1.

1066 And All That is the title of a well-known joke history book published before the
Second World War which satirizes the way that history was taught in British schools at the
time. This typically involved memorizing lots of dates. Why, do you think, did the writers
choose this title?

So for a satirizing purpose, the book is written to contain all the history of England since the
beginning of time to at which time America was a top nation. The author chose 1066 as the title
because it is one of the few years that the English can remember because it was the last time
England was invaded. 1066 serves as a milestone in history, marking the end of constant changes
in the previous ruling system and the beginning of England's development after 1066. Therefore,
with title 1066, it has been able to summarize the entire history of England
2 In 1986, the BBC released a computer-video package of detailed information about every
place in Britain. It took a long time to prepare this package but the decision to publish it in
1986 (and not, for example, 1985 or 1987) was deliberate. What is significant about the
date?
So 1986 is the 900th anniversary of the original Domesday Book, an 11th-century census of
England. Therefore, BBC released a BBC Domesday Project to mark that anniversary and create
a “new” survey of the United Kingdom
Domesday Book: The survey's main purpose was to record the annual value of every piece of
landed property to its lord, and the resources in land, labour force, and livestock from which the
value derived.

4 Around the year 1500, about 5 million people used the English language - less than the
population of Britain at the time. Today, it is estimated that at least 600 million people use
English regularly in everyday life - at least ten times the present population of Britain. Why
has the use of English expanded so much in the last 500 years?

1. Colonialism and Imperialism:

 British Empire: The British Empire, at its peak, spanned across vast territories around
the globe. As the British colonized these lands, they imposed their language and culture,
leading to the widespread adoption of English in many countries, including India,
Australia, Canada, and South Africa.
.
2. Globalization
Global Economy: The globalization of the world economy in the 20th and 21st centuries has
further solidified English as the lingua franca of business, finance, and technology.
3. Cultural Influence and Media:
 Hollywood and American Popular Culture: The global popularity of Hollywood films,
American television shows, and music has exposed millions of people to English.
 Internet and Social Media: The internet and social media have made English the
primary language of communication and information exchange on a global scale.
4. Education and International Relations:
 English as a Second Language: Many countries have incorporated English into their
education systems as a second language, recognizing its importance for international
communication and economic opportunities.
 International Organizations: English is the official language of many international
organizations, such as the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Trade
Organization.
.
In conclusion, the rapid expansion of English over the past 500 years is a result of a complex
interplay of historical, economic, cultural, and political factors. The British Empire's global
reach, the Industrial Revolution, globalization, and the widespread influence of American culture
have all contributed to the dominance of English as the world's lingua franca.
5 How would you describe the changing relationship between religion and politics in British
history? Are the changes that have taken place similar to those that have occurred in your
country?

The relationship between religion and politics in British history has been a complex and evolving
one, shaped by various historical, cultural, and social factors. Here's a brief overview:

Medieval Period:

 Dominance of the Church: The Catholic Church held significant power and influence
during the Middle Ages. Religious leaders often played a central role in political affairs.

Reformation:

 Protestant Reformation: The Protestant Reformation, led by figures like Martin Luther,
challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. England's King Henry VIII broke away
from the Catholic Church to establish the Church of England, marking a significant shift
in the relationship between religion and politics.

17th and 18th Centuries:

  Religious Tolerance: The English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution led to a more
tolerant attitude towards religious dissent. The Act of Toleration in 1689 granted
religious freedom to non-conformists.

19th and 20th Centuries:

 Secularization: The 19th and 20th centuries witnessed a gradual process of

secularization, as the influence of religion on public life declined. The establishment of a
secular education system and the growth of scientific thought contributed to this trend.
 Religious Revival: Despite secularization, religious revival movements emerged in the
19th and 20th centuries, such as Methodism and Pentecostalism. These movements often
had a significant impact on social and political issues.

Contemporary Britain:

 Diversity and Pluralism: Today, Britain is a diverse and pluralistic society with a wide
range of religious beliefs. While the Church of England remains the established church, it
no longer holds the same level of political power as it did in the past.
 Separation of Church and State: There is a general separation of church and state in
Britain, although the monarchy remains symbolically connected to the Church of
England.

Comparison to Other Countries

The changing relationship between religion and politics in Britain is similar to many Western
countries, including the United States and France. However, the specific details may vary
depending on historical, cultural, and social factors. For example, while the United States has a
strong tradition of religious freedom and separation of church and state, the influence of religion
on public life remains significant in some areas.

1. In the early years of the twentieth century, the playwright and social commentator
George Bernard Shaw remarked that an Englishman only had to open his mouth to make
some other Englishman despise him. What was he talking about? Would he say the same
thing today?

the deeply ingrained class system that characterized British society in the early 20th century. The
accent, vocabulary, and pronunciation of an individual were often seen as indicators of their
social background and education.

Working-class use lots of word and grammatical form which are regared as “non-standard”,
which indicates their lower social class and can be regarded as pretentious people and can be
despised by other people.

Would Shaw say the same thing today? NO

Because of egalitarian climate, the unofficial segregation of the classes in Britain has become
less rigid than it was, such as working class is no longer prohibited from most high-status job, or
language, my radio and television presenters speak with an accent that is not RP (received
pronunciation). Therefore, accent, pronunciation and all that can not indicate the social classess
anymore.

2. In the 1930s people in middle-class neighbourhoods often reacted angrily to the building
of housing estates for the working class nearby. In one area they even built a wall to
separate the two neighborhoods! This could never happen today. Why not? What has
changed?

Because in the 1930s, there still existed class divisions, which included the upper class, middle
class, and working class. And people in the 1930s were very conscious of class differences, even
becoming friends with some people from a different class was difficult. So middle-class
neighbourhoods might be angry because of nearby working-class people is reasonable at that
time.

However, it can never happen today Because of egalitarian climate, the unofficial segregation of
the classes in Britain has become less rigid than it was, such as working class is no longer
prohibited from most high-status job. Even middle-class people try to adopt working-classes
values and habits because they thought that working classes might better in some way than
middle classes

3 Standard English is used 'naturally' in everyday speech by between 15% and 30% of the
popula- tion in Britain (it depends how you define it). Received pronunciation (RP), again
depending

on how you define it, is used in everyday speech by only 3% to 12% of the population. So
why is standard English with an RP accent the usual model for people learning British
English as a foreign language? What justification can you find for this practice?

RP has long been associated with the upper classes in Britain and has been seen as a marker of
education and social status. This perception has influenced the choice of RP as the standard
model, as it conveys a sense of prestige and authority. And I think it is also social influences, so
the english grammar and vocabulary which is used in public speaking, radio and television news
broadcasts, books and newspapers and model for learners of English as a foreign languge) is
known as standard British English

4 Do the social classes in Viet Nam differentiate themselves in the same ways as they do in
Britain? Do language, accent, clothes, money, habits and attitudes play the same roles in
your country?

Social Class Differentiation in Vietnam

While Vietnam has a history of social class distinctions (in the feudal system), the ways in which
these classes manifest themselves are distinct from those in Britain. Here's a breakdown of how
social class is often perceived and expressed in Vietnam:

Language and Accent:

 Regional Dialects: While there are regional dialects in Vietnam, they are not as closely
tied to social class as in some other countries.
 Standard Vietnamese: The standard Vietnamese language, taught in schools and used in
formal settings, is generally accessible to people from various socioeconomic
backgrounds.

Clothes:

 Traditional Attire: Traditional Vietnamese attire, such as áo dài, is often associated with
elegance and sophistication, but it is not exclusive to any particular social class.

5 This chapter considers several factors that can go towards creating a person's sense of identity.
Some of these are more important in Britain and some are less important. Are the same factors
the important ones in your country?
I think the same factor that is important ones in Vietnam is a ethnicity, Viet nam is multi-ethnic
country with a diverse population, including Kinh (Vietnamese), Tay, Nung, Muong, Hoa, and
many other ethnic groups. Each ethnic group has its own unique culture, language, traditions,
and history. These factors can shape a person's sense of identity and belonging.