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    5th and 3rd Century BC - The Greek

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    07BUGAYONG, GERALDINE D.

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    5th and 3rd Century BC - The Greek

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    07BUGAYONG, GERALDINE D.
    2 views2 pages

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    5th and 3rd century BC - the Greek

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    5th and 3rd Century BC - The Greek

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    07BUGAYONG, GERALDINE D.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5th and 3rd century BC - the Greek colonies were established in different parts of

    the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Miletus, owing to its location, became the
    main centre of geographical enquiry during 5th century BC.

    5th century BC - The early expeditions of Hanno, along


    the western coast of Libya and that of Alexander towards the east provided
    knowledge of thedistant places and its people. The establishment of the famous
    library museum at Alexandria further paved the way for the development of
    scientific discoveries. Itwas in Alexandria that Eratosthenes and Hipparchus made
    their observations about the size,
    shape and circumference of the earth.

    HOMER - Homer was credited with being the father of geography by Greek geographers

    2nd century BC - the Athenians built a tower identifying


    eight wind directions with sculpture illustrating the weather types associated with
    each (ibid).

    8th century BC - The Greek sailors in the 8th century BC referred to the winds and
    associated weather
    types in order to identify directions at sea.

    Thales, Anaximander and Hecataeus


    6th and 7th BC - Thales was the first one to be concerned about the
    measurement and location of things on the surface of the earth. Thales, who lived
    in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, was a businessman and an inventor credited with a
    great variety of innovations.

    THALES, also made contributions in astronomy and reported about the


    magnetism of lodestone. He also attempted to explain the universe in terms of new
    observations rather than the traditional explanations in terms of deities or
    astrological influences. He concluded that the universe is made of water in various
    forms and visualised the earth as a disc floating in water.

    Anaximander, was a younger cotemporary of Thales in Miletus. He is believed to be


    the
    scholar who introduced a Babylonian instrument called gnomon into the Greek
    society.
    2700 BC- Anaximander is also credited by Greek historians to be
    the first scholar ever to draw a map of the world to scale. The Sumerians had drawn
    maps of
    some of their cities as early as 2700 BC

    475 BC
    HECATAEUS -Hecataeus was not a theorist. He was of the belief that discussions of
    whether water or
    aperion should be accepted as the prime substance or whether there even was such a
    prime
    substance were futile. Hecataeus, on the other hand, is considered to
    be the originator of the literary tradition. Hecataeus was born at about the time
    of the deaths of
    Thales and Anaximander and died around 475 BC. He was the first to collect and
    classify
    information brought to Miletus from both the known world and the world beyond the
    Greek
    horizons.

    (480-479 BC).
    Herodotus - chiefly identified as a historian and often considered the father of
    history. His great
    work is a history of the Greek struggle with the barbarians and ends with the
    revolt of the Ionians
    against the Persian and with the Greek capture of the Hellespont (480-479 BC).

    5th century BC - it was indeed significant accomplishment to explain the formation


    of deltas
    or to understand the connection between temperatures and wind directions.

    Plato and Aristotle


    Plato (428-348 BC) and Aristotle (384-322 BC)

    “Plato was a master of


    deductive reasoning and insisted that the observable things on earth were poor
    copies of ideas or
    perfect predictions from which observable things had degenerated or were in the
    process of
    degenerating”

    Aristotle (490-430 BC)


    Aristotle, modifying the
    ideas of Empedocles, developed the theory of natural places which basically meant
    that
    everything had its natural place in the universe and if removed from this place
    would seek to
    return. Earth space was the natural place of earth and water and if raised from the
    surface of the
    earth, the substances and things composed of them would fall back to the surface

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