CHE 111-REDOX BALANCING Acidic and Basic Medium

CHE 111
Balancing the redox in acidic and basic medium
Daka Jimmy J
Balancing the redox in acidic medium
Guidelines to redox reaction balancing
1# Identify the half reactions from the equation given
2# Write them separately
3# Assign the oxidation numbers to elements and use that data

to assign a reduction and oxidation reactions from the half
reactions.
4# Balance elements in the equation other than O and H

.
5# Balance the oxygen atoms by adding the appropriate number of water (H2O)
molecules to the opposite side of the equation.
6# Balance the hydrogen atoms (including those added in step 5 to balance the
oxygen atom) by adding H+ ions to the opposite side of the equation.
7# Add up the charges on each side. Make them equal by adding enough electrons
(e−) to the more positive side. Original equation will guide.
(Rule of thumb: e− and H+ are almost always on the same side.)
8# The e− on each side must be made equal; if they are not equal, they must be
multiplied by appropriate integers (the lowest common multiple) to be made the
same.
9# The half-equations are added together, cancelling out the electrons and other to
species that are found on both side, to form one balanced equation. Common terms
should also be cancelled out.
Example
Balance the following redox reaction in acidic medium
Half reactions are:

+6 +3
= Reduction
+3 +5
= Oxidation
Balance any other elements without focusing on oxygen or hydrogen
Balance oxygen atoms in half reactions by water addition

Now balance hydrogens by adding hydrogen ions on the opposite side
Balance the charge of each equation with electrons. The chromium reaction has
(14+) + (2-) = 12+ (Reactant side)
(2 x 3+) = 6+ (Product side)

To balance, add 6 electrons (each with a charge of -1) to the left side:
Balancing electrons in the equations based on net charge of half reaction
For the other reaction, there is no charge on the reactant side and a (3+) + (-1) = 2+
charge on the right. So add 2 electrons to the right side to make total charge zero
on reactant side
Scale the reactions so that the electrons are equal.
Reaction 1: The chromium reaction has 6e-
Reaction 2: Nitrous acid requires 2e-,
So equation 1 should be multiplied by 3.
Final equations stands as:
Add the two equations and cancel out the amount found on both side sides:
Net REDOX reaction balanced:
Balancing the redox in basic medium
Bases dissolve into OH− ions in solution; hence, balancing redox reactions in basic
conditions requires OH−.
Follow the same steps as for acidic conditions.
The only difference is adding hydroxide ions to each side of the net reaction to
balance any H+.
The only difference is adding hydroxide ions to each side of the net reaction to
balance any H+.
Example
Balance the following redox reaction in basic conditions.
Step 1: Separate the half-reactions.

0 +1
Oxidation
+2 0
Reduction
Step 2: Balance elements other than O and H.

Step 3: Add H2O to balance oxygen.
Step 4: Balance hydrogen with protons (H+).

Step 5: Balance the charge with e-.
Step 6: Scale the reactions so that they have an equal amount of electrons.
In this case, it is already done.
Step 7: Add the reactions and cancel the electrons.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(s)+2H+(aq)
Step 8: Add OH- to balance H+.
There are 2 net protons in this equation, so add 2 OH- ions to both side.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(s)+2H+(aq)+2OH−(aq
Step 9: Combine OH- ions and H+ ions that are present on the same side to form
water.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⟶Zn(s)+Ag2O(s)+2H2O(l)
Step 10: Cancel common terms.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⟶Zn(s)+Ag2O(s)+2H2O(l)
Net equation
2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(s)+H2O(l)
Compare the acidic medium and basic medium based equation.
Acidic medium
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(s)+2H+(aq)
Basic medium
2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(s)+H2O(l)
Example 2
Balance the following redox reaction in basic conditions.
MnO2 (aq)+ ClO31-(aq) + OH 1-(aq) MnO41-(aq)+ Cl 1-(aq) +H2O(l)

Step 1: Separate the half-reactions.
+4 +7
MnO2 (aq) MnO4-(aq) Oxidation
+5 -1
ClO3-(aq) Cl -(aq) Reduction
Step 2: Balance elements other than O and H.
MnO2 (aq) MnO4-(aq)
ClO3-(aq) Cl -(aq)
Step 3: Add H2O to balance oxygen.
MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq)
ClO3-(aq) Cl -(aq) + 3H2O
Step 4: Balance hydrogen with protons (H+).
MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq) + 4H+.
ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

Step 5: Balance the charge with e-.
MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq) + 4H++ 3e-
ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- Cl -(aq) + 3H2O
Step 6: Scale the reactions so that they have an equal amount of electrons.
In this case, it is already done.
2(MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq) + 4H++ 3e-
1 (ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

Step 7: Add the reactions and cancel the electrons.
2MnO2 (aq) + 4H2O 2MnO4-(aq) + 8H++ 6e-
ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

---------------------------------------------------------------------2---------------------------------
2MnO2 (aq) + 4H2O + ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- 2MnO4-(aq) + 8H++ Cl -(aq) + 3H2O + 6e-
Step 8: Net equation.
2MnO2 (aq) + H2O + ClO3-(aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + 2H++ Cl -(aq)

Step 9: Add OH- on both sides with H+ the convert them to water.
2MnO2 (aq) + H2O + ClO3-(aq) + OH- (aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + 2H++ Cl -(aq) + 2OH-
(aq)
Step 10: Final step in basic medium.
2MnO2 (aq) + H2O + ClO3-(aq) + OH- (aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + Cl -(aq) + 2H2O(aq)
Net equation : After water has been worked as need as rose.
2MnO2 (aq) + ClO3-(aq) + OH- (aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + Cl -(aq) + H2O (l)

Basic medium reaction
2MnO2 (aq) + ClO3-(aq) + OH- (aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + Cl -(aq)
Acidic medium reaction
2MnO2 (aq) + H2O + ClO3-(aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + H++ Cl -(aq)

CHE 111-REDOX BALANCING Acidic and Basic Medium

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHE 111-REDOX BALANCING Acidic and Basic Medium

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHE 111-REDOX BALANCING Acidic and Basic Medium

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHE 111

Balancing the redox in acidic and basic medium

1# Identify the half reactions from the equation given

2# Write them separately

3# Assign the oxidation numbers to elements and use that data

4# Balance elements in the equation other than O and H

Half reactions are:

Balance oxygen atoms in half reactions by water addition

Now balance hydrogens by adding hydrogen ions on the opposite side

(2 x 3+) = 6+ (Product side)

Step 1: Separate the half-reactions.

Step 2: Balance elements other than O and H.

Step 4: Balance hydrogen with protons (H+).

Step 7: Add the reactions and cancel the electrons.

MnO2 (aq)+ ClO31-(aq) + OH 1-(aq) MnO41-(aq)+ Cl 1-(aq) +H2O(l)

MnO2 (aq) MnO4-(aq)

MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq)

ClO3-(aq) Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

Step 4: Balance hydrogen with protons (H+).

MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq) + 4H+.

ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq) + 4H++ 3e-

ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

2(MnO2 (aq) + 2H2O MnO4-(aq) + 4H++ 3e-

1 (ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

2MnO2 (aq) + 4H2O 2MnO4-(aq) + 8H++ 6e-

ClO3-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- Cl -(aq) + 3H2O

Step 8: Net equation.

2MnO2 (aq) + H2O + ClO3-(aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + 2H++ Cl -(aq)

2MnO2 (aq) + H2O + ClO3-(aq) + OH- (aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + Cl -(aq) + 2H2O(aq)

Net equation : After water has been worked as need as rose.

2MnO2 (aq) + ClO3-(aq) + OH- (aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + Cl -(aq) + H2O (l)

2MnO2 (aq) + ClO3-(aq) + OH- (aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + Cl -(aq)

Acidic medium reaction

2MnO2 (aq) + H2O + ClO3-(aq) 2MnO4-(aq) + H++ Cl -(aq)

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.