Unit V Gen Ed 5

NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
EDUCATIONOF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
GEN ED 5
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
UNIT V
COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
21ST CENTURY THEME: ENVIRONMENTAL
LITERACY
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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO ACADEMIC
WRITING
1. analyze sample texts in terms of purpose, audiece, language use
and data presentation;
2. characterize academic writing in terms of purpose, audience,
language use, and data presentation; and
3. shares in oral and written form one’s opinions and personal actions
about “Green initiatives.”

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
ACADEMIC WRITING
refers to a style of expression that
researchers use to define the
intellectual boundaries of their
disciplines and specific areas of
expertise. The main purpose of
academic writing is to inform and
persuade, not to entertain. It can be
impersonal or formal.
ACADEMIC WRITING
Academic writing is impersonal

because it usually uses the
third person perspective and
does not have a direct
reference to person and
feelings.

ACADEMIC WRITING
On the other hand, it is formal

because it strictly adheres to
formal English language and
avoid words contractions.

ACADEMIC WRITING
ACADEMIC WRITING should be:

• based on facts
• researched and not the writer’s
opinion
• to critically analyze the subject
matter while taking the previous
research
ACADEMIC WRITING
ACADEMIC WRITING should NOT be:

• difficult to read
• ungrammatical/non-standard of
informal

COLLEGE
NUEVA ECIJAOF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COMPONENTS OF ACADEMIC
WRITING
COMPONENTS OF ACADEMIC WRITING
1. PURPOSE What is the intention or purpose of the

writer/s for writing the text?
• General - to inform and to persuade.

• Specific - is the reason why you want to inform and
persuade your tearget audience.

2. AUDIENCE For whom is the text addressed or

written?
3. LANGUAGE USE Is the language formal or

informal? Vague or specific/technical?
Personal or impersonal?

4. DATA PRESENTATION Does the text

have a clearly expressed topic or one or more
research questions? Are the argument and claims
supported by evidence such as research results
and references?
5. MEDIUM What is the means used in transmitting
information: print, audio, or digital?

6. MODE What is the means used to present meaning:

words, symbols, pictures?
7. GENRE What is the particular form of the text:
poetry, play, essay?

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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
LESSON 2
UNDERSTANDING ACADEMIC WRITING
ASSIGNMENTS
1. distinguish types of college essays: descriptive, explanatory and
persuasive/analytical;
2. identify the parts of an essay question and the corresponding
choices a writer must make based on the question;
3. analyze essay questions into component parts; and
4. answer common college essay questions.

WHAT IS AN
ESSAY?
An essay is a concise piece of
nonfiction writing that aims to either
inform the reader about a topic or
argue a particular perspective.

ESSAY
An essay is a concise piece of
nonfiction writing that aims to either
inform the reader about a topic or
argue a particular perspective. It can
be either formal or informal.

ESSAY WRITING
The length of an essay can vary from a few hundred to several

thousand words but typically falls between 500–5,000 words.
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
STRUCTURE OF AN ESSAY
ARRANGE YOUR INFORMATION
arrange your information from the most
simple to most complex bits.
PROVIDE THE NECESSARY

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
SELECT TOPIC STATEMENTS

that provide value, more information, or
evidence for your thesis statement.
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
OF EDUCATION
ESSAY WRITING

INTRODUCTION It sets the stage for your essay
and is typically a paragraph long.
It should grab the reader’s
attention and give them a clear
idea of what your essay will be
BODY is where you dive deeper into
about.
your topic and present your
arguments and evidence.
CONCLUSION brings your essay to a close and
is typically one paragraph long.
INTRODUCTION
How to write an effective and informative introductory paragraph?
1. Construct an attractive hook.
2. Provide sufficient context or background information.
3. Construct a well-rounded and comprehensive thesis
statement

BODY
To write a fool-proof and authoritative essay, you need to provide

multiple well-structured, substantial arguments.
1. Write a topic sentence for each paragraph.
2. Provide the supporting information.
3. Analyze the supporting information.
4. Create a smooth transition to the next paragraph.

CONCLUSION
To create a powerful conclusion, you need to start with a strong

foundation.
1. Restructure your thesis statement.
2. Summarize the main points of your essay.
3. Create a lasting impression with your concluding statement

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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
TYPES OF ESSAY
TYPES OF ESSAY
DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY
EXPLANATORY ESSAY
PERSUASIVE/ANALYTICAL ESSAY

TECHNOLOGY
DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY
• describes an object, person,

place, or event that the writer
has experienced.
• writers usually use imagery,
figurative and precise language
to creates images to reader’s
TECHNOLOGY
mind.
EXPLANATORY ESSAY
• aims to explain a particular topic

or concept clearly and
concisely.
• it is often used in academic
settings but can also be found in
newspapers, magazines, online,
TECHNOLOGY
and other publications.
ANALYTICAL ESSAY
• a piece of writing that provides

substantive analysis of a topic.
• Analytical essays serve two
purposes, one for the reader
and one for the writer.
TECHNOLOGY
PERSUASIVE ESSAY
• A persuasive essay is one in

which you attempt to get the
reader to agree with your point
of view.

TECHNOLOGY
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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
PARTS OF AN ESSAY
QUESTION
PARTS OF AN ESSAY QUESTION
ORIENTATION
The University of Sydney
Learning Center (2012)
INSTRUCTION/QUESTION
indicates that essay questions
in university assignments may
come with the following parts: PROPOSITION
orientation, proposition,
instruction and scope SCOPE

PARTS OF AN ESSAY QUESTION
ORIENTATION background information to orient you of

the essay topic.
PROPOSITION includes a statement that you need to

respond to by agreeing or disagreeing or
by critiquing.
INSTRUCTION/ informs you about what to do. Instruction
words include discuss, compare and
QUESTION contrast, evaluate, explain, and reflect.
SCOPE tells you what you have to cover (how

many examples, case studies, topics)
INSTRUCTION VERBS
INSTRUCTION VERBS are

words used to indicate the
approach to use in an
assignment.

INSTRUCTION VERB
Here are some of the common instruction verbs used in university essay
examinations and cognitive task they require of students.
ANALYZE DISCUSS EXAMINE

Divide something Present two or more Look at in detail.
into abstract parts different points of view,
of features. different theories, cases,
pros and cons.

INSTRUCTION VERB
Here are some of the common instruction verbs used in university essay
examinations and cognitive task they require of students.
CRITIQUE EXPLAIN
Give an evaluation or State how or why something
judgment of a topic after happens or happened;
analyzing it; question, usually involves causes and
extend, challenge the ideas effect, reasons and
presented. consequences.

NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
LESSON 3
WRITING TO DESCRIBE AND NARRATE
1. analyze multimodal and print texts on travel in terms of content, narrative
and descriptive techniques;
2. consider ways to engage readers in narrative and descriptive texts; and
3. plan digital tour and creative writing output integrating narrative and
descriptive techniques.

NARRATIVE WRITING
What is
NARRATIVE
WRITING?
Narrative writing is a type of
writing that allows the writer to tell
a story. It can include actual
events written in chronological
order or it may include imagined
events.
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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
KEY ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE

WRITING
KEY ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE WRITING
PLOT
threads of events occur in the narrative.
CHARACTERS
are the people present in the plot who
appear and develop as the story
progresses.
SETTING
the place and time in which the story takes
place.
CONFLICT
is the problem in the story.
THEME
is the overarching purpose or driving force
behind the story.
TONE
a styling choice that determines how the
reader experiences the situation.
POINT OF VIEW
allows the narrator in the story to describe
what’s happening in the plot.
TIMELINE
dictates the sequence of events in the plot

NARRATIVE WRITING
What is
DESCRIPTIVE
WRITING?
Descriptive writing allows the
reader to paint a picture in their
head. Descriptive writing makes
your text more appealing and
therefore draws in the reader.

TECHNIQUES IN ANALYZING NARRATIVE TEXT
iNTRODUCE THE TOPIC DRAMATIC MOMENTS
SET THE SCENE DRAMATIC DIALOGUE
CREATE THE MOOD WITH

CONFLICT-CLIMAX
DESCRIPTION
SPEAKER’S THOUGHTS
AND FEELINGS RESOLUTION
NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
LESSON 4
WRITING TO INFORM AND DEFINE
1. examine personal eco-friendly practices;
2. analyze eco-friendly texts in terms of content and structure;
3. consider ways in writing engaging informative texts; and
4. write a 500-word informative essay on discipline-based issues.

What is
INFORMATIVE
ESSAY?
An abstract or commonly disputed
term, compare and contrast
perspectives, analyze data or
provide steps in performing a
complex task.
NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
SEVEN STEPS FOR WRITING

AN INFORMATIVE ESSAY
INFORMATIVE ESSAY
WRITE
SELECT TOPIC
EDIT
RESEARCH
PROOFREAD
CREATE AN OUTLINE
DOCUMENT CITATIONS
NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
FEATURES OF AN
INFORMATIVE ESSAY
FEATURES OF AN INFORMATIVE ESSAY
1. Provides information on topics that
are not known to a vast majority of
readers
2. Provides concrete and purposeful

information
3. Has a clear and focused topic
4. Presents information in a
straightforward but engaging way

TECHNOLOGY
FEATURES OF AN INFORMATIVE ESSAY
5. Uses facts about real people and

events, evidences to support
information.
6. Defines key terms and concepts.
7. Uses appropriate rhetorical

patterns: define, explain, exemplify,
cause and effect

TECHNOLOGY
What is a
DEFINITION
ESSAY?
is structured around the goal of
defining a term, concept, or idea.
While you may start off with a
simple dictionary definition, your
essay will, ultimately, contain an
extended definition.
NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
TECHNIQUES IN DEFINING
KEY CONCEPTS
TECHNIQUES IN DEFINING KEY CONCEPTS
ETYMOLOGY - explaining origin of the word itself.
PRINCIPLES OF discussing how topic in

PREPARATION question functions, including
any special materials or
CLASSIFICATION showing how the topic fits into a
conditions required.
larger category.
CONTRAST/NEGATION showing how the topic
differs from others in the same class.
DESCRIPTION listing and defining the component parts.
HISTORY - discussing the history of the term/its

use/controversies associated with it.
CAUSE AND EFFECT - discussing how the
situation came about and what
effects it may have.

COMPARISON - showing how the topic is similar to

others in the class.
ANALOGY - explaining by comparing two dissimilar
topics where the second is familiar to
the audience.
EXAMPLES - using examples, instances,
illustrations.

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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
STEPS IN DEFINING KEY

CONCEPTS AND TOPICS
AN EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ARTS AND MULTILITERACIES
CURRICULUM SATISFIES THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES.
1 What term, concept, or idea are you

defining?
2 Who is the intended audience for the
writing?
What purpose does the intended
3
definition have?
What term, class, and characteristics
4
does it have?
5 Are there patterns or common ideas help you complete the
definition?
NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
LESSON 5
WRITING TO ANALYZE
1. identify the nature and features of analytical writing;
2. adopt a literary perspective in reading and analyzing a chosen; and
3. write an analysis of a literary text following the steps suggested.

What is a
ANALYTICAL
WRITING?
The skill to analyze or break down
a concept into its parts is a
constituent of problem-solving and
decision-making skills. It allows
readers to examine the parts and
their relationships to form a
coherent whole.
What is a
ANALYTICAL
It
WRITING?
seeks to go beyond the
descriptive presentation of facts or
details to the reader, and instead
evaluates and investigates their
significance.
What is a
LITERARY
PERSPECTIVES?
Helps to explain why people
interpret the same story in different
ways. Perspective is likened to a
lens through which we can look to
examine a text.
LITERARY PERSPECTIVES
READER’S RESPONSE interplay between reader and

text.
Guide Questions:
• What does the text have to with you, personally?
• How much does the text agree or clash with your view of the
world?
• How did you learn, and how much were your views and
opinions challenged or changed by this text?
• What is your overall reaction to the text?
ARCHETYPAL Universal, cross-cultural patterns or

models
Guide Questions:
• How does this story resemble other stories in plot, character,
setting, or symbolism?
• What universal experiences are depicted?
• Are patterns suggested?
• How and why are these archetypes embodied in the work?
FORMALIST Writing structure (form) and conventional

practice.
Guide Questions:
• How do various elements of the work reinforce its meaning?
• What recurring patterns (repeated or related words, images,
etc.) can you find?
• What figures of speech are used?
• What effects are produced? Do any of these relate to one
another
COLLEGE or to the theme?
OF EDUCATION
PSYCHOANALYTICAL Pyschology (e.g., personality,

state of mind, emotions, and
Guide Questions: desires)
• What forces are motivating the characters?
• What conscious or unconscious conflicts exist between the
characters?
• Are the theories of Freud or other psychologists applicable to this
work? To what degree?
• What do the characters’ emotions and behaviors reveal about their
psychological states
HISTORICAL Historical context: social, political, economic,

cultural, intellectual climate of the time.
Guide Questions:
• What literary or historical influences helped to shape the form
and content of the work?
• How does the story reflect the attitudes and beliefs of the time in
which it was written or set?
• What historical events or movements might have influenced this
writer?
MARXIST Effects of power and money.

Guide Questions:
• What does the work say about economic or social power?
Who has it and who doesn’t?
• Does the story address issues of economic exploitation?
• Does the work challenge or affirm the social order it depicts?
• Can the protagonist’s struggle be seen as symbolic of a larger
class struggle?
GENDER (FEMINIST) Patterns of thought. behavior, value,

and power interacting between the
sexes.
Guide Questions:
• How are women’s lives portrayed in the work?
• Is the form and content of the work influenced by the writer’s
gender?
• How do male and female characters relate to one another?
• Does the work challenge or affirm traditional views of women?
DECONSTRUCTION Question assumptions and face-value

meanings.
Guide Questions:
• What is the primary binary opposition in the text?
• What associated binary opposition do you find?
• Which terms in the oppositions are privileged?
• What contradictions of language, images or event do
you notice?
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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
FEATURES OF AN ANALYSIS
PAPER
FEATURES OF ANALYSIS PAPER
An analysis paper....
may entail a breakdown of the
is written to show your
work into its component parts
understanding, evaluation, or
in order for you to understand
appreciation of a literary work
how a text means what it
or aspect of it.
means.
uses comparative and

contrastive language

TECHNOLOGY
FEATURES OF ANALYSIS PAPER
An analysis paper...
creates relationships between uses evidence from multiple

individual pieces of sources to support assertions
information which are made
has a clear. arguable thesis

statement

TECHNOLOGY
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STEPS IN WRITING AN ANALYSIS

PAPER
STEPS IN WRITING AN ANALYSIS PAPER
5.) Read your sources and

1.) Identify your reading
take note of relevant
preferences
information
6.) Identify three major points
2.) Limit your topic
from your notes
3.) Explain the rationale
7.) Draft your thesis statement
4.) List and evaluate your 8.) Revise your thesis
references in terms of statement
usefulness 9.) Make your working outline
NUEVA ECIJAOF
COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
LESSON 6
WRITING TO PROPOSE SOLUTIONS
1. identify environmental issues that call for immediate action;
2. figure out ways to address environmental issues; and
3. plan a feasible proposal for environmental issue using the design
thinking process.

What is a
PROBLEM-SOLUTIO
N PAPER?
Analyzes a problem and then
offers a solution to this problem. It
provides a way of looking at a
challenging problem and a basis
for proposing a feasible solution to
the problem.
PARTS OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION ESSAY
The clearly defined problem
The proposed solution/s
The anticipated questions and

counter-arguments
The conclusion

PROCESS IN WRITING PROJECT PROPOSAL

What is a
DESIGN THINKING?
a methodology which provides a
solution-based approach to solving
problems.

PARTS OF THE DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
EMPHATIZE Develop a deep understanding of the

challenge.
DEFINE Clearly state the problem you want to solve.
IDEATE Think about potential solutions; select and develop
your smart solution to the problem.
SPECIFI MEASURABL ATTAINABLE
C E
REALISTIC TIME-BOUND
PROTOTYPE Design a prototype (or series of prototypes)

to test your solution.
• Background: Why did you come with your proposal?
• Goals and Objectives: What you aim to accomplish?
• Description: What is the proposal all about?
• Steps: What process do you intend to follow?
• Needs: What specific materials, equipment, budget, and manpower are
needed to accomplish the objectives?
• People involved: Who target audience, designated teams, and other
stakeholders?
TEST
Engage in a continuous innovation
process to continually improve your
design.

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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
LESSON 7
WRITING TO INVESTIGATE
1. examine sample thesis presentation in terms of content, delivery, and
usefulness of research;
2. distinguish among parts of a research report;
3. collaboratively plan for and perform a research; and
4. report findings and results of research to class.

PARTS OF A RESEACH REPORT
TITLE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION, SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION

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LESSON 8
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
1. distinguish the different types of plagiarism;
2. classify whether sample sentences exhibit plagiarism or not;
3. examine basic rules to avoid plagiarism; and
4. observe varied ways to incorporate quotes properly in text.

PLAGIARISM
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
means using someone else’s work
without giving them proper credit. In
academic writing, it involves using words,
ideas, or information without a proper
citing.
Ex. Copying parts of a text word for word,

without quotation marks.
THREE CASES OF PLAGIARISM
DIRECT PLAGIARISM
word-for-word borrowing, without
attribution and quotation marks,
from an unacknowledged
source.
Ex. dropping a line from a

source without using quotation
marks.
MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
reusing a mix of word, phrases,
and ideas from a source without
indicating which words and ideas
have been borrowed.

SELF-PLAGIARISM
occurs when a student submits
his or her own previous work, or
mixes parts of previous works,
without permission from all
professors involved.

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BASIC RULES TO AVOID

PLAGIARISM
BASIC RULES TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
2 3
1
identify all words and Follow all quotations, Use your own
phrases taken from paraphrases, and words and
sources by enclosing summaries of outside sentence structure
them within quotation sources with when you
marks. appropriate and paraphrase.
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION complete citations.
BASIC RULES TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
4 5 6
Be certain that all include all of the Provide

summaries and sources cited in your documentation for all
paraphrase of your paper in the visual images, charts,
sources are accurate References page and graphs from
and objective. that follows the body printed or electronic
of your paper.
sources.
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USEFUL STEPS TO SAVE

ONESELF FROM PLAGIARISM
1 introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.
Use an introductory or explanatory phrase, but not a complete,

2
separated from the quotation with a comma.
Make the quotation a part of your own sentence without any

3
punctuation between your own words and the words you are
quoting.
4 Use short quotations-only a few words-as part of your own
sentence.
REFERENCES
https://www.papertrue.com/blog/what-is-an-essay/
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-an-analytical-essay
https://study.com/academy/lesson/descriptive-essay-definition-example
s-characteristics.html
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/narrative-wr
iting#:~:text=Narrative%20writing%20is%20a%20style,realistic%20exp
erience%20from%20the%20words.
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/how-to-write-an-informative-essay/#:~
:text=An%20informative%20essay%20is%20an,process%20step%2Db
y%2Dstep. TECHNOLOGY
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COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
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NUEVA ECIJAOF

and data presentation;

2. characterize academic writing in terms of purpose, audience,

language use, and data presentation; and

about “Green initiatives.”

Academic writing is impersonal

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

On the other hand, it is formal

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ACADEMIC WRITING should be:

ACADEMIC WRITING should NOT be:

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

1. PURPOSE What is the intention or purpose of the

• General - to inform and to persuade.

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2. AUDIENCE For whom is the text addressed or

3. LANGUAGE USE Is the language formal or

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

4. DATA PRESENTATION Does the text

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

6. MODE What is the means used to present meaning:

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2. identify the parts of an essay question and the corresponding

choices a writer must make based on the question;

3. analyze essay questions into component parts; and

4. answer common college essay questions.

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The length of an essay can vary from a few hundred to several

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

PROVIDE THE NECESSARY

SELECT TOPIC STATEMENTS

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

How to write an effective and informative introductory paragraph?

1. Construct an attractive hook.

2. Provide sufficient context or background information.

3. Construct a well-rounded and comprehensive thesis

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

To write a fool-proof and authoritative essay, you need to provide

2. Provide the supporting information.

3. Analyze the supporting information.

4. Create a smooth transition to the next paragraph.

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

To create a powerful conclusion, you need to start with a strong

2. Summarize the main points of your essay.

3. Create a lasting impression with your concluding statement

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

• describes an object, person,

• aims to explain a particular topic

• a piece of writing that provides

• A persuasive essay is one in

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ORIENTATION background information to orient you of

PROPOSITION includes a statement that you need to

SCOPE tells you what you have to cover (how

INSTRUCTION VERBS are

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY