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L7 (Case Study, Ecological Pyramid, Energy Flow)

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147 views

L7 (Case Study, Ecological Pyramid, Energy Flow)

Uploaded by

Aakash Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT – II

Ecosystem
Case Study

2
Ecological Pyramids

• Graphic representation of trophic structure and


function of ecosystem
• Starts with producers at the base and consumers
at successive levels towards apex is called as an
“Ecological Pyramid”
• They are of 3 Types:
• Pyramids of Numbers
• Pyramids of Biomass
• Pyramid of Energy

3
Pyramid of Number
• Represents Number of individual organism at each
level.
• May be Upright or Inverted.
• Of Forest, grassland and parasitic food chain

4
Upright –
Grassland
& Pond

Narrow Pyramid- Forest 5


Inverted- Parasitic food Chain
Pyramid of Biomass
• Based on total biomass i.e dry matter at every
level in a food chain
• Upright or Inverted.

6
Pyramid of Energy
• Amount of energy at
each trophic level.
• Always Upright
• Energy goes on
reducing at each
level.
• Loss in the form of
heat, respiration.
• Shows sharp decline from
producers to top
carnivores.

7
Energy Flow
• Energy flow in an ecosystem is Unidirectional
• Source of energy is sun
• Plants convert this energy into chemical energy
• Energy is lost in body functions like respiration
• Available passes to next trophic level
• Follows two laws of thermodynamics
• 1st Law: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can be
converted from one form to another
• 2nd Law: energy dissipates as it is used.
• Energy flow models: explain the flow of energy

8
9
Nutrient Cycling
• Nutrients are important functional attribute.
• These nutrients are available to biotic components
through natural resources
• Nutrients if not returned back would end up and not
be available for future use.
• These nutrients are thus cycled through
BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles.
• Nutrients are decomposed, converted by micro-
organisms and ready to use again..thus cycle continues.
• Water, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon.

10
11
Carbon Cycle

12
Primary Production
• Primary productivity is the rate of energy captured by
producers. = the amount of new biomass of producers,
per unit time and space

13
• Net primary production is thus the amount of energy stored by
the producers and potentially available to consumers and
decomposers.
• Gross primary production (GPP)
= total amount of energy captured
• Net primary production (NPP)
= GPP - respiration
14
ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM
ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM
Secondary Production
• Secondary productivity is the rate of production of new biomass by
consumers, i.e., the rate at which consumers convert organic material
into new biomass of consumers.

• Note that secondary production simply involves the repackaging of


energy previously captured by producers--no additional energy is
introduced/produced into the food chain.

17

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