd;

cld;ghl;L tpidj;njhlh;

10. Fkud; kioapy; eidatpy;iy

vjph;kiw tpidj;njhlh;

11. vd; mz;zd; ehis tUthd;

nra;jpj;njhlh;

12. mg;Jy; New;W tUtpj;jhd;

gpwtpidj;njhlh;
13. ftpjh ciu gbj;jhs;
nra;tpidj; njhlh;

14. ciu ftpjhthy; gbf;fg;gl;lJ

nrag;ghl;L tpidj;njhlh;

15. vt;tsT caukhd kuk;!

czh;r;rpj; njhlh;

16. cs;Ns Ngrpf;nfhz;bUg;gth; ahh; ?

tpdhj;njhlh;

17. ,J ehw;fhyp
ngah;g; gadpiyj; njhlh;

18. mtd; khztd;

ngah;g; gadpiyj; njhlh;

19. jUkd; New;W te;jhd;

jd;tpidj; njhlh;

20. Nfhtyd; nfhiyAz;lhd;

nrag;ghl;Ltpidj; njhlh;

21. tPL fl;bahapw;W

nrag;ghl;L tpidj; njhlh;

Page:5 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD

 22. rl;b cile;J Nghapw;W
nrag;ghl;L tpidj; njhlh;

23. gzk; fhzhky; NghdJ

nrag;ghl;L tpidj; njhlh;

M) epug;Gf.

1. nra;gtiu Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; tpid nra;tpid

2. nrag;gLnghUis Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; tpid nrag;ghl;L tpid.

3. nrag;ghl;L tpidia cUthf;Fk; Jiz tpidfs; gL> cz;> ngW> Mapw;W>

Nghapw;W> NghdJ

4. gjk; vd;gjw;F nrhy; vd;W nghUs;

5. gjk; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit gFgjk;> gfhg;gjk; MFk;.

6. gFgj cWg;Gfs; MW tifg;gLk;.

7. gFgjk; ngah;g; gFgjk;> tpidg; gFgjk; vd ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.

8. gFjpf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilNa epd;W fhyk; fhl;LtJ ,ilepiy.

9. gFgj cWg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; tpfhuk;. ,J jdpcWg;G md;W.

10. f> ,a> ,ah; vd;gd tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp MFk;.

11. gFgj cWg;GfSs; mlq;fhky; gFjp tpFjpf;F eLtpy; fhyj;ij czh;j;jhky;

tUk; nka;naOj;J vOj;Jg;NgW MFk;.

12. ey;y> nghpa> ,dpa> nfhba> mofhd vd;git ngauilfs; MFk;.

13. nkJthf> Ntfkhf> nghJthf> mofhf vd;git tpidailfs; MFk;.

14. Xk; - vd;gJ jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp MFk;.

15. Vd; - vd;gJ jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp MFk;.

16. a;> t; vd;gd clk;gLnka;fs; MFk;.

17. xU njhlhpy; gad; epiyj;J ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij gadpiy vd;fpNwhk;.

Page:6 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD

,) milg;Gf; Fwpf;Fs; $wpathW nra;f.
1. gjtpia tpl;L ePf;fpdhd; (jd;tpidj; njhluhf khw;Wf )
gjtpia tpl;L ePq;fpdhd;

2. nkhopapay; mwpQh;fs; jpuhtpl nkhopfis Ma;T nra;jdh; (jd;tpidj;

njhluhf khw;Wf )
nkhopapay; mwpQh;fs; jpuhtpl nkhopfis Ma;e;jdh;.

3. jpuhtpl nkhopfis %d;W nkhopf; FLk;gq;fshfg; gFj;Js;sdh; (nrag;ghl;L

tpidj; njhluhf khw;Wf )
jpuhtpl nkhopfs; %d;W nkhopf; FLk;gq;fshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

4. epytd; rpwe;j gs;spapy; gbj;jhh;. (fhuz tpidj; njhluhf khw;Wf)

epytd; rpwe;j gs;spapy; gbg;gpj;jhh;.

5. nkhopngah; (jd;tpid> gpwtpidj; njhlh;fshf;Ff )

,dpad; nkhopngah;j;jhd; (jd;tpid)
,dpad; nkhopngah;g;gpj;jhd; (gpwtpid)

6. gjpTnra; (nra;tpid> nrag;ghl;L tpidj; njhluhf;Ff )

KUfd; gjpT nra;jhd; (nra;tpid)
KUfdhy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ (nrag;ghl;Ltpid)

7. gad;gLj;J (gpwtpid> fhuztpidj; njhlh;fshf;Ff)

tstd; gad;gLj;J tpj;jhd; (gpwtpid )
tstd; gad;gLj;jpdhd; (fhuztpid )

8. ,af;;F ( nra;tpid> nrag;ghl;L tpidj; njhluhf;Ff )

uhK ,af;;fpdhd; ( nra;tpid )
uhKthy; ,af;fg;gl;lJ ( nrag;ghl;L tpid )

9. ek; Kd;Ndhh; ,aw;ifNahL ,iae;j tho;T elj;jpdh; (tpdhj; njhluhf

khw;Wf )
ek; Kd;Ndhh; vjNdhL ,iae;j tho;T elj;jpdh; ?

10. ghbdhd; (vOtha;j; njhluhf khw;Wf )

ghhp ghbdhd;

11. ,irapd;wp mikahJ ghly; (cld;ghl;Lj; njhluhf khw;Wf )

,irNahL mikAk; ghly;

12. eP ,ijr; nra; vdf; $wpNdd; my;yth? (fl;lisj; njhluhf khw;Wf )

,ijr;nra;
13. ts;sp vOJNfhiyf; nfhL (nra;jpj; njhlh; Mf;Ff )
ts;sp vOJNfhiyf; nfhLj;jhs;
Page:7 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD
14. GfNoe;jp glk; ghh;j;jhd; ( nra;tpidapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Nth;r;nrhy; vJ )
ghh;

15. ghhp Nfl;lhd; (tpidKw;Wj; njhlh; Mf;Ff )

Nfl;lhd; ghhp
<) rhd;W jUf.
1. gytpd;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp ngw;wr; nrhy;
Xbd

2. nganur;r tpFjpfs; ,lk;ngw;w nrhw;fs;

mofpa> NgRk;

3. njhopw;ngah; tpFjp ngw;wr;nrhy;

Kisj;jy;

4. Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp ngw;wr; nrhy;

ghhPh;

5. gFgjk;
ghh;j;jhd;

6. gfhg;gjk;
ML

7. rhhpia ,lk;ngw;w gFgjk;

ele;jdd;

8. vOj;Jg;NgW ,lk;ngw;w gFgjk;

te;jdd;> nra;ahNj

tphpthdk;
tsUk; nry;tk;

Kd;Diu

nrhw;fs; tuyhw;iwg; NgRgit. xU nkhopapd; nrhy; kuG vd;gJ

,d;wpaikahjJ MFk;. jkpo;r;nrhw;fspd; thapyhfj; jkpoh; ehfhpfj;ijAk;
jopoh; tho;itAk; mwpa KbAk;. jkpo; nkhopapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s fiyr;nrhw;fs;
gw;wpf; fPNo fhz;Nghk;.

gpwnkhopr;nrhw;fSf;F ,izahd jkpo;r;nrhw;fs;

Nyg;lhg; - kbf;fzpdp
g;nusrh; - cytp
rhg;l;Nth; - nkd;nghUs;
irgh;];Ng]; - ,izantsp
vd;gd gpwnkhopr;nrhw;fSf;F ,izahf tpsq;Fk; jopo;r;nrhw;fspy; rpythFk;.
Page:8 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD
vz;zpf;iffSf;fhd jkpo;r;nrhw;fs;

1/320 – Ke;jphp
1/160 – miuf;fhzp
1/80 – fhzp
1/32 – miutPrk;
1/16 – khfhzp (tPrk;)
vd;gd vz;zpf;iffSf;fhd jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; MFk;.

fiyr;nrhy; cUthf;fk;

Ntw;W nkhopr;nrhw;fis vspjhf ek; epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ. NgRk;

NghJ xypj;jphpG Vw;gl;Lg; nghUs; kaf;fk; Vw;glTk; tha;g;G cs;sJ. xU
nkhopapypUe;J tUk; fiyr; nrhw;fis xyp ngah;j;Jg; gad;gLj;JtNj nghJ
tof;fk;. gpwF> mjd; nghUis cs;thq;fpr; nrhe;j nkhopapy; nrhy;iy
cUthf;fpg; gad;gLj;Jth;.

jkpopypUe;J Ntw;W nkhopfspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s nrhw;fs;

jkpo;r;nrhy;yhfpa ehtha; vd;gNj Mq;fpyj;jpy; Netp vd;W MdJ. vwpjpiu

vd;Dk; jkpo;r;nrhy; fpNuf;f nkhopapy; vWjpuhd; vd;W MdJ. ePh; vd;Dk;
jkpo;r;nrhy;yhdJ ePhpNah]; vd;Wk;> Njhzp vd;w nrhy; NjhzP]; vd;Wk;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

KbTiu

mwptpay; Jiwf; fiyr;nrhw;fis clDf;Fld; jkpo;nkhopapy; nkhopngah;j;J

mj;Jiwia NkYk; tsh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpopy; cs;s jj;Jtk;> murpay; Mfpa
Jiwfspd; rpe;jidfis vy;yhk; gpw nkhopfSf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;.
jkpo; nkhopapy; Gjpa Gjpa nrhy;tsk; ngUf Ntz;Lk;.

Page:9 – IX Tamil Notes - IISD